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"Mercedem appellas? Quid enim scio ?" Culpa docentis

160

Scilicet arguitur, quod laeva in parte mamillae
Nil salit Arcadico juveni, cujus mihi sexta
Quaque die miserum dirus caput Hannibal implet,
Quidquid id est, de quo deliberat, an petat Urbem
A Cannis, an post nimbos et fulmina cautus
Circumagat madidas a tempestate cohortes.
Quantum vis stipulare, et protenus accipe, quod do,
Ut toties illum pater audiat.-Haec alii sex
Et plures uno conclamant ore Sophistae,
Et veras agitant lites, raptore relicto.

Fusa venena silent, malus ingratusque maritus,
Et quae jam veteres sanant mortaria caecos.

158. mercedem-scio] The pupil speaks. "Ask for pay, indeed! Why, what have I learned from you?"

158-160.] "As if his stupidity were the teacher's fault! I am sure I've had enough of his Hannibal."

159. laeva in parte mamillae] i. e. in his heart. We should say, in his head. But the ancients placed the seat of reason in the heart.

160. Arcad. juv.] "this clodhopping youth;" as Arcadia, from its inland situation, was a purely agricultural district. But perhaps the allusion is to the Arcadian asses, which were celebrated. Plaut. Asin. ii. 2. 67, "Meministin' asinos Arcadicos mercatori vendere Pellaeo nostrum atriensem;" and Persius, Sat. iii. 9, "Arcadiae pecuaria rudere credas."

161164. Hannibal-cohortes] i. e. a declamation on the stock theme of Hannibal's omitting to follow up his victory at Cannae.

163, 164. nimbos et fulmina] See Livy xxvi. 11, "Instructis utrinque exercitibus in ejus pugnae casum, in qua urbs Roma victori praemium esset, (Hannibal was then three miles only from the city,) imber ingens grandine mixtus utramque aciem turbavit.... His motus ad Tutiam

166

170

fluvium castra rettulit, sex millia passuum ab urbe."

165, 166.] "I'd give something, if his father had to listen to him as often." L. 165 lit. is, "name your security, and take my acceptance ("quod do") forthwith;" i. e. you shall have it. Where a security was given, the party who dictated the terms of it was said "stipulari;" the party accepting it 'spondere' or 'dare.'

167. Sophistae] Rhetoricians were called so at Athens. See Liddell and Scott's Greek Lexicon, σopioTns, II.

168.] "And dropping the stockvillain, employ their rhetoric on a real case;" viz. the recovery of their fee. The seducer (raptor"), like Paris or Jason, was a standing theme for declamations.

169, 170.] "While thus occupied, we hear nothing of Medea and Jason." "Fusa venena are probably the poisoned robe sent by Medea to Creüsa See Eurip. Medea, 784-789. 1136

1221. "Malus ingratusque maritus," i. e. Jason.

170. et quae-caecos] The wellknown story of Pelias, the uncle of Jason. On the death of Aeson, Jason's father, Pelias usurped his kingdom of Iolcos. When Jason

Ergo sibi dabit ipse rudem, si nostra movebunt
Consilia, et vitae diversum iter ingredietur,
Ad pugnam qui rhetorica descendit ab umbra,
Summula ne pereat, qua vilis tessera venit
Frumenti: quippe haec merces lautissima. Tenta,
Chrysogonus quanti doceat, vel Pollio quanti 176
Lautorum pueros, artem scindens Theodori.
Balnea sexcentis, et pluris porticus, in qua
Gestetur dominus, quoties pluit. Anne serenum
Exspectet, spargatque luto jumenta recenti ?

came to claim it, Pelias sent him on
the expedition of the golden fleece.
Jason returned in triumph accom-
panied by Medea, and the latter per-
suaded the daughters of Pelias to cut
their father in pieces, and boil him
in a caldron, as a means of restoring
his youthful vigour. The experi-
ment terminated as might have been
expected.

171. dabit-rudem] See note on Sat. vi. 113.

173. pugnam] The" verae lites" of 1. 168 i. e. the law-suit for his fee. ib. descendit] "has to

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ib. umbra] "school;" so called perhaps, from the shade of the awning in front. Inferior rhetoricclasses were usually held in a pergula' (see note on Sat. xi. 136, 137), which would have required such a screen from the heat.

174.] "Or lose the wretched pittance which must pay for his day's dinner." "Tessera" is lit. "a counter." Here it means a cornticket,' not unlike our soup or coaltickets. It entitled the bearer to receive corn at the monthly distribution (frumentatio'), and probably had a certain market value. Hence "venit" here; "the sum for which a poor corn-ticket sells," i. e. which it will cost to buy one.

175. quippe-lautissima] "since this is your very highest fee." "Haec "is the "summula qua tessera venit.

ib. tenta] "just ascertain;" by way of contrast.

