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Tentyra victorious.

Si vivunt omnes? Ergo acrior impetus, et jam
Saxa inclinatis per humum quaesita lacertis
Incipiunt torquere, domestica seditioni

64

Tela; nec hunc lapidem, quales et Turnus et Ajax,
Vel quo Tydides percussit pondere coxam
Aeneae; sed quem valeant emittere dextrae
Illis dissimiles, et nostro tempore natae.
Nam genus hoc vivo jam decrescebat Homero.
Terra malos homines nunc educat atque pusillos.
Ergo deus, quicumque adspexit, ridet et odit.

71

A deverticulo repetatur fabula. Postquam Subsidiis aucti, pars altera promere ferrum Audet, et infestis pugnam instaurare sagittis ; Terga fugae celeri praestantibus omnibus, instant Qui vicina colunt umbrosae Tentyra palmae. Labitur hic quidam, nimia formidine cursum of a pri- Praecipitans, capiturque: ast illum in plurima

Melancholy fate

soner.

sectum

Frusta ac particulas, ut multis mortuus unus
Sufficeret, totum corrosis ossibus edit

Victrix turba: nec ardenti decoxit aëno

76

80

Aut verubus; longum usque adeo tardumque putavit
Exspectare focos, contenta cadavere crudo.

Thoughts (Hic gaudere libet, quod non violaverit ignem,

62. acrior] sub. “fit.”

65. Turnus] See Aen. xii. 896— 902, saxum circumspicit ingens, Saxum antiquum, ingens, campo quod forte jacebat, Limes agro positus, litem ut discerneret arvis: Vix illud lecti bis sex cervice subirent, Qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellus; Ille manu raptum trepida torquebat in hostem."

ib. Ajax] See Hom. Il. vii 268, 269, Δεύτερος αὖτ ̓ Αἴας (i. e. in his contest with Hector) Toù uεíζονα λᾶαν ἀείρας, ἧκ ̓ ἐπιδινήσας.

66, 67. Tydides] See II. v. 302— 305. Ὁ δὲ χερμάδιον λάβε χειρὶ Τυδείδης, μέγα ἔργον, ὃ οὐ δύο γ' ἄνδρε φέροιεν, οἷοι νῦν βροτοί εἰσι. Virgil has copied this in the extract above given. The sufferer by this

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86

on canni- Quem summa coeli raptum de parte Prometheus
balism,
Donavit terris. Elemento gratulor, et te
Exsultare reor.) Sed qui mordere cadaver
Sustinuit, nil umquam hac carne libentius edit:
Nam scelere in tanto ne quaeras et dubites, an
Prima voluptatem gula senserit. Ultimus autem,
Qui stetit absumto jam toto corpore, ductis 91
Per terram digitis, aliquid de sanguine gustat.
involun- Vascones, ut fama est, alimentis talibus olim
tary,
Produxere animas: sed res diversa, sed illic
Fortunae invidia est, bellorumque ultima, casus
Extremi, longae dira obsidionis egestas.
Hujus enim, quod nunc agitur, miserabile debet
Exemplum esse cibi: sicut modo dicta mihi gens
Post omnes herbas, post cuncta animalia, quidquid
Cogebat vacui ventris furor, hostibus ipsis
Pallorem ac maciem et tenues miserantibus artus,
Membra aliena fame lacerabant, esse parati
Et sua. Quisnam hominum veniam dare, quisve

deorum

Viribus abnuerit dira atque immania passis,
Et quibus illorum poterant ignoscere manes,
Quorum corporibus vescebantur? Melius nos

86. elemento] scil. the fire.

96

100

105

gurris, was besieged by Pompey's

ib. te] Volusius: to whom the legate, Afranius, and defended to the satire is addressed.

87. sed "but the fact is."

88. sustinuit] "has once borne." "Mordere cadaver:" generally; not with reference to the particular case described in 1. 78-83.

88-90. nil-senserit] i. e. "the appetite quickly gets depraved. How the first morsel tasted is a different question."

90-92. ultimus- gustat] This seems to resume the narrative (of the cannibalism of the Tentyrites) from 1. 83, after the digression 1 84 -90. The apparent correspondence between "ultimus" and "prima" in 1. 90 is accidental only.

