Georgia-Savannah, cost $174,407. Alabama-Mobile, cost $393,564. Florida-Pensacola, cost $51,000. Louisiana-New Orleans, cost $2,948,259. Texas-Galveston, cost $114,359. Tennessee-Knoxville, cost $231; Nashville, cost $20,284. COURT HOUSES AND POST-OFFICES. South Carolina-Columbia, $66. MARINE HOSPITALS. North Carolina-Wilmington, cost $43,897. Alabama-Mobile, cost $54,540. Florida-Pensacola, cost $3,052; St. Marks, cost $25,700. Louisiana.-The Marine Hospital at New Orleans was in the United States barracks, as they were called. On the 14th of January, the Collector of the Port, Hatch, writes to Secretary Dix of the Treasury Department, that the barracks had been taken possession of by a company of Louisiana Infantry, in the name of the State, and he adds:-"I shall take steps to remove those invalids at an early day, if necessary, and with due respect to economy." Secretary Dix sent by telegraph the following reply: Apply to the Governor of Louisiana to revoke Captain Bradford's order. Remonstrate with the Governor against the inhumanity of turning the sick out of the hospital. If he refuses to interfere, have them removed under the care of the resident surgeon, and do all in your power to provide for their comfort. On the next day, the 27th, he writes to the Collector denouncing this seizure in these emphathic terms: I did not receive, until the 26th instant, yours of the 14th instant informing me that the United States barracks below the city of New Orleans, which have for several months been occupied as a Marine Hospital, have been taken possession of in the name of the State of Louisiana. I found enclosed a copy of the letter by Captain Bradford, of the First Louisiana Infantry, advising you that he had taken possession of the barracks, and that they would be required for the Louisiana troops now being enlisted, and requesting you to immediately remove those patients who are convalescent, and, as soon as, in the opinion of the resident surgeon, it may be practicable and humane, those also who are now confined to their beds. He also states that the barracks contained two hundred and sixteen invalids and convalescent patients. Looking on this transaction as an outrage on the public authority, I have no comment to make; but I cannot believe that a proceeding so discordant with the character of the people of the United States, and so revolting to the civilization of the age, has had the sanction of the Governor of the State of Louisiana. I sent a telegraphic despatch to you yesterday, desiring you to remonstrate with him against the inhumanity of Captain Bradford's order, and to ask him to revoke it; but if he should decline to interfere, I instructed you in regard to the removal and treatment of the sick, aud in that I trust that you will carry out my direc tions, not merely with economy, but with a careful regard to their helpless condition. Subsequently on the same day, the Collector by telegraph said: "The Marine Hospital affair has been satisfactorily arranged. The barrack are retained." Mississippi-Vicksburg, cost $67,525. MISCELLANEOUS. Louisiana-Boarding Station at Pass a l'Outre, Cost $12,000; do. South West Pass, $3,500; Warehouses at Quarantine Station, New Or leans, cost $42,544. The following are the light-houses of the United States which were seized by the authorities of the seceding States. The lights were immediately extinguished and not re-lighted during the year. In some instances they were partially or totally destroyed. NAME LOCATION. LIGHT. VIRGINIA. Cape Henry.. Craney Island. Naval Hospital.. White Shoal.. Point of Shoals........ Deep Water Shoals........... Jordan's Point......... York Spit light-vessel... Wolf Trap light-vessel..... On south side of the main entrance to Chesapeake Bay. On the west side of the channel, near the mouth of Elizabeth River. On wharf at Naval Hospital... Below Sandy Point, on the lower end of the shoal, and on the starboard side of the main channel of the James River going up. On the point of shoals, about the centre of the curve of the James River forming Burwell's Bay, a little below Mulberry Island Point, and on the starboard side of the main channel going up. On the shoal, starboard side of channel going up James River, above Mulberry Island Point, and below Lyon's Creek. On the point, on the port side of the river going up James River. Off York Spit, York River, Chesapeake Bay.. On the north side of the entrance to Mobjack Bay, west side of Chesapeake Bay. On the east side of the Wolf Trap Shoal, between the York and Rappahannock Rivers. NORTH CAROLINA. Body's Island.............. Royal Shoal light-vessel....... Brant Island Shoal light-vessel.... Long Shoal light-vessel. Roanoke Marshes.. Croatan.. Wade's Point....... Roanoke River light-vessel.. Bogue Banks... Beacon.. Federal Point.. About one mile east of Stingray Point, south side of To guide clear of Bowler's Rock, Rappahannock About 32 miles to the northward of Cape Hatteras One-fourth of a mile from the southern extremity of Near the entrance to Ocracoke Inlet, about 23 nau- On southwest point of Royal Shoal, 9 miles from On the northwest point of Royal Shoal, in Pamlico On Harbor Island bar, between Pamlico and Core In southern part of Pamlico Sound... Off Marsh Point, at the mouth of Neuse River.. On point of shoal, on the west side of Pasquotank Near the mouth of the river.. Near the extremity of the Cape. At Fort Macon, Beaufort. Main light in rear, and On the north side of the inlet, north entrance to Frying-Pan Shoals light-vessel.... In 10 fathoms water, off the end of the Frying-Pan Shoals, off Cape Fear, one mile beyond the outer Fixed. 