C. D. and he the said C. D. doth hereby put, place and bind out himself, as an apprentice to R. P. to learn the art, trade, or mystery of The said C. D. after the manner of an apprentice, to dwell with and serve the said R. P. from the day of the date hereof, until the be in the year of our Lord one day of which will thousand eight hundred and at which time the said apprentice, if he should be living, will be twenty-one years of age. During which term or time the said apprentice his said master well and faithfully shall serve; his secrets keep, and his lawful commands every where and at all times readily obey. He shall do no damage to his said master, nor wilfully suffer any to be done by others; and if any to his knowledge be intended, he shall give his master seasonable notice thereof. He shall not waste the goods of his said master, nor lend them unlawfully to any; at cards, dice, or any unlawful game he shall not play; fornication he shall not commit, nor matrimony contract during the said term; taverns, ale-houses, or places of gaming he shall not haunt or frequent: From the service of his said master he shall not absent himself; but in all things, and at all times, he shall carry and behave himself as a good and faithful apprentice ought, during the whole time or term aforesaid. And the said R. P. on his part, doth hereby promise, covenant and agree to teach and instruct the said apprentice, or cause him to be taught and instructed in the art, trade, or calling of a by the best way or means he can, and also teach and instruct the said apprentice, or cause him to be taught and instructed to read, write, and cipher as far as the Rule of Three, if the said apprentice be capable to learn, and shall well and faithfully find and provide for the said apprentice, good and sufficient meat, drink, clothing, lodging and other necessaries fit and convenient for such an apprentice, during the term aforesaid, and at the expiration thereof, shall give unto the said apprentice, two suits of wearing apparel, one suitable for the Lord's day, and the other for working days. In testimony whereof, the said parties have hereunto interchangeably set their hands and seals, this said day of in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and Signed, sealed, and delivered in presence of (Seal.) (Seal.) (Seal.) PRACTICAL RULES AND TABLES. [For most of the following important Tables, and other matters, the Author is indebted to the wriendship of JOHN JOHNSON, Esq. of Burlington.] I. DRY MEASURE. 353. In March, 1797, the Legislature of the State of Vermont passed an act establishing the Winchester measure as the same is established in Great-Britain. By referring back to the English statutes we find a law was passed in 1697, during the reign of James II. in which it is enacted that "every round bushel with a plane and even "bottom, being made eighteen inches and a half wide through"out, and eight inches deep, shall be considered a legal "Winchester bushel according to the standard in his majes"ty's exchequer." 354. A vessel thus made will contain 2150.42 cubic inches, or 1.244456 cubic feet, and by dividing the inches in a cubic foot by the cubic inches in a bushel, it is found that a cubic foot is 0.80356 of a bushel; and consequently the cubic feet that any bin or garner contains, being multiplied by 0.80956, will produce the number of bushels which such bin or garner may hold, and as the decimals after 8 are of very small value, they in most cases may be omitted. On the 6th day of November, 1816, the Legislature of the State of Vermont enacted that "thirty-eight quarts of Ale or "Winchester measure, shall be considered as the measure of "a bushel of charcoal, lime and ashes." Now considering this to mean Ale measure, which by an English statute of 1689, is 282 cubic inches to the gallon, it very nearly agrees with 40 quarts of dry or Winchester measure, which is generally considered to be a bushel of either of the above articles in most or all of the United States. 355. The above act of 1816 was so altered in October, 1828, as to read 38 quarts Winchester measure, which is 2553.6 cubic inches, and by division it will be found that one bushel of coal, lime or ashes, as now established in Vermont, is 1.4777 cubic feet, and that one cubic foot is 0.67669 of a bushel. 20 356. By general practice and by law in many of the states, 10 gallons or 40 quarts Winchester measure are considered a bushel of coal, lime or ashes, and this measure being 268.8 cubic inches to the gallon, is 2688 cubic inches to the bushel, which being divided by the inches in a cubic foot, gives 1.55555 cubic feet to the bushel. And by dividing the inches in a cubic foot by the cubic inches in a bushel, as last stated, gives 0.642857, which is the proportion that a cubic foot bears to a bushel. EXAMPLES. 