"Mercedem appellas? Quid enim scio ?" Culpa docentis 160 Scilicet arguitur, quod laeva in parte mamillae 158. mercedem scio] The pupil speaks. "Ask for pay, indeed! Why, what have I learned from you ?" 158-160.] "As if his stupidity were the teacher's fault! I am sure I've had enough of his Hannibal." 159. laeva in parte mamillae] i. e. in his heart. We should say, in his head. But the ancients placed the seat of reason in the heart. 160. Arcad. juv.] "this clodhopping youth;" as Arcadia, from its inland situation, was a purely agricultural district. But perhaps the allusion is to the Arcadian asses, which were celebrated. Plaut. Asin. ii. 2. 67, "Meministin' asinos Arcadicos mercatori vendere Pellaeo nostrum atriensem;" and Persius, Sat. iii. 9, "Arcadiae pecuaria rudere credas." 161164. Hannibal-cohortes] i. e. a declamation on the stock theme of Hannibal's omitting to follow up his victory at Cannae. 163, 164. nimbos et fulmina] See Livy xxvi. 11, "Instructis utrinque exercitibus in ejus pugnae casum, in qua urbs Roma victori praemium esset, (Hannibal was then three miles only from the city,) imber ingens grandine mixtus utramque aciem turbavit.... His motus ad Tutiam 166 170 fluvium castra rettulit, sex millia passuum ab urbe." 165, 166.] "I'd give something, if his father had to listen to him as often." L. 165 lit. is, "name your security, and take my acceptance ("quod do ") forthwith;" i. e. you shall have it. Where a security was given, the party who dictated the terms of it was said "stipulari;” the party accepting it 'spondere' or dare.' 167. Sophistae] Rhetoricians were called so at Athens. See Liddell and Scott's Greek Lexicon, σodioTns, II. 168.] "And dropping the stockvillain, employ their rhetoric on a real case;" viz. the recovery of their fee. The seducer (raptor"), like Paris or Jason, was a standing theme for declamations. 169, 170.] "While thus occupied, we hear nothing of Medea and Jason." "Fusa venena are probably the poisoned robe sent by Medea to Creusa. See Eurip. Medea, 784-789. 1136 -1221. Malus ingratusque maritus," i. e. Jason. 170. et quae-caecos] The wellknown story of Pelias, the uncle of Jason. On the death of Aeson, Jason's father, Pelias usurped his kingdom of Iolcos. When Jason Ergo sibi dabit ipse rudem, si nostra movebunt came to claim it, Pelias sent him on 171. dabit-rudem] See note on Sat. vi. 113. 6 174.] "Or lose the wretched pittance which must pay for his day's dinner.' "Tessera" is lit. "a counter. Here it means a cornticket,' not unlike our soup or coaltickets. It entitled the bearer to receive corn at the monthly distribution (frumentatio'), and probably had a certain market value. Hence "venit" here; "the sum for which a poor corn-ticket sells," i. e. which it will cost to buy one. 175. quippe-lautissima] "since this is your very highest fee.” "Haec "is the "summula qua tessera venit." ib. tenta] "just ascertain;" by way of contrast. 176. Chrysog.-Pollio] See Sat. vi. 74. 387. They were eminent 'citharoedi,' and music-masters. 177. artem-Theodori] i. e. rhetoric. Theodorus was a rhetorician in the time of Augustus. He was born at Gadara, in Syria, and lived principally at Rhodes, where he instructed Tiberius. 66 ib. scindens] "trenching upon his practice;" lit. "cutting it short." The word has also been rendered "depreciating" the art of Theodorus as we should say, 'cutting it up." But the sense first given is the best. Theodorus was settled for some time at Rome; see Suidas, Θεόδωρος Tudapeús. So that the resort of pupils to the 'citharoedi' would have injured his practice. 178-187.] "Look too at the amount expended by the rich on personal indulgence; while for their children's education almost any thing will suffice." 178. sexcentis] See note on Sat. i. 106. ib. in qua] "up and down which." For the size of the porticoes of private houses at this period, see Hor. Od. ii. 15. 14—16. Formerly (he says), "nulla decempedis Metata privatis opacam Porticus excipiebat Arcton." 179. gestetur] "drive;" lit. 'be carried.' 179-181.] Ironical. "Would you have him wait till it clears, and then drive through the draggled streets? He must have his ride under cover, of course.' Hic potius: namque hic mundae nitet ungula mulae. 185 Res nulla minoris Constabit patri, quam filius. 182-185.] Other indulgences. "Look at the luxurious dining-room (“coenatio") of the rich man. Again, costly as the house may have been, he must still have, in addition, his table-layer, and professed cook." 182. Numidarum] Cf. Hor. Od. ii. 18. 3, "columnas ultima recisas Africa." 183. algentem-solem] i. e. the winter sun. As the Roman houses were frequently without fire-places, it was as necessary to get the sun in winter, as to exclude it in summer. This was effected by giving the room different aspects. 184. Quanticumque] sub. constet: "stands him in." 184, 185. fercula-componit] "arranges." This was the office of the 'structor.' See note on Sat. v. 120. 186. Quintilianus] The famous rhetorician, who seems to have been moderately wealthy. See Macleane's Juvenal, ad loc. 187-202.] "You may ask, If this is all Quin ilian gets, how is he so well off? Not from his profession, but because he was born under a lucky star; which makes the whole difference. Examine, for instance, the cases of success; they are all due to luck; Ventidius, Tullius, and all. Although, doubtless, such luck is rare enough." 190 189. novorum] Uuprecedented. So Cic. Att. vi. 1, “quod video tibi novum accidisse." 