93. Vascones] They were a people of Hispania Tarraconensis. In the Sertorian war their chief city, Cala

last extremity. The inhabitants not only slaughtered their wives and children for food, but salted what was not consumed.

95, 96. invidia-ultima, casus —— egestus] All in apposition. 97, 98. hujus-cibi] "The instance I have just quoted (in Calagurris) of this human food is entitled to pity.'

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104, 105. passis, et quibus] i. e. viribus quae passae fuerant, et quibus... poterant ignoscere.' "Manes," sub. "eorum.

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106-112.] "It is true Zeno's precepts teach us better; for he considers that you may not do every thing to preserve life, only certain things. But how should a Cantabrian know Stoic philosophy, espe

and voluntary.

Zenonis praecepta monent: nec enim omnia, quae

dam

109

115

Pro vita facienda putat. Sed Cantaber unde
Stoicus, antiqui praesertim aetate Metelli?
Nunc totus Graias nostrasque habet orbis Athenas.
Gallia causidicos docuit facunda Britannos :
De conducendo loquitur jam rhetore Thule.
Nobilis ille tamen populus, quem diximus; et par
Virtute atque fide, sed major clade, Saguntus
Tale quid excusat. Maeotide saevior ara
Aegyptus. Quippe illa nefandi Taurica sacri
Inventrix, homines (ut jam, quae carmina tradunt,
Digna fide credas) tantum immolat, ulterius nil
Aut gravius cultro timet hostia. Quis modo casus
Impulit hos, quae tanta fames, infestaque vallo 120
Arma coegerunt, tam detestabile monstrum
Audere? Anne aliam, terra Memphitide sicca,
Invidiam facerent nolenti surgere Nilo?

66

cially in the time of Metellus?
Now-a-days, the schoolmaster is
abroad." The Stoics taught that
virtue was the sole good, so that
every thing else, even life itself, must
be given up for it.
110. Athenas] metaphoricè for
"literature.' Graias nostrasque,"
"both of Greece and Rome."
111.] Sat. i. 44, note.
113. ille-populus] The Vascones.
115.] The reference is to the well-
known siege of Saguntum by Han-
nibal (Liv. xxi. 14, 15). The Sa-
guntines were not driven to feed on
human flesh, like the people of Cala-
gurris, but the principal inhabitants
voluntarily perished by fire rather
than submit. Hence "major clade,"
1. 114. The tale quid," 1. 118, is
therefore "a similar act.'

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ib.] "Whereas Aegypt is." &c. For" Maeotide ara," see Eurip. Iphig. Taur. 34-41. All Greeks landing on the Tauric Chersonese were sacrificed to Artemis. Iphigenia had been transported there from Aulis; a stag being substituted for her by Artemis. Iphigenia was appointed

priestess of the Tauric temple, and
in that capacity was called upon to
sacrifice Orestes and Pylades, who
Her re-
had landed on the coast.
cognition of them forms the subject
of the tragedy of Euripides.
116-119. quippe-hostia]
"Inas-
much as that Tauric inventor (*ara,'
sub.) of an inhuman sacrifice only
killed men. The victims had not to
look forward to being eaten.

"Could

120. hos] The Tentyrites. 122, 123. anne - Nilo] they, with the soil of Memphis all parched (the result of the nolenti surgere Nilo' in the next line), make any more forcible appeal to the Nile if it refused to rise ?" The phrase facere invidiam alicui' is frequent in the best Latinity for " making a person odious." As applied to matters of religion, it acquired a special meaning, that of presenting such a forcible remonstrance to the gods, by the exhibition of grief or suffering, as would put them in the wrong if they refused to comply with it. It thus became simply equivalent to "appeal to," which will usually trans

Qua nec terribiles Cimbri nec Britones umquam, Sauromataeve truces aut immanes Agathyrsi, 125 Hac saevit rabie imbelle et inutile vulgus, Parvula fictilibus solitum dare vela phaselis, Et brevibus pictae remis incumbere testae. Nec poenam sceleri invenies, nec digna parabis 129 Supplicia his populis, in quorum mente pares sunt Human Et similes ira atque fames. Mollissima corda sympathy Humano generi dare se Natura fatetur,

outraged.

Quae lacrumas dedit: haec nostri pars optima

sensus.

