gentle stimulating action, impart renewed vigor to the entire digestive and glandular system.

A Deep Red Tongue Without Coating.-With this type of tongue we find a corresponding redness of all the mucous surface, and my experience is that no matter when they are found there is an excess of alkali salts in the blood, and that the indications for the administration of acids are absolute. We will occasionally find cases of rheumatism where the most pronounced indications are dusky or dark red of the mucous surface; here we will cure the case with acids.

Again, with the tongue that is from an irritation, you will find symptoms in other organs that will tell you that the redness is not from a lack of acids, such as pain or tenderness in the stomach or bowels or diarrhoea, or some other diagnostic feature that will keep you on the right track.

A red tongue-that the red is partially obscured by a thin coating or sort of film, with here and there a place where the redness is shown through.

This type of tongue shows an irritable stomach with a depraved condition of the blood.

It is that condition where all ingested is a source of discomfort; there is a great impairment of the digestive functions, and also absorption is retarded or entirely arrested. I have noticed in many instances this is seen in connection with an exhausted condition of the nervous system, as is shown by a puffy condition of the tongue. When this condition is present it imparts a much graver aspect to the case, as often vital exhaustion follows rapidly that soon terminates the disease. The remedies that are brought to mind in this condition are acids, in connection with antiseptics. Salicylic Acid, Sulphurous Acid, or Muriatic will often give satisfactory results. Many times we will notice that the administration of those agents will better the patient's condition within a very short time and seem to act as a food, an antiseptic and a restorative.

In some cases we will find this depraved condition following an ulceration of the alimentary tract or in connection with it. Here the acids will not act kindly, in which case the recuperative powers have reached such a low ebb that it is extremely doubtful if any line of treatment will accomplish much good.

Tongue Coated Around With a Dirty White Fur.-This indicates a depraved state of the blood, as is often noticed in the early stages of typhoid fever or diseases that assure a typhoid condition, and as this fur darkens we note the advance of the septic until at last the tongue is nearly black, when there is a complete disorganization of the constituents of the blood. The treatment indicated in this class of cases is to sustain the patient, give antiseptics, hot milk and scrupulously avoid any possibility of producing an irritation of the bowels. In my opinion we have no place here for Quinine in any sized doses, or for the opiates. A trituration of the Sulphate of Copper is an admirable antiseptic in those conditions. In cases of dysentery where there is a tendency to typhoid complications, a mild solution of the sulphate may be thrown into the bowels, checking the discharges, as well as to act as an antiseptic. We should not forget the use of plenty of good pure water, frequently bathing the patient. In many of these cases I dislike the use of Alcohol on account of the affinity which the Alcohol exerts for Oxygen; thus robbing the blood to a large extent of that life-giving principle which, instead of stimulating, lessens the chances of recovery.

The Clean, Raw Beef Tongue.-Place your finger on the tongue and you find that there is a coating that reminds you of the white of an egg; the breath reminds you of the decomposition of animal matter. This is a tongue that tells of sepsis of the blood, and is a condition that will change to a brown or nearly black, unless you give it the proper care and medicines. It is the tongue that you so often see where the disease is of malarial origin.

You will find it in the early weeks of typho-malarial diseases, and as the fever advances the tongue calls for Sulphurous Acid in connection with antiseptics. Frequent sponging the patient with strong solution of Quinine dissolved with Muriatic Acid, and added to dilute Alcohol, will frequently prove of benefit. With this, as well as with the brown tongue, keep watch of the condition of the secretions of the kidneys, or know that your patient is passing urine occasionally. The brown tongues are apt to be associated with dryness, from a depression of the nerve centers, and in the run of this class of diseases when the tongue becomes moist it tells us that the nerve centers have been relieved

and that the secretions are being established. You will notice that delirium will subside as the tongue moistens.

The Narrow, Elongated and Pointed Tongue.-This is a very common manifestation. It indicates irritation of the stomach, the intensity of the irritation being in proportion to the degree of redness of the tip and edges.

The narrowing up of the organ tells of excitation of the nervous system and a partial arrest of its functions. It is this tongue that is often seen where there is vomiting, and wherever you meet it you should give it your first attention, as it is impossible to get the desired action from medicines as long as this condition of the stomach exists. Here we find benefit from Amygdalus Persica, Bismuth, the Subnitrate or the Liquor Bismuth, which is a solution of the Citrate, and small doses of Ipecac with Aconite is possibly as reliable a medicine as we have. Dilute Hydrocyanic Acid in small doses, also Rhubarb, will often act nicely. In this condition all the bitter tonics, such as Nux, Podophyllin and all cathartics, are contra-indicated; or in fact no agent that will further stimulate should be administered.