180

176. Chrysog.-Pollio] See Sat. vi. 74. 387. They were eminent 'citharoedi,' and music-masters.

177. artem-Theodori] i. e. rhetoric. Theodorus was a rhetorician in the time of Augustus. He was born at Gadara, in Syria, and lived principally at Rhodes, where he instructed Tiberius.

ib. scindens] "trenching upon his practice;" lit. "cutting it short." The word has also been rendered " "depreciating" the art of Theodorus; as we should say, "cutting it up." But the sense first given is the best. Theodorus was settled for some time at Rome; see Suidas, Oródwpos Tudapeús. So that the resort of pupils to the 'citharoedi' would have injured his practice.

178-187.] "Look too at the amount expended by the rich on personal indulgence; while for their children's education almost any thing will suffice."

178. sexcentis] See note on Sat. i. 106.

ib. in qua] "up and down which." For the size of the porticoes of private houses at this period, see Hor. Od. ii. 15. 14-16. Formerly (he says), "nulla decempedis Metata privatis opacam Porticus excipiebat Arcton." 179. gestetur] drive;" lit. be carried."

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179-181.] Ironical. "Would you have him wait till it clears, and then drive through the draggled streets? He must have his ride under cover, of course.'

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Hic potius: namque hic mundae nitet ungula mulae.
Parte alia longis Numidarum fulta columnis
Surgat et algentem rapiat coenatio solem.
Quanticumque domus, veniet, qui fercula docte
Componit: veniet, qui pulmentaria condit.
Hos inter sumtus sestertia Quintiliano,
Ut multum, duo sufficient.
Constabit patri, quam filius.
Quintilianus habet saltus ?"

Res nulla minoris "Unde igitur tot

185

Exempla novorum

Fatorum transi: felix, et pulcer et acer;
Felix, (et sapiens et nobilis et generosus,)
Appositam nigrae lunam subtexit alutae:
Felix, orator quoque maximus et jaculator ;-
Et si perfrixit, cantat bene. Distat enim, quae

182-185.] Other indulgences. "Look at the luxurious dining-room ("coenatio") of the rich man. Again, costly as the house may have been, he must still have, in addition, his table-layer, and professed cook."

182. Numidarum] Cf. Hor. Od. ii. 18. 3, "columnas ultima recisas Africa."

183. algentem-solem] i. e. the winter sun. As the Roman houses were frequently without fire-places, it was as necessary to get the sun in winter, as to exclude it in summer. This was effected by giving the room different aspects.

184. Quanticumque] sub. 'constet: "stands him in."

184, 185. fercula-componit] "arranges. This was the office of the 'structor. See note on Sat. v. 120. 186. Quintilianus] The famous rhetorician, who seems to have been moderately wealthy. See Macleane's Juvenal, ad loc.

187-202.] "You may ask, If this is all Quin ilian gets, how is he so well off? Not from his profession, but because he was born under a lucky star; which makes the whole difference. Examine, for instance, the cases of success; they are all due to luck; Ventidius, Tullius, and all. Although, doubtless, such

luck is rare enough."

190

189. novorum] Uuprecedented. So Cic. Att. vi. 1, "quod video tibi novum accidisse."

190. transi] "go over;" i. e. examine. See Sat. iii. 114 and note. ib. felix-acer] Felix" is subject; pulcer et acer," predicates, with est' understood before them.

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191, 192.] The construction is, "The man born to luck, being thereby both sapiens,' &c." "Subtexit lunam alutae," i. e. "fills the rank of senator." Senators wore a metal "C" on their boot ("aluta"). It was supposed to stand for 'centum,' the original number of the senate as instituted by Romulus.

193.] The construction returns to that of 1. 190; "felix" being subject, and "orator" and "jaculator" predicates, with est' understood.

Jaculator" was a term in the rhetoric schools; "one who hurled arguments." Cf. Sat. vi. 449, 450.

194.] "Nay, even with a cold upon him, he is a first-rate singer." The passage is imitated from Hor. Ep. i. 1. 106, 107, "Ad summam, sapiens uno minor est Jove, dives, Liber, honoratus, pulcer, rex denique regum."

ib. distat] "It makes all the difference."

Sidera te excipiant modo primos incipientem
Edere vagitus.

Si Fortuna volet, fies de rhetore consul:

195

Si volet haec eadem, fies de consule rhetor.
Ventidius quid enim? quid Tullius? anne aliud,

quam

Sidus et occulti miranda potentia fati?

200

Servis regna dabunt, captivis Fata triumphos.
Felix ille tamen corvo quoque rarior albo.
Poenituit multos vanae sterilisque cathedrae,
Sicut Thrasymachi probat exitus atque Secundi
Carrinatis et hunc inopem vidistis, Athenae, 205
Nil praeter gelidas ausae conferre cicutas.

