and his greatest thoughts dwindle on paper, from monntains to mice, like the Brobdignagian Omnibus bill to a Lilliputian Utah, so that they, but now which seemed in bigness to surpass earth's giant sons, are less than smallest dwarfs, yet let him write, as if nothing but writing could quench the fire in his bosom. Let him scatter his five loaves among thousands, and he shall take up fragments by baskets full.-Prof. J. D. Butler, Norwich University.

CULTURE.

LEARNING advances the native strength to perfection, and right culture strengthens the inward powers.-Horace.

MAN is so constituted that he requires something to be done, in his early years, to give a proper direction and bias to his pursuits. If this be neglected, the habits that will grow up with him, and the principles that will correspond with his habits, and which he will inevitably adopt, will not operate to the good of society, or his own happiness; and where can this salutary, I may add necessary influence, be so well exercised as in a rightly-governed family, or in a school in which there is an efficient and wholesome discipline?

Discipline commands the will, corrects the disposition, and subdues the passions; it rescues the mind from debasing influence, and opens the way to eminence, in the possession of a decided manly, moral, character. It is the antidote to idleness; the corrector of vice. But what is discipline, this agent that is to effect so much? Is it tyranny and oppression? Has it no other rule or principle of action than moroseness, severity, and illtemper? Does it drive the pupil to a distance from his teacher? No, it is not tyranny; it does not make the pupil tremble at the presence of his teacher. Its origin and influence are in affection: without kindness there is no beneficial authority. Be a father to your pupils, and they will love you. Kindness robs a youth of his worst propensities, petulance and deceit; disarm him of these weapons, and you may, indeed, lead him as a child; he will be satisfied with your authority, and receive your advice.

By kindness I do not mean indulgence, or a conformity to a child's will and inclinations; but the expression of affection in the discharge of your duty. Let children see that their welfare, their happiness and respectability are what you ardently desire and endeavor to promote, and they will respect you more, and be much happier under your government, although you may sometimes chide and correct them, than by any compromise of duty.

Your pupils are not ignorant of the requirements of your office; and they honor you only as you discharge them well. By taking an interest in their character, you will not only gain their affections, but influence their conduct and elevate their minds: they perceive that something is expected of them more than merely going through a round of lessons, and they will endeavor to realize your expectations.

Government without kindness is cruelty; it overlooks the principle which induces submission, and looses it best and firmest support. The want of kindness must be supplied by coercion, which converts cheerful obedience into obstinacy, cunning, and perverseness. Youth treated with severity, and frowned away from their parents and teachers, often become licentious; they have not been disciplined, but oppressed; Hot governed, but coerced. They saw no act of kindness mingled with the duties required of them, and they rendered none. The restraints under which they were put, though salutary and wise, were, from the manner of enforcing them, felt to be burdensome and galling; and, not perceiving the object, when they should have gained habits of fortitude and caution, the consequence of good discipline, and their minds having been irritated against the person, were opposed to the precepts of him who treated them with unkindness. The mind is not subdued by its own consent, a consent not to be obtained either by severity or indulgence, but by kindness and consistency.

In a well-regulated family, each member discharges the duties of his station with alacrity and cheerfulness; the master is systematic and firm in his commands, but kind in his deportment, promoting the interest and happiness of those dependent on him. His commands are the effect of principle and the love of order. The cold dictatorial or careless indulgent character has not such authority; it does not maintain its proper station; and therefore those around do not maintain theirs. The same principle is fully exemplified in the education of youth; indeed, a good character cannot be formed but by its operation. If strict but kind parental authority be thus essential in the government of families, it is equally necessary in places of education.

By laying down rules for the conduct of youth, they will not only be acquainted with the means by which your favor is to be gained, but be conscious that they possess it. Did your favor depend on their progress in learning, its possession by the young pupil must be distant and uncertain; but now he is excited to the most important and best effort that the mind can be directed to -self-control; when this is obtained, your business and his will be easy.

Obedience in youth is of such inestimable value, that nothing can be substituted in its place: it is the main lever in raising

the human character, and in removing the great obstacles to the reception of knowledge and the love of virtue. The youth who has never learned to obey, will never know how to command others, or govern himself.

Many youth willingly receive instruction, and cheerfully obey; but there are some who resist all authority. These claim much attention and care; obedience must be obtained, or they are ruined. If recourse be had to frequent punishment, it hardens and provokes obstinacy; persuasion, entreaty and promises also fail. What must be done? Take the youth under your special care, acquaint him with your purpose, particularize his faults, admonish him often; but let it generally be done in private; and if he has any generosity, he will feel his obligation, and hate the occasion of it. A refractory boy should be constantly under the eye of the instructor, and every departure from propriety or good behavior should be checked. When the teacher has once entered upon the entire engagement of a scholar, for the purpose of inducing obedience, and when repeated admonition and counsel have been tried in vain, let him be chastised, and let the chastisement be repeated till the mind be subdued. Having proceeded thus far, there can be no compromise; the boy must implicitly submit and yield to your authority.

