If a man purchase a yoke of oxen for £15 5s. 8d. four cows for £20 10s. 6d. and a horse for £26; what did they all cost? Ans. £61, 16s. 2d. A certain field has four sides whose lengths are as follows: 4ch 27lin. 5ch. 19lin. 4ch. 50lin. and 6ch. 4lin. what is the distance round it? The floors of 4 rooms in a Ans. 20 ch. certain house cover 5rd. 24in. What is the weight of 3hhd. of land; the remaining room of sugar, the first weighing 1rd, lyd. lft.; and the walls | 10cwt. 20lb.; the 2d, 9cwt. and chimney cover 2rd. 11in.; | 1qr. 15oz.; and the 3d, 11cwt. how much land does the whole | 15lb. 14dr.? house occupy? Ans. 8rd. lyd. 1ft. 35in. Ans. 1 ton, 10 cwt. 2 qr. 7 lb. 15 oz. 14 dr. 3. Subtraction. 149. 1. A person bought a cow for 31. 7s. 6d. and sold it for 41. 12s. 3d. how much did he gain? l. 8. d. 43 Gain 1 We write the less number under the greater, so that pence shall stand under pence, shillings under shillings, and pounds under pounds; we then begin at the right hand, but as we cannot take 6d. from 3d. we borrow from the 12s. 1s.-12d. which we join with the 3d. making 15d. and then 6d. from 15d. leaves 9d. which we write under the pence. We now proceed to the shillings, but as we have borrowed 1s. from 12s. we call the 12s. 11s. and 7s. from 11s. leaves 4s. and lastly, 31. from 41. leaves 11. Thus we find that he gained 1. 4s. 9d. The above process is called Compound Subtraction. 4 9 Proof 4 12 3 COMPOUND SUBTRACTION 150. Is the taking of one compound number from another, so as to find the difference between them. (42) RULE. 151. Write the less number under the greater, so that the parts which are of the same name may stand directly under each other. Begin with the lowest denomination, and take the number in the lower line from the one standing over: proceed in the same way with all the denominations. Should the number in the upper line be less than the one standing under it, suppose as many units to be added to the upper number as will make a unit of the next higher denomination, remembering to diminish the number in the next place in the upper line by 1. PROOF.-The same as in Simple Subtraction. yd. ft. in. 25 2 10 16 1 11 36 40 3 22 8 LONG MEASURE. WINE MEASURE. deg. mi. fur. rd. ft. in. gal. qt. pt. gs. hhd. gal. qt. pt. 7 45 1 37 9 3 43 1 0 1 63 36 3 1 59 42 3 1 A man sold a piece of land A person for £735 11 s. 6d. and receiv- | 3 qr. of cloth, ed at one time £195 13 s. 11d. | 247 yd. 2 qr. and at another £61 5 s.; how | 114 yd. 1 qr.; much remains due? Ans. £478 12 s. 7d. he left? having 624 yds. sold at one time and at another how much has Ans. 263 yd. 152. In computing interest, the month is commonly reckoned 30 days, and the year 12 months. (145) In working the following questions, in place of the months, write the numbers of the months. (34) 4. Multiplication and Division. 153. 1. What will 61b. of coffee cost at 1s. 6d. 3 qr. per pound? . d. qr. 163 6 The cost of 6lb. is evidently 6 times the cost of 1lb. we therefore multiply the price of 1lb. by 6; thus, 6 times 3qr. are 18qr. 4d. 2qr. of which we write down the 2qr. and reserve the 4d. to be joined with the pence. We then say 6 Ans. 9 4 2 times 6d. are 36d. and 4d. reserved are 40d. 3s. 4d. of which we write down the 4d. and reserve the 3s, to be joined with the shillings. Lastly, we say 6 times 1s. are 6s. and 3s. reserved are 9s. which we write down, and the work is done. 2. What will 47 yards of cloth cost at 17s. 9d. per yard? S. d. 17 9 47 12) 423d. We first multiply d. by 47, and dividing the product 423d. by 12, find 35s. 3d. to be the cost of 47yd. at 9d. Again we multiply 17s. by 47, and 35s. 3d. write the partial products, which are shillings, under the 35s. These added together make 834s. which divided by 20 give 411. A. 411.14s.3d. 14s. and bringing 119 68 210) 83,4s. down the 3d. we have 411. 14s. 3d. for the whole cost. This method will prevent the ne cessity of dividing this rule into a variety of cases. By comparing the corresponding examples in the two columns, it will be seen that they mutually prove each other. 154. 1. If 6lb. of coffee cost 94. 4d. 2qr. how much is that per lb. ? If we divide the price of 6 lb. into 6 equal s. d. qr. 6) 94 2(1s. 6 12 6)40(63. 36 parts, one of those parts must be the price of 1lb. To do this we first seek how many times 6 in 9s. and write 1s. for the quotient. We then multiply and subtract as in Simple Division. We then multiply the remainder,3s.by 12, adding the 4d. (139) and divide the sum, 40d. by 6, which gives 6d. for a quotient, and 4 d. remain, which reduced to farthings, and the 2qrs. added, make 18qr. These divided by 6, give 3qr. for the quotient. Thus we find the price of 1lb. to be 1s. 6d. 3qr. 4 6)18(3qr. 18 2. If 47 yards of cloth cost 417. 14s. 3d. what is that per yard? l. s. d. 47) 41 14 3 (01. 20 47) 834s. (17s. 47 364 329 12 73 35 47) 423 (9d. 423 0 Here we divide the whole price by the whole quantity, as before. As 47 is not contained in the pounds, we place a cipher in the quotient and reduce the pounds to shillings, adding the 14s. Dividing 834s. by 47,we get 17s. in the quotient. The remainder, 35s. reduced to pence, and the 3d. added, give 423d. which divided by 47 give 9d. in the quotient. Thus we find the price of one yard to be 175, 90, QUESTIONS FOR 3. What will 6 cows cost at £4 6s. 8d. apiece? 4 What will 9cwt. of cheese cost at £1 11s. 5d. per cwt.? 5. What will 28 yards of broadcloth cost at 19s. 4d. per yard? 6. What will 96 quarters of rye cost at £1 3s. 4d. a qr.? 7. What will 47 yards of cloth cost at 17s. 9d. a yard? 8. How many yards in 17 pieces, each containing 29yds. 3qrs.? 9. What will 94 pair of stockings cost at 12s. 2d. a pair? 10. What will 512 bushels of wheat cost at 5s. 10d. a bushel? 11. If a span of horses eat 2 bu. 3 pks. of oats in one week, how many will they eat in 25 weeks? PRACTICE. 3. If 6 cows cost £26, how much is that apiece? 4. If 9cwt of cheese cost £14 28. 9d. how much is that per cwt.? 5. If 28yds. of broadcloth cost £27 1s. 4d. what is that a yard? 6. If 96qrs. of rye cost £112 how much is that a qr.? 7. If 47yds. of cloth cost £41 148. 3d. what is that a yard? 8. In 505yd. 3qr. how many pieces of 29yd. 3qr. each? 9. If 94 pair of stockings cost £57 3s. 8d. what is that a pair? 10. If 512 bushels of wheat cost £149 6s. 8d. what is that a bushel ? 11. If a span of horses eat 68bu. 3pk. of oats in 25 weeks, how much is that a week? |