and articulating models. 4. Artificial teeth; the component parts and preparation of the same. 5. Pivot teeth. 6. The manufacture of sets on rubber base. 7. The manufacture of sets on gold base. 8. The manufacture of sets on platina base. 9. The manufacture of sets on celluloid base. 10. The manufacture of sets on continuousgum base. 11. The manufacture of sets on aluminium base. 12. The manufacture of sets on cheoplastic base. 13. Preparation of obturators.

It is evidence of progress to read, in the chapter devoted to the preparation of the mouth, that a set which is fitted in part or whole over roots can never give satisfactory results. Such advice has been sadly needed in Germany, as probably the largest proportion of teeth have been inserted in this way.

The author devotes more space than seems necessary to instruments for excising crowns,—all the more as their use is of doubtful propriety.

A rather odd beginning for a work on mechanical dentistry is the part devoted to the description of nerve instruments, but he brings them into use further on in the insertion of pivot teeth.

Considerable space is devoted to the materials for and the taking of impressions. The directions are generally very good, and in accord with general practice, as is also the preparation and antagonizing of models.

The chapter on pivot teeth is not fully up to the subject as it is understood here, yet upon the whole it is concisely and clearly treated. He gives a limited space to the Bonwill crown, and none at all to some others of perhaps equal value. This branch of the dental art has grown to such proportions in the past few years that it has almost become a specialty in itself, and should have been allotted more space and fuller illustration.

The chapter on rubber base precedes that on gold, for the reason, given by the author, that rubber has entirely thrown the latter into the background. As a result of this opinion, gold is given not only less space, but is greatly lacking in detail. It is a mistake very commonly made, and by no means peculiar to our author, to suppose that the modern dentist has but little use for gold work. That this is not true is daily becoming more and more evident in the practice of the best operators. What is really needed is a return to the exact knowledge and skilled workmanship of thirty years ago.

The fact that he can devote five pages in description of the spiral spring attachment to sets, carries conviction that German mechanical dentist^ has yet something to learn. These have not been inserted here to any extent in the past thirty years, the use of atmospheric plates having rendered them obsolete. The bad practice before mentioned, of leaving roots in the mouth, has rendered spiral springs a necessity; hence all the appliances for the work are kept in stock by dealers, and are in constant use by dentists.

The work closes with a chapter on obturators, reasonably full in description, and in which justice is done to Siiersen, Schiltsky, and Kingsley, theirs being the three most satisfactory forms at present in use.

The book is carefully prepared and satisfactorily illustrated, but is better adapted for the experienced dentist than as an aid in the instruction of beginners. The average writers of books forget that they should write as teachers must teach, if they wish to make them valuable to the inexperienced. The best text-books are those full in detail and clear in explanation. Some change in this respect in future editions will make this work more valuable, both to the practical dentist and the student in his laboratory.—J. T.

Books And Pamphlets Eeceived.

Second .Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Tennessee. October, 1880—December, 1884. Published by authority. Octavo, cloth, 600 pp. Nashville: Albert B. Tavel, printer to the State, 1885.

Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education. No. 2, 1885: "Teachers' Institutes." Washington: Government Printing Office, 1885.

On Herbst's Method of Gold Filling by Eotating Burnishers, by Storer Bennett, F.E.C.S. and L.D.S. Eng., L.E.C.P. Lond. Eeprinted from Transactions of the Odontological Society of Great Britain, January, 1885. London: Harrison & Sons, 1885.

Address, delivered before the American Academy of Dental Science, at their seventeenth annual meeting, held in Boston, November 5, 1884. By Edward N.Harris, D.D.S., of Boston. Boston: Thomas Todd, 1885.

Shadows in the Ethics of the International Medical Congress, by Levi Cooper Lane, A.M., M.D., professor of surgery in Cooper Medical College, etc. San Francisco: A. L. Bancroft & Co., 1885.

GENERAL ULYSSES S. GKAFT.

Died, at Mount McGregor, N. Y., July 23, 1885, Ulysses Simpson Grant, General United States Army (retired list), and ex-President of the United States.

OBITUARY.

ISAIAH FOEBES, D.D.S.

Died, in St. Louis, Mo., July 15, 1885, of general debility, Isaiah Forbes, D.D.S., in the seventy-sixth year of his age.

Dr. Forbes was for many years a prominent member of the dental profession in St. Louis, and was one of the founders of their local society. He was elected vice-president of the American Dental Association in 1873, and was well known throughout the profession. At a meeting of the St. Louis Dental Society, July 16, a committee composed of Dr. C. W. Spalding, W. H. Barnes, and Geo. A. Bowman, was appointed to prepare and reported resolutions, which were adopted, giving formal testimony to the high regard in which Dr. Forbes had ever been held by the society, and expressing the conviction that the profession of dentistry had lost a worthy and valuable member,—one who deserved and received the confidence and respect of his fellow-practitioners, and who was an ornament to the profession to which he belonged. It was ordered that the resolutions be spread upon the records of the society, and that a copy be sent to the family of the deceased. The American Dental Association, at its late meeting at Minneapolis, Minn., also passed appropriate resolutions of respect to the memory of Dr. Forbes.

PERISCOPE.

The Hutchinsonian Teeth.—The test-teeth of inherited syphilis are the two permanent central incisors in the upper jaw. They are known as the Hutchinsonian teeth, after the distinguished Englishman who first accurately described them.* The broad, rather shallow groove in the cutting-surface is the feature which distinguishes them. These teeth are often convergent or divergent, but may be straight, and they are often narrowed on the cutting-edge, but not necessarily so.

Fig. 1. Fig 2.

