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105

Porticus exsistunt, qui promittunt hecatomben,
Quatenus hic non sunt nec venales elephanti,
Nec Latio aut usquam sub nostro sidere talis
Belua concipitur; sed furva gente petita
Arboribus Rutulis et Turni pascitur agro,
Caesaris armentum, nulli servire paratum
Privato siquidem Tyrio parere solebant
Hannibali et nostris ducibus regique Molosso
Horum majores et dorso ferre cohortes,

Partem aliquam belli, et euntem in proelia turrim.
Nulla igitur mora per Novium, mora nulla per
Histrum

Pacuvium, quin illud ebur ducatur ad aras,
Et cadat ante Lares Gallitae, victima sacra
Tantis digna deis et captatoribus horum.
Alter enim, si concedas mactare, vovebit

101-104.] "People come forward who vow their hecatomb; hecatomb of oaen (ἑκατὸν βοῦς), that is, since elephants are not to be had. They would vow them if they

were.

99

102-104. quatenus-concipitur] The construction is "Quatenus hic non sunt elephanti, nec venales, nec Latio," &c. "Inasmuch as there are no elephants to be had here, neither imported for sale, nor indigenous." Instead of the adjective which should be coupled with "venales by the second "nec," the sentence passes (in 1. 103. 104) into the finite construction," nec-concipitur." If 1. 102 would have scanned without it, the first "nec would probably never have been inserted.

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104-107. sed privato] Elephants were imported by the emperors for the procession of the Ludi Magni; see on Sat. x 36-46. They were strictly preserved in the woods near Ardea; hence "Rutulis; Turni -agro," 1. 105. See Virg. Aen. vii. 409-413, "Dea tollitur alis Audacis Rutuli ad muros . . . . locus Ardea quondam Dictus avis; et nunc magnum manet Ardea nomen, Sed Fortuna fuit. Tectis hic Tur

111

115

nus in altis Jam mediam nigra carpebat nocte quietem."

104. furva gente] i. e. from the Moors. Cf. Sat. xi. 125. 107. siquidem] 66 inasmuch as." Thus giving the reason for their being Caesaris armentum.'

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108. regi Molosso] i. e. Pyrrhus. His elephants, which were the first the Romans had seen, decided the battle of Heraclea, B.C. 280, against the Romans. Molosso is for Epirotae, as Molossia was a province of Epirus. 110. aliquam] very considerable;" a frequent meaning of the word.

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120

De grege servorum magna et pulcerrima quaeque
Corpora, vel pueris et frontibus ancillarum
Imponet vittas, et, si qua est nubilis illi
Iphigenia domi, dabit hanc altaribus, etsi
Non sperat tragicae furtiva piacula cervae.
Laudo meum civem, nec comparo testamento
Mille rates: nam si Libitinam evaserit aeger,
Delebit tabulas, inclusus carcere nassae,
Post meritum sane mirandum, atque omnia soli
Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit. Ille superbus 125
Incedet victis rivalibus. Ergo vides, quam
Grande operae pretium faciat jugulata Mycenis.
Vivat Pacuvius, quaeso, vel Nestora totum:
Possideat, quantum rapuit Nero: montibus aurum
Exaequet; nec amet quemquam, nec ametur ab
ullo!

118-120.] The well-known story of Iphigenia's sacrifice by Agamemnon, and the substitution of the stag. See Eurip. Iph. Aul. 1540 1589.

120. tragicae-cervae] "the stag of tragedy." Referring to the above play. In the Iph. in Taur. 1. 28, Iphigenia says, ἀλλ ̓ ἐξέκλεψεν ἔλαφον ἀντιδουσά μου "Αρτεμις 'Axaιoîs. Hence "furtiva piacula" here.

121. meum civem] Pacuvius.

121, 122. nec-rates] Referring still to the story of Iphigenia. "The object of Agamemnon's sacrifice (to procure the liberation of the detained fleet, στόλον ̓Αργείων,

Xiλiovaúтav, Aesch. Ag. 44), was not comparable to the will, for which Pacuvius would make a similar offering."