Plorare ergo jubet casum lugentis amici
Squaloremque rei, pupillum ad jura vocantem 135
Circumscriptorem, cujus manantia fletu

Ora puellares faciunt incerta capilli.

Naturae imperio gemimus, quum funus adultae
Virginis occurrit, vel terra clauditur infans

139

Et minor igne rogi. Quis enim bonus et face dignus
Arcana, qualem Cereris vult esse sacerdos,
Ulla aliena sibi credat mala? Separat hoc nos
A grege mutorum, atque ideo venerabile soli

late it in this use. See Lucan, ii.
35, 36, "Divisere deos: et nullis
defuit aris Invidiam factura parens."
See also Ovid, Met. iv. 546, 547,
Utque parum justae, nimiumque
in pellice saevae, Invidiam fecere
deae." The meaning here is there-
fore obvious: "Could they, if the
country were threatened with the
worst of evils (a famine from the
Nile not rising), appeal to the river
with a more terrible sacrifice?"

127, 128. fictilibus; pictae-testae] L. 128 merely amplifies the preceding. These clay-boats are mentioned by Strabo. Probably Juvenal had in mind the description of Egypt given by Virg. Georg. iv. 287-289, qua Pellaei gens fortunata Canopi Accolit effuso stagnantem flumine Nilum, Et circum pictis vehitur sua rura phaselis."

135. squalorem rei] The Romans put on mourning when themselves or their friends were accused. One form of mourning consisted in wear

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ing the dress and hair disordered.
Hence "squalorem" here. Cf. Sat.
iii. 212,"horrida mater.'
136. circumscriptorem] See note
on Sat. i. 47.

ib. cujus] The ward.
137. faciunt incerta] "make doubt-
ful to which sex they belong."

140. minor] "too young for."

140, 141. face-arcana] i. e. to be initiated in the Eleusinian mysteries. On the fifth day of the solemnity the uúoral went in procession, bearing torches, to the temple of Demeter. This was symbolical of her search for Persephone.

141. qualem sacerdos] The construction is "qualem sacerdos Cereris vult eum esse qui initiandus sit."

142.] "Ulla mala" is the subject; "aliena," the predicate. Cf. Terence's well-known line, "Homo sum; humani nihil a me alienum puto."

143. mutorum] "beasts."

Sortiti ingenium, divinorumque capaces
Atque exercendis capiendisque artibus apti 145
Sensum a coelesti demissum traximus arce,
Cujus egent prona et terram spectantia. Mundi
Principio indulsit communis conditor illis

Tantum animas, nobis animum quoque, mutuus ut

nos

155

Affectus petere auxilium et praestare juberet, 150
Dispersos trahere in populum, migrare vetusto
De nemore, et proavis habitatas linquere silvas;
Aedificare domos, Laribus conjungere nostris
Tectum aliud, tutos vicino limine somnos
Ut collata daret fiducia; protegere armis
Lapsum aut ingenti nutantem vulnere civem,
Communi dare signa tuba, defendier îsdem
Turribus, atque una portarum clave teneri.
Sed jam serpentum major concordia. Parcit
Cognatis maculis similis fera. Quando leoni
Fortior eripuit vitam leo? quo nemore umquam
Expiravit aper majoris dentibus apri?
Indica tigris agit rabida cum tigride pacem
Perpetuam saevis inter se convenit ursis.
Ast homini ferrum letale incude nefanda
Produxisse parum est, (quum rastra et sarcula
tantum

160

165

Adsueti coquere, et, marris ac vomere lassi,
Nescierint primi gladios excudere fabri :)
Adspicimus populos, quorum non sufficit irae 169
Occidisse aliquem: sed pectora, brachia, vultum
Crediderint genus esse cibi. Quid diceret ergo,
Vel quo non fugeret, si nunc haec monstra videret
Pythagoras, cunctis animalibus abstinuit qui
Tamquam homine, et ventri indulsit non omne
legumen ?

143. venerabile] Capable of feeling veneration. So Virg. Aen. x. 481, "Adspice, num mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum.”

144. divinorum (quasi rei divinae']"religion."

147. prona-spectantia] scil. ‘animalia.'

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159. major] sub. "nostra. 160. cognatis m.] "one of the same breed." Lit. the spots on the hide. 166. quum] although."

6.

167. lassi] Tired with manufacturing them.

174. et legumen] See note on Sat. iii. 229.

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