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sex;

the other Novimus? aut ullo strepitu fora vestra movemus?
Luctantur paucae; comedunt coliphia paucae:
spinning; Vos lanam trahitis, calathisque peracta refertis
Vellera; vos tenui praegnantem stamine fusum 55
Penelope melius, levius torquetis Arachne,
Horrida quale facit residens in codice pellex.
De nobis post haec tristis sententia fertur:
Dat veniam corvis, vexat censura columbas."
Fugerunt trepidi vera ac manifesta canentem
Stoicidae. Quid enim falsi Lauronia? Sed quid 65
Non facient alii, quum tu multicia sumas,
Cretice, et hanc vestem populo mirante perores
In Proculas et Pollineas? Est moecha Labulla:
Damnetur: si vis, etiam Carfinia: talem

gauzes;

Non sumet damnata togam. Sed Julius ardet: 70
Aestuo. Nudus agas! Minus est insania turpis.
En habitum, quo te leges ac jura ferentem
Vulneribus crudis populus modo victor et illud
Montanum positis audiret vulgus aratris.
Quid non proclames, in corpore judicis ista
Si videas? Quaero, an deceant multicia testem?
Acer et indomitus libertatisque magister,
Cretice, perluces. Dedit hanc contagio labem
Et dabit in plures; sicut grex totus in agris

affect male fashions; you (54-57)
adopt female most successfully."
52. fora] There were several for
transacting legal business.

53. comedunt paucae] i. e. turn
athletes. See Dict.coliphia.'
55. praegnantem stamine] “big
with the thread wound round it."

57. horrida-pellex] "Some dirty female slave;" lit. concubine. The slave who excited her mistress' jealousy, was often set to spin at the "codex;"-a wooden log, to which one leg was attached, so that it was practically equivalent to the stocks."

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67. Cretice] See on Sat. viii. 38. The name is used for one of the nobility generally.

68, 69. Proculas-Pollineas-Labulla Carfinia] Licentious charac

ters of the day.

75

69. talem] so thin; i. e. the "multicia" (see Dict.) of 1. 66. 76. Women of loose character wore the "toga," instead of the matron's "stola."

70. Julius] sub. "mensis."

72. ferentem] "promulgating." It is strictly applicable only to the "leges."

73, 74. populus modo victor; montanum vulgus] i. e. the Romans of old. 'Vulneribus crudis: "with its wounds still bleeding."

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75, 76. proclames] "exclaim." 'Judicis,' even of a judex (see note on Sat. vii. 116); 'testem,' even a mere witness;"-how much less a legislator?

66

78. perluces] lit. are transparent; i. e. wear a robe which is.

capribands

Unius scabie cadit et porrigine porci,
Uvaque conspecta livorem ducit ab uva.

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Foedius hoc aliquid quandoque audebis amictu.

and neck- Nemo repente fuit turpissimus. Accipient te Paulatim, qui longa domi redimicula sumunt Frontibus, et toto posuere monilia collo,

laces;

a male "Bona Dea"

Atque Bonam tenerae placant abdomine porcae festival; Et magno cratere deam. Sed, more sinistro Exagitata procul, non intrat femina limen : Solis ara deae maribus patet. Ite profanae! Clamatur: nullo gemit hic tibicina cornu. Talia secreta coluerunt Orgia taeda Cecropiam soliti Baptae lassare Cotytto. pigments; Ille supercilium, madida fuligine tinctum, Obliqua producit acu, pingitque trementes Attollens oculos; vitreo bibit ille Priapo,

nets for

female dresses

the hair; Reticulumque comis auratum ingentibus implet, Caerulea indutus scutulata, aut galbana rasa, Et per Junonem domini jurante ministro. mirrors, Ille tenet speculum, pathici gestamen Othonis,

and oaths;

86, 87. Bonam deam] The goddess Fauna, who was worshipped at Rome under this name. Her festival was on 1st of May, and was confined to women, the Vestal Virgins having charge of the arrangements. Originally, it seems to have been of an innocent character, but it degenerated under the empire. See Sat. vi. 314 sq.

87-89.] Men were excluded from the worship of the Bona Dea (see above). In the male parody on the rite, the rule was reversed.

87. sinistro] "left-handed;" i. e. reversing the ordinary practice.

