ment of the Ohio, he took measures to repress all disloyal manifestations in Kentucky. He issued an order, pronouncing the penalty of death on all persons found guilty of aiding the rebels, declaring that all sympathizers with them should be arrested and tried or sent beyond the lines.

As the election in Kentucky approached, General Burnside's orders became still more stringent, and finally on the day before, when the enemy seemed to be making a demonstration to influence the suffrage of the citizens, he issued an order declaring the State of July Kentucky invaded by a rebel force 31. with the avowed intention of overawing the judges of election, intimidating loyal voters, keeping them from the polls, and forcing the election of disloyal candidates. "The military of the Government being the only force," declared the orders, "that can defeat such an attempt, the State of Kentucky is therefore placed under martial law." All military officers were commanded to aid the constituted authorities of the State in the support of the laws and in preserving the purity of the suffrage. The order closed with the declaration that"The legally appointed judges at the polls will be held strictly responsible that no disloyal person be allowed to vote, and to this end the military power of the Government is ordered to give them its utmost support."

There were two parties struggling for the ascendency in Kentucky, called the "Union" and the "Democratic," both professing to be attached to the Federal

Government, but the former supposed to be more unconditionally so. Colonel Bramlette was the candidate for Governor of the "Union" party, and the Hon. C. A. Wickliffe that of the "Democratic."

Such were the prudent prevision and decided action of the military authorities, that the threatened intrusion of the secessionists in the election was thwarted. The triumph of the Union party was the result. Colonel Bramlette, the more decided Unionist, and most of the candidates for Congress, whose opinions were supposed to be equally unequivocal, were elected by large majorities.

General Burnside, extending the severity of his military rule to the other States within his department besides Kentucky, was met by demonstrations of popular opposition. Having suppressed the Chicago Times, the citizens showed their indignation by a large and excited meeting, at which resolutions were passed denouncing this military interference with the freedom of the press. On an appeal being made by some prominent men of Illinois to the President, he was prevailed on to revoke the order in regard to the Chicago paper. At the same time, General Burnside,* of his own accord, relieved the N. Y. World from the ban he had imposed upon its circulation.

1863.

THOUGH the Federal authority had been effectually established in Missouri, not only by force of arms, but by the will of its people, its repose continued to be disturbed. Political discord agitated the whole State, and its borders were still the frequent scenes of guerrilla warfare. A band of marauders, under Hicks, was able, by skulking along the banks of the Missouri River where it bounds the State of Kansas, to interfere seriously with its navigation. On the 28th of March they captured the Government steamers Sam Gatty and Murdock, threw overboard 300 sacks of flour, and forty-eight wagon-beds belonging to the Government, and considerable private property, and carried off nine negroes, two soldiers, and several thousand dollars. General Blunt, stationed at Leavenworth, in Kansas, however, was on the alert, and was soon able to report that Major Raum, of the Sixth Kansas, had destroyed Hicks' band of guerrillas in Jackson County, Mo., killing seventeen and hanging two engaged in the robbery of the Sam Gatty, and that he had re

covered some of the "contrabands," and captured twenty-one of the bushwhackers' horses, and seven guerrilla camps. with all their equipage, ammunition, etc.

Again, a large force of marauders, under General Marmaduke, crossed the southeastern border of Missouri, and advanced boldly into the State, stripping the country of everything movable. On approaching Cape Girardeau, they demanded the surrender of the place. General McNeill, the Union commander of the post, having returned a defiant reply, they attacked him, and were April repulsed. McNeill, being rein- 26. forced, pursued the enemy, who were hastily retreating with their long train of over a hundred wagons loaded with plunder. General Vandeveer also joined in the pursuit, and strove to cut them off. Pressing hard upon Marmaduke, he succeeded in overtaking his rearguard and attacked it twice, capturing many prisoners, and recovering considerable property. Vandeveer continued the pursuit as far as Chalk Bluff, near the Arkansas line, but the enemy

Notwithstanding the "destruction" of Hicks' band near the borders of Kansas, another guerrilla party made its appearance in the same neighborhood toward the close of May, and plundered the towns of Richmond and Plattsburg.