124. meritum sane mirandum] The vows of Pacuvius, to which the testator would ascribe his recovery.

127. Mycenis (adj.)] i. e. Iphigenia. Here, of course, it means the daughter whom Pacuvius would sacrifice, if he had one. "See, from the success which would then probably attend Pacuvius (1. 123–126) how useful such a victim might be."

129. rapuit Nero] Sat. x. 15-18 and note.

SATIRA XIII.

A BAD WORLD.

Calvinus

is sur

prised at

as if it

5

Exemplo quodcumque mało committitur, ipsi Displicet auctori. Prima est haec ultio, quod se being Judice nemo nocens absolvitur, improba quamvis cheated; Gratia fallacem Praetoris vicerit urnam. were not Quid sentire putas omnes, Calvine, recenti an every- De scelere et fidei violatae crimine? Sed nec day ocTam tenuis census tibi contigit, ut mediocris Jacturae te mergat onus; nec rara videmus, Quae pateris. Casus multis hic cognitus, ac jam Tritus, et e medio Fortunae ductus acervo. Ponamus nimios gemitus: flagrantior aequo Non debet dolor esse viri, nec vulnere major. Tu quamvis levium minimam exiguamque malo

currence.

rum

10

Particulam vix ferre potes, spumantibus ardens
Visceribus, sacrum tibi quod non reddat amicus 15
Depositum. Stupet haec, qui jam post terga reliquit

1. exemplo malo] In bad precedent. Similarly, an article of dress is said to be "exempli mali," "in bad style."

2. auctori] the doer.

4. Praetoris urnam] The "judices" appointed by the Praetor to try a cause (see on Sat. iii. 213) were selected by lots drawn from an urn. If either of the litigants had interest with the Praetor ("gratia") he could favour them by tampering with the lots, so as to ensure their having such judges as they would

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20

Sexaginta annos, Fonteio Consule natus ?
An nihil in melius tot rerum proficis usu?
Magna quidem, sacris quae dat praecepta libellis
Victrix Fortunae sapientia; dicimus autem
Hos quoque felices, qui ferre incommoda vitae,
Nec jactare jugum, vita didicere magistra.
Quae tam festa dies, ut cesset prodere furem,
Perfidiam, fraudes atque omni ex crimine lucrum
Quaesitum, et partos gladio vel pyxide numos? 25
Rari quippe boni: numero vix sunt totidem, quot
Thebarum portae, vel divitis ostia Nili.

Nona aetas agitur, pejoraque saecula ferri
Temporibus, quorum sceleri non invenit ipsa
Nomen et a nullo posuit Natura metallo :
Nos hominum divûmque fidem clamore ciemus,
Quanto Faesidium laudat vocalis agentem
Sportula? Dic, senior bulla dignissime, nescis,
Quas habeat Veneres aliena pecunia? nescis,

17. Fonteio Consule] There were several consuls of this name. Possibly this is the "Capito Fonteius" of Horace (Sat. i. 5. 32).

19-22.] "Philosophy is a good teacher, but experience a better."

22. jactare] toss;” i. e. try to shake off, like a heifer or young horse. 25. pyxide]" poison.' Lit. the case in which it is kept.

27. Thebarum Of course here the OŃßη ÉTTάπVÀos (Hom. 11. iv. 406) of Boeotia; not the Aegyptian Onẞn EKATÓμTUXOS (Hom. II. ix. 383).

28. nona aetas Mr. Macleane is probably right in referring this to the division of the " Magnus Annus," by the Etruscans and Romans, into ten periods, of which the tenth was to witness the restoration of the first or golden age. See Niebuhr, Rom. Hist. i. 137 seqq. The ninth would, therefore, naturally be the period of greatest declension from it. The ordinary classification by metals cannot be referred to, as these are limited to four,-gold, silver, brass, and iron. An ingenious explanation has been given, by which

30

the "nona aetas " is referred to So-
lon's division of the life of man into
nine periods of seven years each. See
Sol. Ep. 1, Brunck's Analecta, p. 64.
The ninth period would therefore,
of course, be one of decadence: Ti
μὲν δύναται μαλακώτερα δ' αὑτοῦ.
And the rendering would here be,
"We are now in the ninth period
(i. e. decadence) of the world's life;
an age debased below that of iron,"
&c. the " aetas
"saecula
and
being thus independent images, the
latter referring to the metallic classi-
fication. But the account first given
is probably the true one.