92. Cotytto] A Thracian deity, whose worshippers were called ẞánTal, from the purifications connected with her festival. Her worship had been imported to Athens, whence "Cecropiam here. The festival was attended with much excess, and originally involved, like those of Bacchus and Cybele, a retirement to some mountainous district.

85

90

95

93. fuligine] Dark colouring matter, lit. soot, usually made of antimony (stibium).

94. obliqua] "slanting."

ib. producit] "lengthens out." 95. attollens lifting the lids.

ib. Priapo] A drinking-cup in the figure of the god: contrasted with the female attire in the next lines.

97. rasa] sub. "vestimenta." Smooth, lit. scraped. The cloth worn by ladies had a smooth surface (Gr. Coral); men wore it with the nap on ('pexa").

98. per Junonem] Women swore by the female goddesses;-the master and his slaves now did the same. 99. ille] another.

ib. pathici] Translate, "degraded." The half-line is a parody on Virg. Aen. iii. 268, “ clypeum, magni gestamen Abantis."

ib. Othonis] The emperor. See note on 1. 104-106 post.

and cosmetics,

105

"Actoris Aurunci spolium," quo se ille videbat 100 Armatum, quum jam tolli vexilla juberet. Res memoranda novis annalibus atque recenti Historia speculum civilis sarcina belli! Nimirum summi ducis est, occidere Galbam, Et curare cutem; summi constantia civis, Bebriaci in campo spolium affectare Palatî, Et pressum in faciem digitis extendere panem ; Quod nec in Assyrio pharetrata Semiramis orbe, Moesta nec Actiaca fecit Cleopatra carina. Hic nullus verbis pudor, aut reverentia mensae. 110 society, Hic turpis Cybeles et fracta voce loquendi

Their

manners,

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102. novis]"modern." 104-106.] Otho revolted from Galba, and the latter was killed by a private soldier in the insurgent army. Otho was then proclaimed emperor (A.D. 69), and marched against Vitellius, by whom his troops were defeated about 20 miles from Bebriacum, a town between Verona and Cremona. The battle was named from Bebriacum, because Otho's army had been encamped there. "Curare cutem' is of course in forcible contrast to "occidere Galbam," as 1. 107 is to 106.

31,

107.1 Fops, like Otho, instead of washing the face, used for it a paste of bread and asses' milk. Cf. Sat. vi. 461, 462. 468–473.

108, 109.] "which not even the voluptuous Semiramis or Cleopatra were in the habit of doing." "Moesta" and "Actiaca carina" are added in the way of epithets only to Cleopatra;—not that she had any special reason for then using the 'pressum panem.'

110. Hic] In this society. ib. reverentia mensae] i. e. the mutual respect of host and guests; "the decencies of society."

111.] Construe, "Hic (est) turpis libertas Cybeles, et fracta voce loquendi :""licence of the rites of Cybele:" lit., "of Cybele and speaking with tremulous voice." The rites are first described, by the falsetto in which they were celebrated. Then the two clauses, "Cybele and her rites," stand by an hendiadys (like "pateris libamus et auro" for

66

pat. aureis") for "the rites of Cybele." The public festival of Cybele was the Megalesia; see note on Sat. xi. 193. She had also a temple on the Palatine (see Sat. iii. 137, and note), where her worship was kept up by the emasculated Galli. And they would seem from this passage, and Sat. vi. 511 sq., to ib. Palati] See note on Sat. iv. have celebrated their rites in private

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106. affectare] "to aim at."

houses as well,

6

Libertas, et crine senex phanaticus albo

Sacrorum antistes; rarum ac memorabile magni Gutturis exemplum conducendusque magister. and mock Quadringenta dedit Gracchus sestertia dotem nuptials. Cornicini, sive hic recto cantaverat aere.

Signatae tabulae; dictum Feliciter! Ingens
Coena sedet gremio jacuit nova nupta mariti. 120
O proceres, censore opus est, an haruspice nobis ?
Scilicet horreres, majoraque monstra putares,
Si mulier vitulum vel si bos ederet agnum?
Segmenta et longos habitus et flammea sumit,
Arcano qui sacra ferens nutantia loro
Sudavit clypeis ancilibus. O pater Urbis,

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117. quadringenta sest.] See note on Sat. i. 106. This was the amount of fortune required for the equestris ordo.' See note on Sat. iii. 154, 155. Gracchus, a dissolute noble of the day, had gone through a mock marriage to a husband, and tendered this sum as the "dos' (wife's portion).