66 190. transi] go over;" i. e. examine. See Sat. iii. 114 and note. ib. felix-acer] "Felix" is subject; 'pulcer et acer," predicates, with est' understood before them. 66 191, 192.] The construction is, "The man born to luck, being thereby both sapiens,' &c." "Subtexit lunam alutae," i. e. "fills the rank of senator." Senators wore a metal "C" on their boot ("aluta"). It was supposed to stand for 'centum,' the original number of the senate as instituted by Romulus. 193.] The construction returns to that of 1. 190; "felix" being subject, and "orator" and "jaculator" predicates, with est' understood. Jaculator" was a term in the rhetoric schools; one who hurled arguments." Cf. Sat. vi. 449, 450. 194.] "Nay, even with a cold upon him, he is a first-rate singer." The passage is imitated from Hor. Ep. i. 1. 106, 107, "Ad summam, sapiens uno minor est Jove, dives, Liber, honoratus, pulcer, rex denique regum." ib. distat] "It makes all the difference." Sidera te excipiant modo primos incipientem 195 Edere vagitus. Si Fortuna volet, fies de rhetore consul: Si volet haec eadem, fies de consule rhetor. Ventidius quid enim? quid Tullius? anne aliud, quam Sidus et occulti miranda potentia fati ? 200 Servis regna dabunt, captivis Fata triumphos. Di majorum umbris tenuem et sine pondere terram 195. sidera]"constellation." Like our "lucky star." 199. Ventidius] P. Ventidius Bassus. He was a native of Picenum, and taken prisoner by the Romans in the Social war; see note on Sat. v. 31. Hence the force of the word "captivis" in 1. 201. Ventidius, who was still a youth, was brought to Rome, and for some years carned a livelihood as muledriver. See Virgil's parody on Catullus, "Sabinus ille, quem videtis, hospitis," &c. (Catalect. 8. n. Heyne.) He was afterwards taken up by Caesar, and eventually rose to be consul, B.C. 43. After this he was employed as Antony's legate against the Parthians, and triumphed B.C. 38: hence "triumphos," 1. 201. His rise in life became proverbial. ib. Tullius] The king Servius Tullius. See note on Sat. viii. 259. Hence "servis regna dabunt," 1. 201. 199, 200. anne-futi] "They are nothing but instances of." 66 6 203 seqq.] As an example, per contra,' look at Thrasymachus," &c. 204. Thrasymachi] A Greek sophist (see note on 1. 167 above), and cotemporary of Gorgias. He is said to have hanged himself under the pressure of poverty; hence "exi tus. 204, 205. Secundi Carrinatis] A rhetorician in Caligula's reign, who banished him for the freedom of his declamations. 205. hunc] This must be Carrinas, or some other recent teacher of rhetoric, whose story was familiar. There is no account, indeed, of Carrinas having retired to Athens and taken poison, but this is hardly an objection. It seems impossible that Socrates himself (see next note) should be the "hunc inopem;" unless we adopt the suggestion that a line has dropped out before this. 206. nil praeter-cicutas] i. e. no better entertainment than you gave Socrates. The death of Socrates is detailed in Plato's Phædo. As is well known, he was compelled to drink hemlock :-"magistrum-sorbitio tollit quem dira cicutae," Pers. Sat. iv. 1, 2. Socrates, like Carrinas, was a σopiστs: see 1. 167 and note. 207-214.] Another grievance of the rhetoric teacher; the insolence of his pupils. 207, 208. terram-crocos-ver] Sub. concedant.' and school.. masters. Qui praeceptorem sancti voluere parentis Sed Rufum atque alios caedit sua quemque juventus, Quodcumque est, (minus est autem, quam rhetoris Discipuli custos praemordet Acoenonoëtus, Et, qui dispensat, frangit sibi. Cede, Palaemon, 210-212.] Achilles was instructed in music and field sports by the centaur Cheiron, on Mount Pelion. Hence 'patriis in montibus,' Pelion being in Thessaly. 210, 211. Met. virgae-cant.] "learnt music, in wholesome terror of the rod." 211, 212.1 "And yet his musicmaster's tail might have provoked a smile." See note on 1. 210-212. The "citharoedi" is of course Chei ron. 213. Rufum] A rhetorician. Q. Curtius Rufus is mentioned by Suetonius, but it is not known whether this is the same. 214. Allobroga] “ Gallic.” The Allobroges were a people of S. E. Gaul, between the Rhone and the Isère. It probably means merely "barbarous," a charge which Rufus had apparently brought against Cicero's diction. But it has been thought also to refer to Sallust's imputation of his having put himself too much into the hands of the ambassadors of the Allobroges, during Catiline's conspiracy. See Sall. Cat. 41 seqq. If this is the true rendering, Rufus had probably selected the subject as the theme for a declamation. 216. Enceladi] A famous gram marian of the period. For "Palaemonis," see Sat. vi. 452 and note. 217. minus-aera] "less even than the rhetorician's fee, of which we have just spoken." 218, 219.] “The Παιδαγωγός and dispensator' both_get_their commission out of it." The Haidaywyós ("discipuli custos") attended the pupils to and from school, to prevent their falling into bad company. For dispensator,' see Sat. i. 91 and note. He had to pay the rhetoric-master, as part of the household expenses. "Acoenonoëtus" is a fictitious name, for which' Acoenonetus is another reading: i. e. ἀκοινώνητος instead of ἀκοινονόητος. The meaning, if the word is to have any, would be much the same, "uncommunicative;" that is, he keeps his gains to himself. 218. praemordet] "bites off from the end;" the strict force of the prae' in composition. 220-227.] "Sacrifice part, or you will get nothing at all for your exertions." The "aliquid" is the "commission." See last note. 220, 221. non aliter — cadurci] "Like a shopman coming down in his price;" lit. "a mat and counterpane seller." The first meaning of "institor" is "agent"-" qui negotio |