Di majorum umbris tenuem et sine pondere terram
Spirantesque crocos et in urna perpetuum ver,

195. sidera]" constellation." Like our "lucky star."

199. Ventidius] P. Ventidius Bassus. He was a native of Picenum, and taken prisoner by the Romans in the Social war; see note on Sat. v. 31. Hence the force of the word "captivis" in 1. 201. Ventidius, who was still a youth, was brought to Rome, and for some years carned a livelihood as muledriver. See Virgil's parody on Catullus, "Sabinus ille, quem videtis, hospitis," &c. (Catalect. 8. n. Heyne.) He was afterwards taken up by Caesar, and eventually rose to be consul, B.C. 43. After this he was employed as Antony's legate against the Parthians, and triumphed B.C. 38: hence triumphos," 1. 201. His rise in life became proverbial.

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ib. Tullius] The king Servius Tullius. See note on Sat. viii. 259. Hence "servis regna dabunt," 1. 201.

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pressure of poverty; hence "exi

tus.

204, 205. Secundi Carrinatis] A rhetorician in Caligula's reign, who banished him for the freedom of his declamations.

205. hunc] This must be Carrinas, or some other recent teacher of rhetoric, whose story was familiar. There is no account, indeed, of Carrinas having retired to Athens and taken poison, but this is hardly an objection. It seems impossible that Socrates himself (see next note) should be the "hunc inopem;" unless we adopt the suggestion that a line has dropped out before this.

206. nil praeter-cicutas] i. e. no better entertainment than you gave Socrates. The death of Socrates is detailed in Plato's Phædo. As is well known, he was compelled to drink hemlock :-"magistrum-sorbitio tollit quem dira cicutae," Pers. Sat. iv. 1, 2. Socrates, like Carrinas, was a σoiσтis: see 1. 167 and note.

207-214.] Another grievance of the rhetoric teacher; the insolence of his pupils. 207, 208. Sub. concedant."

terram-crocos-ver]

and school.

masters.

Qui praeceptorem sancti voluere parentis
Esse loco! Metuens virgae jam grandis Achilles
Cantabat patriis in montibus: et cui non tunc 211
Eliceret risum citharoedi cauda magistri ?

Sed Rufum atque alios caedit sua quemque juventus,
Rufum, qui toties Ciceronem Allobroga dixit. 214
Quis gremio Enceladi doctique Palaemonis affert,
Quantum grammaticus meruit labor? et tamen
ex hoc,

Quodcumque est, (minus est autem, quam rhetoris
aera)

Discipuli custos praemordet Acoenonoëtus,

Et, qui dispensat, frangit sibi. Cede, Palaemon,
Et patere inde aliquid decrescere;-non aliter, quam

210-212.] Achilles was instructed in music and field sports by the centaur Cheiron, on Mount Pelion. Hence patriis in montibus,' Pelion being in Thessaly.

210, 211. Met. virgae-cant.] "learnt music, in wholesome terror of the rod."

211, 212.1 "And yet his musicmaster's tail might have provoked a smile." See note on 1. 210-212. The "citharoedi" is of course Chei

ron.

213. Rufum] A rhetorician. Q. Curtius Rufus is mentioned by Suetonius, but it is not known whether this is the same.

214. Allobroga] " Gallic.” The Allobroges were a people of S. E. Gaul, between the Rhone and the Isère. It probably means merely "barbarous," a charge which Rufus had apparently brought against Cicero's diction. But it has been thought also to refer to Sallust's imputation of his having put himself too much into the hands of the ambassadors of the Allobroges, during Catiline's conspiracy. See Sall. Cat. 41 seqq. If this is the true rendering, Rufus had probably selected the subject as the theme for a declamation.

216. Enceladi] A famous gram

marian of the period. For "Palae-
monis," see Sat. vi. 452 and note.
"less even

217. minus-aera]
than the rhetorician's fee, of which
we have just spoken."

218, 219.] “ The Παιδαγωγός and dispensator' both get their commission out of it." The Haidaywyós ("discipuli custos") attended the pupils to and from school, to prevent their falling into bad company. For 'dispensator, see Sat. i. 91 and note. He had to pay the rhetoric-master, as part of the household expenses. "Acoenonoëtus" is a fictitious name, for which 'Acoenonetus' is another reading: i. e. ακοινώνητος instead of ἀκοινονόη

τος.

The meaning, if the word is to have any, would be much the same, uncommunicative;" that is, he keeps his gains to himself.

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218. praemordet] "bites off from the end;" the strict force of the prae' in composition.

220-227.] "Sacrifice part, or you will get nothing at all for your exertions. The aliquid" is the "commission." See last note.

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220, 221. non aliter — cadurci] "Like a shopman coming down in his price;" lit. "a mat and counterpane seller." The first meaning of "institor" is "agent"-" qui negotio

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