There is another tongue that is often met with in chronic diseases and also in some of the subacute conditions. It is in the majority of instances a broad tongue. The color is the special feature, which is something of a leaden color. It is associated with a wrong of digestion and blood-making occasionally. I have observed it in connection with a glandular trouble, and also in cases of chronic skin diseases.

As a remedy, I here find small doses of Tincture of Copper to act nicely; so also will drop doses of Fowler's Solution of Arsenic, or small doses of a trituration of Bin-iodide of Mercury, so as to give it at the rate of 1 or 1 of a grain at a dose.

I have noticed this tongue in cancerous subjects; but whether it is due to that or any kindred cause I am unable to state.

You have heard about the strawberry tongue that is found in scarlet fever. I will say nothing regarding it.

Some writers speak of a fissured tongue that tells of an irritation of the kidneys; but with my observation I have been unable to associate the condition, but will say that it should receive further study before it can be determined with any degree of certainty.

There is a peculiar mapped or fissured tongue that I have noticed in cases of syphilitic trouble, which should receive further attention.

There is a tongue that is pointed, and will be found with numerous red dots, reminding one of the dots upon a strawberry. This I associate with an irritation of the nervous system that will be removed by small doses of Rhus Tox. The child is restless and irritable, throws up its hands and utters a sharp cry in its sleep. There is the characteristic Rhus pulse accompanying this tongue, I have found in many instances these symptoms would fade away after you have cleaned the child of worms by small doses of a trituration of Santonine.

There are no doubt many points that may be modified by time and further experience as regards the diagnostic points of the tongue.

TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA.

BY JOSHUA G. ELLIS, M.D., CERRO GORDO, ILLS. Lung fever prevails mostly during the winter and spring season. It is usually caused by exposure to cold, getting wet, breathing cold air, or cooling off too soon after being very warm. The bugologists say that it is caused by a little microbe or germ, but I take no stock in that theory; the bug may be there, but, if it is, it is there as a result only, and not as the cause.

Children seem more subject to the disease than adults; I suppose the reason for this is that their tissues are more tender than the grown person's and are not so able to withstand cold and exposure; they are also more in the habit of breathing through the mouth, thus allowing the cold air to enter the lungs direct without first being warmed, as would be the case if they breathed through the The turbinated bones are placed in the nose for the purpose of warming the air before it enters the lungs; hence we should never breath through the mouth when it is possible to do otherwise. The inflammation usually attacks only one lung at a time, but it may attack both; the right one is most often affected; as to why this is so I have never been able to determine.

nose.

We have several varieties of this disease, according to the parts involved. Thus, when the inflammation is scattered here and

there, affecting only the little lobules that compose the lobes proper, we call it lobar-pneumonia; when the bronchial tubes are involved we call it broncho-pneumonia; and when the pleura are affected we call it pleuro-pneumonia; but the most common form, perhaps, is the interstitial, or inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung. I have found that the disease in children almost invariably partakes of the nature of croup, or croupous-pneumonia. It doesn't seem to go through all the different stages like it does in the

I will not take up your time by giving the symptomatology, diagnosis, or prognosis of the disease, as you are all doubtless familiar with that, but will proceed to the treatment.

This disease should be treated like all other diseases, viz.: according to the indications of each individual case, as the treatment of one case will be no certain criterion to go by in the treatment of another, as the conditions may be quite different.

As a rule, there is a chill at the onset of the disease, of longer or shorter duration; and if we were called at that time (which is seldom the case) we would give small doses of Belladonna and Cactus until the patient becomes warm. We would be safe in doing that, as with a chill there is always congestion of the internal organs, with consquent depletion of the surface blood-vessels.

After the chill has subsided, we would give such remedies as might be indicated; if there was a full, bounding pulse, with a general sthenic condition, Veratrum would be the sedative indicated. If the patient was an adult, we would add five to ten drops of it to a half-glass of water, and give a teaspoonful every one or two hours; whilst a larger dose would bring the temperature down sooner, we Eclectics know that the small dose frequently repeated is more apt to hold it down.

If the pulse were small and frequent (not dependent upon vital weakness) Aconite would be the sedative, and would be given in the usual small dose. Were the pulse full and oppressed, with dilated pupils and dusky color of the face, we would give Belladonna; or should we have the opposite condition, viz., rather full pulse, with bright eyes and contracted pupils and bright flush of face, we would give Gelsemium instead of the Belladonna.

Should the tongue be pointed, with red tip and edges, we would give Ipecac to relieve irritation of the stomach and for its influ