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The

Rome;

50

Nec volo, nec possum: ranarum viscera numquam
Inspexi. Ferre ad nuptam, quae mittit adulter, 45
Quae mandat, norint alii; me nemo ministro
Fur erit, atque ideo nulli comes exeo, tamquam
Mancus et extinctae corpus non utile dextrae.
Quis nunc diligitur, nisi conscius et cui fervens
Aestuat occultis animus semperque tacendis?
Nil tibi se debere putat, nil conferet umquam,
Participem qui te secreti fecit honesti.
Carus erit Verri, qui Verrem tempore, quo vult,
Accusare potest. Tanti tibi non sit opaci
Omnis arena Tagi quodque in mare volvitur aurum,
Ut somno careas, ponendaque praemia sumas
Tristis, et a magno semper timearis amico.

54

59

Quae nunc divitibus gens acceptissima nostris
Greeks at Et quos praecipue fugiam, properabo fateri,
Nec pudor obstabit. Non possum ferre, Quirites,
Graecam urbem. (Quamvis quota portio faecis
Achaei ?

Jam pridem Syrus in Tiberim defluxit Orontes,
Et linguam et mores, et cum tibicine chordas

"To promise the heir his father's
speedy death;" i. e. by astrological
calculations or divinations. Cf. Sat.
xiv. 248.

45. inspexi] i. e. in order to extract their venom. "I am no poisondealer." Ranarum means the 'rubeta.' See Sat. i. 70.

47. nulli comes exeo] "I now quit the city, as having no part in it." 48.] A Greek construction: "in respect of its withered right hand." For the more obvious abl. absolute.

49. nisi conscius] "unless in some secret." All accomplices in a crime, whether as principals, or by possessing the secret, were in Latin "conscii." Any one of such persons, as such, was "conscius." See Virg. Aen. ii. 99, "et quaerere conscius arma:" scil. 'coepit Ulysses.'

53.] The Verres impeached by Cicero for his maladministration in Sicily; here used for any criminal. 54. opaci] dusky with the particles of gold.

61. Graecam urbem]

"Rome

turned Greek."

66

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ib. quota portio] Quotus' is the numeral interrogative in Latin, always answered by an ordinal: e. g. quota hora ?" answer "sexta. Hence arise two classes of idiom. (1) As the Romans, like the Greeks, often expressed the cardinal numbers by the use of an ordinal (e. g. Tεuπτὸς αὐτός- four besides himself "), "quotus" followed the same usage. Thus in Hor. Ep. i. 5. 30,

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quotus esse velis,"-"how many shall there be besides yourself?" (2) In phrases like the text, where quota' is joined with ' pars' or 'portio,' and the answer would be an ordinal, determining the fraction. Where it is meant to imply that the fraction would be next to nothing, the question asked by 'quota' is left unanswered, and it is equivalent to "how small a part it is."

ib. quota portio faecis Achaei "Although in fact how small a part is of the dregs of Greece!" The ingredients are far worse.

Obliquas, nec non gentilia tympana, secum Vexit, et ad Circum jussas prostare puellas. Ite, quibus grata est picta lupa barbara mitra.) their in- Rusticus ille tuus sumit trechedipna, Quirine, fluence, Et ceromatico fert niceteria collo.

Hic alta Sicyone, ast hic Amydone relicta,

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69

Hic Andro, ille Samo, hic Trallibus aut Alabandis,
Esquilias dictumque petunt a vimine collem,
Viscera magnarum domuum, dominique futuri.
Ingenium velox, audacia perdita, sermo

versatile Promptus, et Isaeo torrentior. Ede, quid illum genius, Esse putes: quem vis hominem, secum adtulit

ad nos:

75

Grammaticus, rhetor, geometres, pictor, aliptes,
Augur, schoenobates, medicus, magus: omnia novit
Graeculus esuriens: in coelum jusseris, ibit.

Ad summam, non Maurus erat neque Sarmata nec
Thrax,

80

Qui sumsit pennas, mediis sed natus Athenis.
Horum ego non fugiam conchylia? Me prior ille

63, 64.1"Their tongue, their morals, and their music." Chordas obliquas," their slanting harpstrings." The eastern harp (sambuca) had come into general use by this time. It was a large instrument, played on the ground, and resembling that with which we are familiar, or perhaps more like the rude Welsh harp. This explains the " obliquas," as the strings of a harp of course slant from the top to the bottom. This would strike a Roman eye particularly, the familiarlyra' having straight strings. "Chordas obliquas" cannot possibly mean the triangularshaped τρίγωνον, which is often mentioned with the sambuca.'