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29. quorum] Scil. "saeculorum.” 32. Faesidium] Some advocate of note.

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ib. agentem] sub. causas. 32, 33. vocalis-sportula] i. e. his clients, who applaud him for the sake of the "sportula" he distributes. Cf. Sat. x. 46; and see note on Sat. i. 95.

66

33. senior bulla dignissime] i. e. you gray-headed child." See Sat. v. 164 and note.

34. Veneres] "charms."

There

was some

honesty in the golden

age;

36

41

Quem tua simplicitas risum vulgo moveat, quum
Exigis a quoquam, ne pejeret, et putet ullis
Esse aliquod numen templis araeque rubenti?
Quondam hoc indigenae vivebant more, priusquam
Sumeret agrestem, posito diademate, falcem
Saturnus fugiens; tunc, quum virguncula Juno
Et privatus adhuc Idaeis Jupiter antris ;
Nulla super nubes convivia Coelicolarum,
Nec puer Iliacus, formosa nec Herculis uxor
Ad cyathos, et jam siccato nectare tergens
Brachia Vulcanus Liparaea nigra taberna.
Prandebat sibi quisque deus, nec turba deorum
Talis, ut est hodie, contentaque sidera paucis
Numinibus miserum urgebant Atlanta minori
Pondere. Nondum aliquis sortitus triste profundi
Imperium, aut Sicula torvus cum conjuge Plu-

ton.

45

50

Nec rota, nec Furiae, nec saxum, aut vulturis atri

37. rubenti] With the blood of the victims.

38-59.] They lived thus (i. e. with the honesty you would exact now-a-days) in the golden age." Cf. Sat. vi. init.

See

39, 40. sumeret -fugiens] Virg. Aen. viii. 319-325, "Primus ab aethereo venit Saturnus Olympo, Arma Jovis fugiens, et regnis exul ademtis... Aurea, quae perhibent, illo sub rege fuerunt Saecula."

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40. virguncula] a little girl." 43. puer Tucus] Ganymede. "Herculis uxor:' Hebe.

44, 45. et jam-taberna] "Nor any Vulcan, with nectar just drained, wiping his arms sooty with the Liparaean workshop." The description of Vulcan washing after his work is given in Homer, Il. xviii. 414, 415, where Thetis comes to visit him: Σπόγγῳ δ ̓ ἀμφὶ πρόσωπα καὶ ἄμφω χεῖρ ̓ ἀπομόργνυ, Αυχένα τε στιβαρὸν καὶ στήθεα λαχνήEvTa. Nothing is said, indeed, about the cup of nectar, but Juvenal may have drawn on his own imagination for this; or the passage may be a

parody on some contemporary poem. (Vulcan was a favourite subject. See Sat. i. 8, 9.) The lines have been thought to refer to the passage Il. i. 597-600, where Vulcan hands round the nectar to avert an impending quarrel. This meaning, however, can hardly be got out of "siccato nectare."

45. Liparaea taberna] Sat. i. 8, 9, and note.

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46. sibi quisque] separately." Not at a common table, as afterwards.

47. talis] sub. "erat." 49. profundi] Probably "the sea. 50. Sicula conjuge] See Sat. x. 112 and note. "Sicula:" because Sicily was given to Proserpine by Jupiter at her wedding. See Pind. Nem. i. 18 seqq., vάow, Tàv 'Оλúμπου δεσπότας Ζεὺς ἔδωκεν Φερσεφόνα.

51. rota-saxum-vulturis] The well-known legends of Ixion, Sisyphus, and Tityus. For" Furiae " see Aen. vi. 605, "Furiarum maxima juxta Accubat." Scil. near Ixion and others.

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