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XV. MISCELLANEOUS.

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BOOKS.

When a sheet is folded into two
leaves, it is called Folio.
When folded into 4 leaves, it is
called Quarto.

When folded into 8 leaves, it is
called Octavo.

When folded into 12, it is called.
Duodecimo, or 12mo.

When folded into 18, it is called
18mo.

When folded into 24, it is called 24s.

MISCELLANEOUS.

39. Interrogate the pupils in length of clock pendulums.table XV. thus; how many things Hands are used in measuring the make one dozen? how many doz-height of horses, and fathoms in en one gross? and so on through measuring depths at sea?

the table. The habit of reckon-
ing by the dozen is well adpated to 1.
the English method of reckoning
money; articles which were 4s a 2.
dozen being 4d apiece, 73 a dozen,
7d apiece, &c. Points, lines and 3.
inches are used in measuring the

QUESTIONS.

To what is the habit of reckouing by dozens adapted? What are points and lines used in measuring?

What is measured by hands? by fathoms?

SECTION VI.
COMPOUND NUMBERS.

41. 1. What part of a penny is 1 farthing? 2 qrs? 3 qrs?

1. How many farthings are ¿d? 12d? 3 4d? 1d? 1 d? 1 3-4d?

2. In 8 qrs how many pence

2. In 2 pence how many farthings? 2 1-2d? 3 1-2d? 5? 710qrs? 16? 14? 20? 28? 36? 32? 44 9? 8? 11? 12?

48?

3. In 2 shillings how many 3. In 24d how many shillings? pence? Is 6d? 2s 6d? 3s? 5s? 4s18d? 30d? 36d? 60? 54? 66? 72? 79? 6d? 5s 6d? 6s? 6s 7d?

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4. In one pound 10s how many| 4. In 30s how many pounds? 40s? shillings? 21? 24l? 31? 31 5s? 41150s ?60? 65? 98? 100? 102?

18s? 51? 51 9s?

5. In 17 how many pence? In I's how many farthings? 2s? 3s?

6. How many dollars in 5 eagles? seven?

7. How many cents in five dollars? five and a quarter?

5. In 240d how many pounds? in 48qrs how many shillings? 96 qrs.? 144qrs.?

6. In 50 dollars how many caIgles? in 70?

7. In 500 cts how many dollars? in 525?

8. How many minutes in two hours two and 3-4ths?

9. How many minutes in 3h. 17 m.?-4h. 39m? 1h. 57m.?

10. In two weeks and five days how many days? three w. four d.? five w. six d.? nine w. three d.?

8. In 120m how many hours, 165m.

9. How many hours in 197m, 279m, 117.

10. In 19 days how many weeks* 25d, 41, 66d.

11. In two lb. seven oz. Troy, 11. In 31 ounces how many lbs, how many oz.? three lb. eleven? 47 oz.

12. In 4lb. 3 oz. avoirdupois,j

how many oz.? 3lb. 15?

13. Ia two rd. 7 ft. how many feet? 4 rd. 15 ft?

14. In 4 yds. how many qrs.? 5 yds. 2 qrs?

15. In one cord and sixty-four feet how many feet? 1 3-4 cord? 16. In bu. 1 pk. 2 qts. how many quarts.

17. In one gallon two quarts how many gills.

18. In 2° 24' how many minutes.

12. In 67 oz how many lbs, 63

jounces.

13. In 20 feet how many rods, 81 feet.

14. In 19 qrs how many yards, 22 qrs.

15. In 192ft how many cords, 224 feet?

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16 In 49qts how many bushels.

17 In 48 gills how many gall

18 In 144' how many degrees?

41. 1. A boy bought a book two qts., what do they all contain.

for 7d, and a slate for 11d, what did they both cost? Ans. 1s 6d.

8. How many cords in 2 loads of wood, one containing one cord 2. If a yard of cloth cost 2s 3d, 46 feet, and the other one cord 90 and a handkerchief 1s 9d, what feet.

did both cost?

9. There is a garden the four 3. If a gallon of molasses cost 3s sides of which are as follows, three 4d, and a pound of tea 4s 6d, what rods twelve feet. five rods seven did both cost? feet, three rods eighteen feet, and 4. What is the sum of 3h 50m five rods, what is the distance and 5h 30m? round it?