64. gentilia] national.

65. ad Circum] The Circus Maximus, between the Palatine and Aventine hills. It was a low resort. See Sat. vi. 588. Women of the town hired vaults under the cavea' there.

66. lupa] "harlot." ('Ite,' 'there ye should go, who-.')

67.] "Has turned parasite ('sumit

treched.') and (68) gladiator." The Greek terms are designedly emploved. See Dict. 'trech.,' &c.

71. dictumque-collem] The Viminal hill; so called from the osiers, with which it was anciently covered. 74, 75.] 'Specify what you think he (i. e. a Greek) is; he will show you he is fifty other things."

66

"

76. aliptes] bath-attendant;" lit. anointer. See on 1. 262, 263.

77. schoenobates] i. e. 'funambulus.' See Sat. xiv. 266.

80. qui sumsit pennas] Daedalus. Juvenal follows Plutarch in making him an Athenian; by other accounts he was born at Crete, where he principally resided.

81. conchylia] " purples." Literally, the shell-fish from which the colour was obtained. The sense is, "Shall I not quit Rome, now these have become the great people there?"

81, 82. prior signabit-recumbet] i. e. take precedence of me on every occasion. 'Signabit as witness to any document.

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Signabit? fultusque toro meliore recumbet, Advectus Romam, quo pruna et cottana vento? Usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia coelum Hausit Aventinum, bacca nutrita Sabina ? and syco- Quid, quod adulandi gens prudentissima laudat hancy Sermonem indocti, faciem deformis amici,

nothing

85

Et longum invalidi collum cervicibus aequat
Herculis, Antaeum procul a tellure tenentis.
Haec eadem licet et nobis laudare: sed illis
Creditur. An melior, quum Thaida sustinet, an,
quum

Uxorem comoedus agit, vel Dorida nullo

Cultam palliolo? Mulier nempe ipsa videtur. 95
Nec tantum Antiochus, nec erit mirabilis illic
Aut Stratocles, aut cum molli Demetrius Haemo:
Natio comoeda est. Rides? majore cachinno 100
Concutitur: flet, si lacrumas conspexit amici,
Nec dolet: igniculum brumae si tempore poscas,
Accipit endromiden: si dixeris "aestuo," sudat.
Non sumus ergo pares; melior, qui semper et omni
Nocte dieque potest alienum sumere vultum, 105
A facie jactare manus, laudare paratus.

Scire volunt secreta domus, atque inde timeri.
Et quando coepit Graecorum mentio, transi
Gymnasia, atque audi facinus majoris abollae. 115
Stoicus occidit Baream, delator amicum,

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121

Discipulumque senex, ripa nutritus in illa, Ad quam Gorgonei delapsa est penna caballi. Non est Romano cuiquam locus hic, ubi regnat Protogenes aliquis, vel Diphilus, aut Erimarchus Qui gentis vitio numquam partitur amicum, Solus habet. Nam quum facilem stillavit in aurem Exiguum de naturae patriaeque veneno, Limine submoveor: perierunt tempora longi Servitii. Nusquam minor est jactura clientis. 125 Quod porro officium, ne nobis blandiar, aut quod Pauperis hic meritum, si curet nocte togatus poverty. Currere, quum Praetor lictorem impellat et ire Praecipitem jubeat, dudum vigilantibus orbis,

Discou

rage

Ne prior Albinam et Modiam collega salutet? 130
Divitis hic servi claudit latus ingenuorum
Filius: alter enim, quantum in legione Tribuni
Accipiunt, donat Calvinae vel Catienae.

Da testem Romae tam sanctum, quam fuit hospes

rea Soranus, and his daughter Servilia, the former of seditious practices in Asia, the latter of consulting the Magi on her father's behalf. They were both executed, and Egnatius handsomely paid. He was afterwards brought to justice under Vespasian for this transaction. Barea had formerly been his pupil.