Such is the nature of the discipline I wish to see generally enforced; because facts, rather than theory, have led me to the conviction, that it is the best,-I may say the only direct way to form the manly and virtuous character. When the will is subdued, and habits of obedience and self-control are in a measure established, the next object of attention is to strengthen and invigorate the mind. Habits of bodily as well as mental exercise must be endured, and that method, whatever it may be, which awakens and calls into operation the latent faculties of the mind, ought to be embraced by every one interested in the important business of education. ACADEMICIAN.

A REFLECTION.It should he remembered that every loathsome inmate of penitentiaries and State prisons, was once a gentle, inoffensive, and prattling child; and that every criminal who has "expiated his crimes on the gallows," was once pressed to a mother's heart, and drew his life-giving nourishment from her bosom. Bad moral training, wrong and debasing examples, do their work, and transform endearing offspring into ferocious men, who shock humanity by the foulness of their guilt, and the monstrous audacity of their crimes. - Eclectic Journal of Education, and Literary Review.

EDUCATION.

THE greatest vices derive their propensity from our most tender infancy, and our principal education depends on the nurse. Mothers are mightily pleased to see a child writhe the neck of a chicken, or please itself with hurting a cat or dog; and such wise fathers there are in the world, who consider it as a notable mark of a martial spirit, when they hear their sons miscall, or see them domineer over a peasant or lackey, that dares not reply or turn again; and a great sign of wit, when they see them cheat and overreach their playfellows by some malicious trick of treachery and deceit: but for all that, these are the true seed and roots of cruelty, tyranny, and treason. Montaigne.

In the education of children, there is nothing like alluring the appetites and affection; otherwise you make so many asses laden with books, and by virtue of the lash, give them their pocket full of learning to keep; whereas, to do well, you should not only lodge it with them, but make them espouse it.-Montaigne.

The aim of education should be to teach us rather how to think, than what to think rather to improve our minds so as to enable us to think for ourselves, than to load the memory with the thoughts of other men. Beattie.

Many fathers there are, that so love their money and hate their children, that lest it should cost them more than they are willing to spare to hire a good schoolmaster for them, rather choose such persons to instruct their children, as are of no worth; thereby beating down the market, that they may purchase a cheap ignorance. It was therefore a witty and handsome jeer which Aristippus bestowed on a sottish father, by whom being asked what he would take to teach his child, he answered, a thousand drachms. Whereupon the other cried out, O, Hercules! how much out of the way you ask! for I can buy a slave at that rate. Do then, said the philosopher, and thou shalt, instead of one, purchase two slaves for thy money; him that thou buyest for one, and thy son for another. - Plutarch.

Wines, the stronger they be, the more lees they have when they are new. Many boys are muddy-headed till they be clarified with age, and such afterwards prove the best. Bristol diamonds are both bright, and squared, and pointed by nature, and yet are soft and worthless; whereas orient ones in India are rough and rugged naturally. Hard, rugged, and dull natures of youth acquit themselves afterwards the jewels of the

country, and therefore their dulness at first is to be borne with if they be diligent. That schoolmaster deserves to be beaten himself who beats nature in a boy, for a fault. And I question whether all the whipping in the world can make their parts, which are naturally sluggish, rise one minute before the hour Nature hath appointed.-Fuller.

A child readily distinguishes between the language of passion and that of reason, and soon comes to despise the former; and when this is the case, there immediately results an inferiority on the part of the parent or teacher, which is entirely subversive of the necessary influence and authority.-John Locke.

Children are to have nothing conceded to their fancy, but only to their wants. If they have been rightly educated, they will have been taught to know that their good is sought in every thing that is done for them, and with this confidence they will learn to leave all matters to the judgment of their guardians.John Locke.

Among the various natural propensities which ought to be made use of to further the objects of education, curiosity is one. The inquiries of children are to be hearkened to with patience and attention, and no satisfaction is to be withheld from them. Consider well what they seek to know, and enlighten them on that particular point, not throwing in more information than they can pleasantly receive; thus they will be pleased by such attention, and gratified with their success, and tempted to new questions.- John Locke.

If the first corruption be not sucked in from the domestic manners, a little providence might secure men in their first entrance into the world; at least, if parents took as much care to provide for their children's conversation, as they do for their clothes, and to procure a good friend for them, as a good tailor. - Clarendon.

A man shall see, where there is a house full of children, one or two of the eldest respected, and the youngest made wantons; but in the midst, some that are as it were forgotten, who, many times, nevertheless, prove the best. The illiberality of parents, in allowance towards their children, is a harmful error, and makes them base; acqaints them with shifts; makes them sort with mean company; and makes them surfeit more when they come to plenty and therefore the proof is best when men keep their authority towards their children, but not their purse.Lord Bacon.