5. Three pieces of meat weigh- 10. How many degrees in 35', ed as follows, one 5lb 7oz, one 4lb 24', 56' and 15 Roz, and one 2lb 10 oz, what did they all weigh?

11. How many bushels are 15 quarts, 18 quarts, 28 and 30 qts. 6. A man had 4 bags of wheat, 12. How many pounds are fourone contained 2bu 3pks, one 3bu, teen oz, twelve oz. thirteen oz. and one 3bu. 2pks, and one 4bu one pk, fifteen oz.

how much did they all contain? 13. If the sun set 6h 35m, what 7. A man has 3 bottles, one con-lis the length of the day, the fore-. tains one gal, three qts., one two noon and afternoon being equal? gal. one qt. and one three gal. and

42. 1 A boy bought a slate 2s less 1s 3d are how much? 59 31 for 11d and sold it again for one less 4s 6d? 6s less 4s 6d? 7s 3d less shilling, how much did he gain? 6s 8d? 5s 1d less 11d?

2 A.boy bought a book for 2s 8. What is the difference be 4d and sold it for 1s 9d, how much tween 14s 9d and 1ls 11d? did he lose? 9. A man having twelve bush3 If a gallon of molasses cost els of oats in a bin, took out 7 bush38 44 and a pound of tea 5s 3d, how els and 3 pecks, how much remans much more did the tea cost than in the bin?

the molasses?

10. One side of a lot of land is 4. A person bought 6ib 9oz of 14 rods 7 feet long and the oppobutter and sold 3lb 12oz how much site side is 12 rods 13 feet, what is did he keep for himself? the difference?

5. There are 2 boxes of wheat,

11. The weight of a cart and one contains 7b 1p and the other load of hay was 19 hund. 17 lb. 5b 3p, how much more does one and the weight of the cart 3 hund. contain than the other? 261b. what was the weight of the

6. From a keg which contained hay? eleven gallons two quarts of wine, 12. If an eclipse begin at 8h. six gallons three qts were drawn 46m. and end 10h. 14m. what is its out, how much remains in the keg? duration?

7. What is the difference be- 13. If the sun rise 4h. 52m. how tween 7m 6fur and 6m 7 furlongs? many hours to noon?

43. 1. What will 2 yards of cloth cost at 9d per yard?

2. What will 3 yds. of cloth cost at 1s. 6d per yard?

3. There are 4 boxes of butter,

44. 1.12 yds. of cloth cost 1s. 6d, what is that per yard?

2. If 3 yds. of cloth cost 4s. 6d, what is that per yard?

3. If 4 boxes contain 13 lb. 8 oz.?

and each contains 3 lb. 6 oz. how of butter, how much is that each inuch in the whole?

4. How many shillings are our times lid?

5. How much is 3 times 6-1-2 d.

6. How many pounds are five times 8 oz.?

box?

4. How many times 4 in 3s. 8d? E. How many times 3 in Is. 7dH? 6. Divide 2 lb. 8 oz. of raisins among 5 boys?

7. Divide 16 yds. 2 qrs. of cloth 7. In 6 pieces of cloth cach con- into 6 pieces, how much in each taining 2 yds. 3 qrs. how many yards?

8. If a basket hold 3 qts. one pt. what will such baskets hold?

9. What will 6 yds. cloth cost at one shilling one penny a yard 10. If a person smoke 3 cigars a day, how much will his cigars cost him for one week at a penny ala piece?

piece?

8. If you put 21 qts. one pt. into 7 baskets, how much will there be in each?

9. If 6 yds. of cloth cost 6s. 6d what is that a yard?

10. If a person's cigars cost him Is. 9d a week and he smoke 3 day, how much is that a piece?

45. 1. At one shilling a doz-much a piece? at 15, 20, 25, 40, en, how much a piece? 2?5? 7? 335. 30, 70, 85.

4? 8? 10? 9?

When things are sold by the 2. At ten cents a desm, how desm, or ten, we have only to cut

off the right hand figure of the How much in eight? in ten? five? 11. If a person travel a mile in price and those on the left show how much the things are apiece, & 20 minutes, how many rods does the figure cut off is to be regarded he go in one minute? in 1? how as a decimal. Ten cents a desm is many rods in an hour? one cent a piece, 15 cents is 1.5 of one cent five mills, &c.