118.] "To some performer on the cornu or tuba." The former was curved, the latter straight, hence "recto." Cantaverat,'" performed;" used both of vocal and instrumental music. See Sat. x. 210. 211.

119. tabulae] sub. "dotis." The marriage-contract or sponsalia, which was written on tablets, (see note on Sat. i. 63,) and signed by both parties before the marriage. See Sat. vi. 25 and note.

66

121. haruspice] a soothsayer:" i. e. "is it a crime or a 'lusus na

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125

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was summoned on the occurrence of these prodigies.

124. segmenta-longos habitusflammea] i. e. the bridal costume. The "longos habitus" are the bride's dress, which was white. The "segmenta" are the flounces of this dress. The "flammeum" was a veil of bright yellow colour, which gave it its name. Cf. Sat. vi. 225; x. 334.

125, 126. Arcano-ancilibus] "He (assumes this bridal dress) who has sweated under the ancile shields, as he carries those sacred (emblems) swaying by their mystic thong." The ancilia were the 12 sacred shields of Mars, which were carried in procession by the Salii on the Kalends of March. The shield was suspended from the bearer's shoulder by a leather thong ('lorum' here), and he danced and struck it with a rod in tune. Originally, there was one shield only, which had been found in Numa's palace, and was supposed to have fallen from heaven. The other eleven were counterparts, to prevent theft, as the commonwealth was to last as long as the sacred shield was kept. The Salii were always selected from good families.

A gladiator of distinction.

Unde nefas tantum Latiis pastoribus ? unde
Haec tetigit, Gradive, tuos urtica nepotes?
Traditur ecce viro clarus genere atque opibus vir:
Nec galeam quassas, nec terram cuspide pulsas, 130
Nec quereris patri.-Vade ergo et cede severi
Jugeribus Campi, quem negligis! Officium cras
Primo sole mihi peragendum in valle Quirini.
Quae causa officii? Quid quaeris? nubit amicus,
Nec multos adhibet. Liceat modo vivere: fient, 135
Fient ista palam, cupient et in acta referri.

Vicit et hoc monstrum tunicati fuscina Gracchi,
Lustravitque fuga mediam gladiator arenam,
Et Capitolinis generosior et Marcellis

145

Et Catulis, Paullisque minoribus et Fabiis et Omnibus ad podium spectantibus. His licet ipsum

127. Latiis pastoribus] Like "rusticus tuus," Sat. iii. 67.

128. Gradive] The name of Mars in his capacity as god of war. His other names were Quirinus and Silvanus, in the former of which he was viewed as the patron of Rome; in the latter, as the patron of fields and flocks. Apparently, this latter was the original Italian conception, on which the attributes of the Greek "Apns were afterwards engrafted. The etymology of the name Gradivus is as uncertain as the quantity of the first syllable, which is long in Virgil (as here) and short in Ovid.

ib. urtica] Translate "this mania."

129. traditur] "given away" (as wife).

131. patri] i. e. to Jupiter, the father of Mars.

132.] The Campus Martius, dedicated to that deity. See on Sat. vi. 524, 525. It is called 'severi,' as being the place for warlike and athletic exercises.

132, 133. Officium-Quirini] The speech of some citizen to his friend, who answers in 1. 134. In valle Quirini,' i. e. under the Quirinal hill.

134. nubit] Of course used properly only of the wife.

136. acta] The "daily press" of Rome, but published by government, like our Gazette. It contained the proceedings of public bodies, law and police reports, and births, deaths, and marriages. While J. Caesar was in power, the debates in the senate were also reported in it.

143. Gracchi] A noble who had turned "retiarius." See note on "retia misit," 1. 148. The same person is referred to Sat. viii. 199— 210.

ib. tunicati fuscina] See note on Sat. viii. 200-208.

145. generosior] In the strict sense of the word;-" nobly born."

ib. Capitolinis] The descendants of T. Manlius Torquatus Capitolinus, who saved the Capitol from the Gauls.

ib. Marcellis] The well-known family of the Claudia gens.

146. Catulis, Paullis] Cognomina of the Lutatia and Aemilia gens respectively.

ib. Fabiis] See 1. 155, note.
ib. minoribus] Descendants.

147. podium] The "reserved seats" in the amphitheatre. Pro

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