I have here two casts of the upper set of teeth, showing the characters usually believed to indicate inherited syphilitic disease (Figs. 1 and 2). 1 present with them Hutchinson's original,plate, and a photograph of the woman whose teeth are pictured in Fig. 2, showing the macular syphilide which was upon her when I first saw her. The patient whose teeth are represented in Fig. 1 had inherited syphilis. The patient possessing the teeth represented in Fig. 2 showed no sign of ever having had inherited disease, and came to me with fully-marked secondary syphilis, which she had acquired from her husband. I think the case is interesting, as illustrating the fact that teeth very closely, if not identically, resembling the test-teeth of Hutchinson maybe possessed by a patient who has not inherited the disease. The cases are briefly as follows:

Case VII.—To this case belong the teeth of Fig. 1. One of the outer incisors was crowded out of line by the contraction of the jaw, and appeared behind the alveolar border. It is not represented in the cast, which was taken by the husband of the patient, a plasterer by trade.

In 1878 I first saw this patient, 14 years old, with a large gumma in the right axilla, then ten years old. Her mother who brought her had an old syphilitic ulcer on the leg, at the bottom of which was a necrosed portion of the tibia. The child had also a large node on the left tibia. She had strabismus and bad headache, with some scabs in the scalp. When five weeks old an eruption came out over the entire body, nose, and the feet, and she has suffered from mottled, livid, scaling spots and rheumatic pains ever since. Her treatment had been more or less constant since birth. The child was plainly a victim of inherited disease. The mother was frankly syphilitic, and had miscarried once and produced two dead children before the birth of this child. The father was also syphilitic (ulcers and nodes).

This patient had a variety of disorders, among which was sudden blindness for half an hour at a time; but she recovered of everything, even her strabismus, under treatment; married at the age of 17; produced a healthy child; then took to drink; developed a well-marked tubercular syphilide on the arms, with ulcers on the scalp; miscarried five times in succession, and finally died.

Case VIII.—To this case belong the teeth of Fig. 2. Mrs. X., aged 31, visited me in February, 1884, showing flat, mottled patches of a recent papulo-erythematous syphilide, covering the trunk and extremities, with a few spots on the face. She related that her husband had a sore upon his penis, and had given her a similar ulcer upon the vulva some weeks previously. The sore was well at the date of her visit to me. She showed also mucous patches in the mouth, indurated glands, fall of hair, etc., and the teeth as seen in the cast.

Her father and mother are alive and well, she says. She herself has always been healthy. She has no scars, no syphilitic countenance, no history, and no evidence of any inherited disease. She is robust and well-formed; has had five healthy children, and laughs at the idea of having suffered from any inherited malady. Actually she has recent syphilis.

In March, 1885, one year later, she returned—still under treatment at the hands of her own physician—and presenting well-marked clusters of tuberculo-squamous syphilide in patches upon various parts of the body. The photograph shows the appearance of the first eruption on the chest,—E. L. Keyes, M.D., Medical News.

Chronic Suppuration In The Antrum.—During 1884 three cases of antral suppuration came under my care. They were treated somewhat differently from the method described in most text-books, and with so good a result that I think an account of the cases might be of interest. They are, in most surgeons' hands, admittedly difficult to cure, and treatment generally extends over a considerable period.

The usual treatment is to open the antral cavity freely, if possible, through the alveolus of the bicuspids or molars, and teach the patient to wash out the cavity by* the forcible contraction of the buccinators and orbicularis oris on a dilute disinfectant held in the mouth. I have treated many cases in this way, but always with very unsatisfactory results. I resolved, therefore, to be a little more heroic in my treatment, and instead of the dilute disinfectant, to use a powerful one. Having removed all offending teeth, with none of which the disease appeared to be connected, the cavity was freely opened through the socket of one of the teeth, and freely syringed with a ten per cent, solution of carbolic acid. The cavity was plugged with lint soaked in a twenty-five percent, solution of carbolic acid. This was allowed to remain twenty-four hours, the opening into the mouth being closed by a plate in two cases, and by a plug of cotton-wool soaked in gum-mastic in spirit in the third. This was renewed for several days after syringing the cavity with a ten per cent, solution of carbolic acid, until all fetor (which was of the characteristic kind found in these cases) had disappeared.

From that time for about a month the cavity was syringed every other day with a ten per cent, solution of carbolic acid, but there was no return of the fetor. The pus, in the first instance, was full of bacteria, and had for months, in each case, been a source of great discomfort and anxiety to the patients. They looked anemic, and were losing flesh. All appetite had gone, and they were afraid to go into society. Each case had to be treated with slight differences, but the above treatment is sufficiently accurate to apply to all. I append some notes of one of the cases.

The patient was Miss M., aged 40. Her history was good. There was no splenic taint. She was very anemic, and much thinner than previously; had no appetite, and was always feeling sick; she had a disgusting taste in her mouth at all times, and occasionally a discharge from the nostril. There was a collection of fetid discharge at the back of the throat every morning. She had noticed it for quite six months, and had been treated medically, but with no good result. The breath was very offensive. There was no eczema. The face had been slightly swollen several times, just under the eye. There was very little pain, except when the swelling was coming. I removed several roots of teeth, and opened the cavity through the second bicuspid socket, making the opening as large as possible. A large quantity of very fetid pus was discharged. I syringed the cavity freely with a ten per cent, solution of carbolic acid, and plugged it with lint soaked in a twenty-five per cent, solution of the same. On April 7 I removed the plug, syringed, and applied a fresh plug. There was very little pus, but still fetor. On April 8 there was slight improvement. The treatment was continued. On April 12 she was much better; no fetor. The plug was removed perma