12. If 360 degrees be divided into 12 equal parts, how many de3. At one dollar 20 cts. a desm.grees in each? what are these dihow much a piece? At $1,50: visions called? (p.38) 13. In 12 shillings how many 4. If 100 needles cost 50 cents, times two pence? 3 pence? 4d? how much is that apiece? 8d? 12d?

1,75? 2? 2,25? 3?

14. In a rod how many times 3

5. If a quarter of a dollar be divided between 2 boys, how much feet? in 2 rods? will each receive?

15. I wish to draw off 9 gallons

6. If a person drink a pint of of wine into bottles, containing rum a day, how many gallons will pts, qts. and 3 pts, each an equal he drink in 4 weeks? six weeks? 9number, how many must I have? weeks? 16. Two boys are to carry, in

7. If a gallon of molasses cost 12 bushels of apples, one with a 50 cents, what will one quart cost? basket which holds 3 pecks, and One pint? the other's holds halfa bushel, and they are to go an equal number of times; how many times will it re

3. If nine yards of ribbon cost 108 cts. how much is that yard? 9. If two pounds of raisins bequire? divided among eight children, bow many ounces will each receive?

17. When the sun rises at 4h. 15m. what is the length of the 10. How much wine in six bot-night? what the length of the tles, each containing 2 qts. one pt?day?

SECTION VII.

CHARACTERS EXPLAINED.

46. The expression of arithmetical operations is considerably abridged by the use of the following characters:

EQUALITY.

+ADDITION.

Equality of two quantities, or sets of quantities, is denoted by two level, or horizontal lines, placed between them; as 100 cents=1 dollar, which signifies that 100 cents are equal to one dollar.

Addition is denoted by a cross, formed by one horizontal and one perpendicular line, placed between the numbers; as 4+5=9; signifying that 4added to 5,or 4plus5, are equal to 9

Multiplication is denoted by a cross formed by two oblique lines, called St. Andrew's XMULTIPLICATION. cross, placed between the numbers; as 5X3 |=15,signifying that 3 times 5, or the product Lof 5 multiplied by 3 is equal to 15.

SUBTRACTION.

), or or g DIVISION.

Subtraction is denoted by one horizontal mark, placed between the numbers; as 7-4 =3; signifying that 4 taken from 7, or 7 minus 4, are equal to 3.

Division is denoted in three ways; 1st, by the reversed parenthesis; 2dly, by a horizontal line placed between the numbers, with a dot on each side of it; and 3dly, by writing the number to be divided over the one by which it is to be divided, with a line between in the form of a vulgar fraction. Thus 2)6(3, and 6÷2=3, and 6=3, all signify the same thing, namely, that 2 is contained in 6 three times, or that if 6 be dividided into two parts each of those parts will be 3.

Nole.--The pupils should be frequently and thoroughly exercised in the use of these characters upon the slate, or black board.

47. 1. How may the express- 7.

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Son of arithmetical operations be 10ths? wholes? abridged?

many

2. How is the equality of two 8. 2+18 how many 18ths? quantities denoted? Make the 9ths? wholes?

character.

3. How is addition denoted? make the character. What is it! called?

9. 1+2+3+4=how many?

10. 17+71pus27-how many? 11. 11. 6s.plus 14s. how many pounds?

12. 16s. 8d.plus1l. Os. 4d. how ny $?

4. 14+7-how many? 25-+7= how many? 16-9-+-3=how many? 2+3+4+5=how many? +3=how many? 1+2=how 13. s. 6d. plus 9d.+3d.—how many?16 +44-how many? +many cents? how many 12ths? how ma

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ny 24ths?
5. +1 how many 10ths?
6. how many 12ths
24ths? 36ths?

48. By what character is mul. tiplication denoted? Make it. 2. How could you signify that 8 was multipied by 7?

3. 8x7 how many? 9X9?| 14X3? 14X4? 11X5? 15X4? 13X3? 12X 13? 3×2×4?

4. What would you understand by 3+12=4x96x18? 2X4×3, =12×2?

14. 4lb. 13oz.+5lb. 11oz how many lb.?

ny

15. 23ft+1-5ft.=how mainches.

5. How many are 1×2 ? 2X 3? 4X4? 58X5? 68×6? 7 X7?

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6. How many are X44X2? 7. How are 74 multiplied by 7? by 8 by 10? by 12?

8. What cost 2 yards of cloth at 19 cents a yard? at 22 cts.? 27?

9. If 30 cents buy three quar

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