117, 118. ripa caballi] i. e. at Tarsus. The town is said to have derived its name from a feather which fell from the wing of Pegasus. See Liddell and Scott's Gr. Lex. Tapoós, ii. 3. Pegasus is called Gorgonei caballi,' because he sprung from the blood of the Gorgon Medusa, after Perseus had killed her.

119-125.] "As to paying court to great men, these foreigners leave us no chance."

120. Protog. &c. .] Names of well-known sycophants.

123. exiguum de] "A small drop of," &c.

125. minor] Of less importance. 126-130.] He now quits the subject of the foreigners. Even if they were away, what opening is there for a poor man to court the

wealthy? Even the praetors contend for their favours." There were at this time seventeen praetors in the city.

129. orbis] widows;" the dia' of 1. 130. and note there.

6

Here, "childless Albina' and 'MoCf. Sat. iv. 18. 22;

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ib. dudum vig.] as they have been awake some hours." mode of paying court to the wealthy was to send, the first thing in the morning, and inquire after their health (salutet,' 1. 130).

131.] A new ground of complaint. "Nothing will now go down at Rome but riches." Claudit latus," "gives the wall to." " In Horace's words (Sat. ii. 5. 17), "walks as comes exterior' to;"-equivalent to tegam latus,' 1. 18.

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132. alter] The rich slave.

132, 133.] Under the empire, there were six tribunes to each legion, who received 48 asses apiece per diem. The pay of the common soldier was 12 asses. 133. Calvinae vel Cat.] His mistresses.

137, 138. hospes numinis Idaei]

140

146

Numinis Idaei: procedat vel Numa, vel qui
Servavit trepidam flagranti ex aede Minervam :
Protenus ad censum, de moribus ultima fiet
Quaestio. Quot pascit servos? quot possidet agri
Jugera? quam multa magnaque paropside coenat?
Quantum quisque sua nummorum servat in arca,
Tantum habet et fidei. Jures licet et Samothracum
Et nostrorum aras: contemnere fulmina pauper
Creditur atque deos, dîs ignoscentibus ipsis.
Quid, quod materiam praebet causasque jocorum
Omnibus hic idem, si foeda et scissa lacerna,
Si toga sordidula est, et rupta calceus alter
Pelle patet; vel si consuto vulnere crassum
Atque recens linum ostendit non una cicatrix.
Nil habet infelix paupertas durius in se,
Quam quod ridiculos homines facit. Exeat, inquit,
Si pudor est, et de pulvino surgat equestri,
Cujus res legi non sufficit, et sedeant hic

P. C. Scipio Nasica, who was selected
as the most virtuous citizen of his
time, to receive the statue of Cybele
on its arrival at Ostia, B.C. 204.
The statue was formerly at Pessinus
in Galatia, but was moved to Rome
by command of the Sibylline books,
during the war with Hannibal. It
was first placed in the temple of
Victory, on the Palatine. Afterwards
a temple of Cybele was erected there,
and the festival of the Megalesia in-
stituted in her honour. See Livy
xxix. 14; xxxiv. 10.

138, 139. vel qui-Minervam] L. Caecilius Metellus. The temple of Vesta at Rome contained an image of Minerva, which the Romans held to be the original Trojan Palladium. When the temple was burnt, B.C. 241, Metellus rescued the image, but lost his eyesight in doing so.

These

144, 145. Samothracum-aras] i e. those of the Cabiri. were certain divinities worshipped in Samothrace, Lemnos, and Imbros. Their nature and attributes are extremely obscure. Originally they appear to have been, like the

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Corybantes and Curetes, attendants only on the inferior gods, especially on Cybele. Gradually their worship became confounded with hers, and, still more commonly, with that of Demeter and Persephone. In a still later mythology, the Cabiri were worshipped as identical with the Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux), and like them, protectors of travellers by land and sea. The Roman writers, on the other hand, supported their claim to be the "Penates," carried by Dardanus to Samothrace, and thence brought by Aeneas to Italy. The chief seat of their cult, however, continued to be Samothrace, where "mysteries" were celebrated in their honour. From the connexion with Demeter above referred to it is probable that these may have been an imitation of the μvoτýpia of Eleusis.

146. ignoscentibus] Pardoning (because they do not care); “ignoring." The thread with

151. linum] which it is darned.

154, 155–159. de pulvino-sufficit

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