7 36 36 1858 66 10 66 5 .. : 84 1834 1885 Cape Fear....... Oak Island....... Price's Creek... Horse-Shoe Shoal light-vessel..... Placed to mark Horse-Shoe Shoal, between New In On west bank of Cape Fear River, near Price's 16 92 177 1818 9 20 37 1849 16 25 1850 On Raccoon Key, about six miles from the extremity Revolving. 23 150 150 1857 of the shoals off the cape, and 10 miles southwest Amelia Island.. Beacon.. North Beacons... St. John's River..... Dame's Point light-boat.. Cape Canaveral.. Cape Florida.. Egmont. Cape St. George... Cape San Blas.. Fort McRae Beacons.. ALABAMA. Sand Island... Beacon No. 1..... Beacon No. 2... Mobile Point...... Beacon No. 8.. Beacon No. 4.... Choctaw Point.... On the south side of the entrance to St. Mary's Revolving. 17 50 104 15 In front of main light; to range with channel...... Near mouth of the St. John's River, and south side Off Dame's Point, in the St. John's River........ On the north end of Anastasia Island, and south side On northeast pitch of Cape Canaveral.. Reefs. On south point of Key Biscayne, off the southeast On Egmont Key, entrance to Tampa Bay.. On the east side of the middle entrance to St. On Cape St. George, about 2 miles to the eastward On a low sand island, about 8 miles S.S. W. of Mobile On the south point of Sand Island, making a range bile. On the east point of Sand Island, Mobile...... 8 8: Fixed. ii 35 14 63 ་ On Choctaw Point, a little south of the city of Mo- 11 43 45 1551 NAME. LOCATION. LIGHT. Distance Visible in Height of Tower to Height of Light Nautical Miles, When Built. At the mouth of Pass Manchac, between Lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain. 66 15 69 77 1855 On north side of entrance of Pass à l'Outre, on Middle Ground Island, Mississippi River. On southwest side of Gordon's Island, near the en- Revolving. 13 54 60 1881 trance of the south pass of the Mississippi River. On Deer Island, at the junction of the southwest and northeast passes of the Mississippi River. On the west side, near the entrance to southwest pass of the Mississippi River. On Timbalier Island, west side of entrance into the bay. On Ship Shoal, off Raccoon Point.. At the entrance of Atchafalaya Bay. On the south point of Marsh Island, one of the Shell On Brant Point, east side of entrance to the Sabine Fixed. 5 44 15 18 Revolving. 16 125 110 1859 Fixed. 12 40 49 1859 15 81 71 1859 75 85 1856 To mark channel across Red Fish Bar, Galveston On north side of the mouth of the Bayou Saluria, in To mark channel across Clopper's Bar, Galveston Bay. Fixed. 6 82 79 96 1852 33 1858 On the southern extremity of Half-Moon Reef, in 18 55 60 1855 85 1852 Saluria..... Half-Moon Reef.... Swash.... Aransas Pass.. . Padre Island Beacon.. Point Isabel..... Opposite Alligator Head, Matagorda Bay.. On the north side of the entrance to Brazos Santiago, Texas. At Point Isabel, Brazos Santiago, Texas...... FRANCE, a country of Western Europe, bounded on the northwest and west by the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay, on the northeast by Belgium and Rhenish Prussia, on the east by Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, on the south by the Mediterranean and Spain, the Pyrenees separating it from the latter. Its area, including its recent accessions of territory, is 213,241 square miles. Its population in 1861 was, in round numbers, 37,000,000. It is divided into 89 departments, each under the government of a prefect and a body of deputies from its communes. The Government of France is an empire; the emperor is not absolute, but shares the law-making power with a legislative body, composed of a Senate and a House of Deputies, the latter elected by the people. The emperor is Napoleon III., the second son of Louis Bonaparte and Hortense Beauharnais, the daughter of Josephine; elected president in 1850, he made himself emperor in Dec. 1852, and his assumption of the imperial power was ratified by popular suffrage soon after. To a correct understanding of the condition of France, and the progress of events there in 1861, a brief statement of some of the occurrences of the previous year is necessary. There were at the commencement of the year five questions of policy which agitated the French 16 57 82 1852 people, all of them resulting from the measures of the Government adopted the preceding year. The first was the difficulties growing out of the cession of Savoy and Nice by Sardinia to France, as a compensation for the assistance which the latter had rendered the former in the Italian war of 1859. Against this cession Switzerland protested, from the apprehension that it would produce disturbances in her cantons adjacent; Prussia, from the fear that the plea of giving a natural boundary to France would be hereafter made the apology for a demand for her Rhenish provinces; and other States of Europe, from the belief that the balance of power would be disturbed. These protests had been met by the reply that the cession had been made by the Sardinian Government, and ratified by the Sardinian Chamber by a vote of 229 out of 285 members; that the people of both provinces were almost unanimously in favor of it, as was manifested by their suffrage of the 12th June, 1860; that the relations hitherto existing between Sardinia and Switzerland were by the terms of the treaty of cession to be maintained, and finally that the emperor had no intention of aggression upon any of the continental powers, and that he was himself deeply interested in the maintenance of the balance of power. A second question of importance was that of the occupation of Syria by the French troops, in order to suppress the insurrection and bloody massacres of the summer of 1860. The promptness with which France had made this movement, and the apparent cordiality