1. The dimensions of a box, in which coal was drawn, were taken in seet and decimal parts, and were as follows, to wit: length, 12.5; height, 3.4; width at top, 3.94; width at bottom, 2.7;-what number of bushels of corn will this box hold at 32 quarts, or 2150.42 cubic inches? what number of bushels at 38 quarts to the bushel, and what number of bushels at 40 quarts to the bushel? + 3.94+2.7-6.64÷2=3.32X3.4X12.5=141.1 cubic feet. Then 141.1X0.8=112.88 bushels of corn, 141.1X0.677=95.52 bushels of 38 quarts each, and 141.1X0.64-90.30 bushels of 40 quarts each. $57. Coal being frequently measured in a ten bushel box of 2.5 feet wide and 4 feet long, with handles attached to the sides to carry like a hand barrow, it may be proper to show how high such box should be to contain ten bushels, which is done as follows:-2.5 feet the width X4 the length 10. cubic feet that the box will contain at 1 foot high. The bushel of 40 quarts 1.5555 cubic feet which X10-15.555, the cubic feet in 10 bushels, Then 15.555-10-1.5555 or 1 foot 68 inch es. For the bushel of 38 quarts, 14.777-10-1.4777 for the height of the box, or 1 foot 5g inches. 2. Suppose a coal house to be 50 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 20 feet high, what quantity of coal will it hold of Vermont measure, and what of 40 quarts to the bushel or customary measure? 50X40X20=40000 cubic feetX0.67669-7067 bushels Vermont measure. And 40000X642857-25714 bushels customary measure. 3. I am about building a coal house 40 feet wide and 18 feet high, how long must it be to hold 30,000 bushels of coal, customary measure? 40X18-720 for a divisor, and 30000 bushels 1.55555-46666.66 for a dividend; then 46666.66720-64.81 feet, for the length of the coal house. 4. I have a garner of wheat which is 20 feet long, 8 feet wide and 6 feet high, how many bushels are there? Ans. 20X8X6X0.8=768 bushels. 5. How high must the above garner be to hold 1000 bushels of wheat? Ans. 20X8 160 for a divisor, and 1000X1.2444-1244.4 for a dividend. Then 1244.4-160-7.77 feet, for the height of the garner. 120.7854|19|1.9659||26,3.6863||33|5.9395||39| 8.2957||45|11.0447 130.9218 20 2.1817 27 3.9753|34 6.305040 8.717946 11.5410 14 1.0691 21 2.4048 28 4.2760 35 6.6813||41 9.1684 47 12.0482 151.2272 22 2.6393 29 4.586936 7.068642 9.62114812.5664 161.3963 23 2.8847 30 4.9087 377.4667 43 10.0847 49 13.0954 171.5762 243.1416 81 5.2414 387.8758 44 10.5592 50 13.6354 181.7671253.4082 825.5851 The column marked diameter is the diameter in inches, and the column marked area is the area of a section of the cylinder in feet and decimal parts. To illustrate the use of this table, I will give a few examples, viz. 1. How many cubic feet in a round stick of timber, 20 feet long, and 18 inches diameter? Look in the table under the head of diameter, and against 18 in the column of areas is 1.7671, which multiplied into the length in feet, will give the number of cubic feet such stick contains-that is, 1.7671X20=85.342 cubic feet. 2. How many cubic feet in a round log 24 inches diameter and 16 feet long? Ans. 3.1416X16-50.2656 cubic feet. 3. Suppose the mean diameter of a cask to be 3 feet, and its length 5 feet, how many cubic feet will it contain, and how many bushels of wheat will it hold? Ans. 7.0686X5=35.843 cubic feet, which X09-28.2744 bushels, 959. TABLE OF SQUARE TIMBER MEASURE. 0.4444 9 0.5000 10 0.5555 11 0.6111 120.6666 13 0.7222 14 0.7777 9 90.5625 10 0.6250 110.6875 12 0.7500 13 0.8125 1213 1.0833 1620 2.2222||21|21|3.0625 14 0.8750 14 14 10 10 0.6944 11 0.7638 26 3.7916 21 2.4971 27 3.9375 22 2.59722222 3.3611 1818 2 2500 192.3750 20 2.5000 22 2.7500 23 2.8750 1919 2 5069 20 2.6388 |21|2.7708 222.9028 23 3.5138 24 3.6666 25 3.8191 263.9722 27 4.1250 2323 3.6736 24 3.8333 17 1.6528 25 3.9930 26 4.1528 27 | 4.3125 23 3.03472424 4.0000 25 4.1666 26 4.3333 14 0.9722 15 1.0416 ! |16| 1.1111 1111 0.8403 12 0.9166 13 0.9932 120 2.0833 14 1.0666 16 16 1.7777 17 1.8888 15 1.1458 116 1.2222 |17|1.2986 27 4.5000 25 25 4.3403 26 4.5138 27 4.6875 26 26 4.6944 2714.8750 27 27 5.0625 EXPLANATION OF THE TABLE OF SQUARE TIMBER MEASURE. The two first columns contain the size of the timber in inches, and the third column contains the area of a section of such stick in feet; so that if you find the size of the stick in the two first columns, and multiply its length in feet into the number in the third column, marked "areas of sections," the product will be the cubic feet and decimal parts which such stick of timber contains. One example will be sufficient: What number of cubic feet in a stick of timber 18 by 15 inches, and 25 feet long? Ans. 1.875X25=46.875 cubic feet. |