with which it was regarded by Russia, and submitted to by the Ottoman Porte, had excited the jealousy of the English Government, which foresaw in this enterprise, undertaken, as the French Government protested, solely from motives of humanity, and in the interest of a common Chris tianity against Moslem fanaticism, a purpose to exclude her from a participation in Turkish affairs, and a design to divide the tottering empire of Turkey with the czar. France pledged herself to the great powers to withdraw her troops from Syria in June, 1861, and did so; but not without making the attempt to establish a Government for Lebanon under the administration of a Christian prince, and protected by the European powers. This attempt ⚫proved unsuccessful. A third question of deep interest was the change in the relations between England and France, which had excited on the part of the former a feeling of uneasiness and distrust, which was not without serious consequences. The interview of Napoleon III. with the prince-regent of Prussia, and the kings of Bavaria and Hanover, at Baden, on the 15th June, 1860, partially but not fully dissipated the apprehensions with which the Germanic States had previously regarded the French Government; while the prodigious activity and preparations for war, which were manifest throughout France-preparations which the British Government regarded as only menacing them, and which imposed on them, as they believed, the necessity of equally extensive preparations for defence, increased the anxiety of the States of Central Europe. This disquietude was not diminished by the skilful diplomacy by which the French emperor, without being himself present, turned to his own account the meeting between the czar of Russia, the emperor of Austria, and the prince-regent of Prussia, securing the friendship and sympathy of the czar, and causing him to repel the advances of the Austrian and Prussian Governments; and though Napoleon III., in an autograph letter to Persigny, disclaimed most heartily any hostile intention towards Great Britain, it was long before the British Government seemed satisfied with his protestations. Meantime a commercial treaty negotiated with Great Britain, mainly through the efforts of Lord Cowley and Mr. Cobden, in the autumn of 1860, and to take effect in June, 1861, was destined to change to a great extent the commercial relations of the two countries, and gave rise to great excitement throughout France, and to serious apprehensions in the minds of many of the manufacturers, in relation to its effect upon their business; apprehensions, how ever, which the result has proved futile. This treaty admitted a large portion of the manufactures of each country into the other, free of duty, and nearly all the remainder at a greatly reduced tariff. Among the results of this treaty, which was not finally ratified till Feb. 4, 1861, has been the resumption of a more cordial state of feeling between the two Governments. But the most important and embarrassing of all the questions of the time, at the beginning of the year, were the relations of France with Italy, and the preservation of the temporal sovereignty of the pope. In 1860, Garibaldi had conquered, and through the instrumentality of Cavour, turned over to Victor Emanuel the kingdom of the Two Sicilies; Tuscany Parma, Modena, and the Emilian provinces, had annexed themselves to Sardinia; Napoleon III. had stationed his fleet at Gaeta to prevent the Sardinian Government from assailing the last stronghold of Francis II. from the sea, until events had proved the inability of the young nonarch to maintain any portion of his ancient kingdom; Lamoriciere, hitherto a French general, had accepted service under the pope, and had, by passionate appeals to the faithful everywhere, succeeded in organizing an army in defence of the Papal Government, but had been defeated and routed in a battle with Cialdini, the Sardinian general, who had invaded the States of the Church. A papal bull, impersonal indeed, in form, but evidently aimed alike at the king of Sardinia and the French emperor, had been issued. The collection of Peter's pence, for the aid of the Papal Government, had been undertaken, in accordance with a rescript from the pope, throughout Catholic Christendom; and the French troops, which at the pope's request had left Rome when Lamoriciere had organized his army, were recalled at his urgent appeal, and now occupied the city; and all diplomatic relations between France and Sardinia had ceased. These events had excited the liveliest interest in France. There were in that country a variety of parties, of which that sustaining the Administration was perhaps the most numerous; but the clergy, a powerful body, and hitherto favorable to the Govern ment, were nearly unanimous in defending the temporal sovereignty of the pope, and in their denunciation of the course of Victor Emanuel. The Bourbon and Orleans parties inclined in the same direction; while the liberals and the various shades of the Republican parties demanded that the Government should aid and complete the unity of the kingdom of Italy under the Sardinian king. The situation of the emperor was embarrassing; the clergy, and especially the higher clergy, grew daily more violent in their attacks upon the Government; the bishops issued charges and pastoral letters in their dioceses, accusing the emperor of infidelity, and emboldened by their impunity hurled their denunciations against him with constantly increasing bitterness. An anony mous pamphlet, published towards the end of February, 1861, which from many circum stances was supposed to have been inspired by the emperor, entitled, "La France, Rome |