The capture, at Pocahontas, Ark., of Aug. the noted General Jeff. Thompson, 23. who had become conspicuous as a partisan leader, and so often disturbed the repose of Missouri by his daring invasions, was a source of great satisfaction to the Unionists. Jeff. Thompson was stationed near the border of Missouri, for the purpose of recruiting a force from the disaffected of that State, and had established himself at Pocahontas, with a large staff and a bodyguard of nearly 200 men. A plan was devised, by the Union commander of the post of Pilot Knob, to surprise and capture him, which proved successful. It is impracticable to narrate all the details of the irregular warfare which continued to be waged in portions of Missouri. A writer thus testifies to its desolating effects.

refugees from the interior are flocking hither at the rate of 500 persons per week. Small and cheap tenements are in great demand. The guerrillas have had free swing in many counties, and their presence is like that of a swarm of locusts, devouring everything in their path. North Missouri has suffered severely from this depopulating process during the last few weeks, and still the bushwhackers abound."

Besides those desolating raids on land, the navigation of the Missouri River was constantly interrupted by guerrilla bands firing from the banks upon passing vessels. An order was consequently issued by the commandant of the post at Jefferson City, forbidding all steamboats to pass that point without a planking five inches thick around the pilot-houses, as the pilots had been so frequently shot. The burning of a number of steamboats by incendiaries at the levee of St. Louis, coincident with that of several upon the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, in accordance, as was supposed, with a general plot of the enemy, served to increase the public anxiety in the much-vexed State of Missouri.

Political dissension added its torments to the other troubles of the State. Although the citizens, generally, of Missouri, had reached the conviction that their best interests demanded the extinction of slavery, they were much divided in regard to the manner of accomplishing it. Great as was the discord on this subject, there was a unanimous expression, at least on the part

of the chosen representatives of public opinion, of attachment to the Union. The senators of the United States, elected by the Legislature, were, though not the political adherents of the Adminis-. tration, undoubtedly supporters of the Federal Government. The unwelcome reception given by Governor Gamble and the Legislature to the Delaware resolutions in favor of an armistice, showed them to be in favor of prosecuting the war, while the readiness with which they concurred in the adoption of a scheme for emancipation, evinced a disposition to further the administrative policy for the Jan. restoration of the Union. A reso29. lution asking Congress to appropriate 25,000,000 of dollars to compensate owners for the liberation of their slaves, was passed by a large majority.

A convention of the State, called chiefly for the purpose of providing for emancipation, met on the 15th of June, and passed the following ordinance, by a vote of fifty-one against thirty-six :

"SECTION 1. The first and second clauses of the twenty-sixth section of the third article of the Constitution is hereby abrogated.

Those over forty years of age, for and during their lives; those under twelve, until they arrive at the age of twentythree; and those of all other ages until the 4th of July, 1870. The persons, or their legal representatives who, up to the moment of emancipation, were owners of slaves hereby freed, shall, during the period for which the services of such freed men are reserved to them, have the same authority and control over the said freed men for the purpose of receiving the possessions and services of the same that are now held by the master in respect of his slaves; provided, however, that after the said 4th of July, 1870, no person so held to service shall be sold to non-residents or removed from the State by authority of his late owner or his legal representative.

"SEC. 3. All slaves hereafter brought into the State, and not now belonging to citizens of the State, shall thereupon be free.

"SEC. 4. All slaves removed by consent of their owners to any seceded State after the passage by such State of an act or ordinance of secession, and thereafter brought into the State by their owners, shall thereupon be free.

SEC. 5. The General Assembly shall have no power to pass laws to emancipate slaves without the consent of their owners.

"SEC. 6. After the passage of this ordinance, no slave in this State shall be subject to State, county, or municipal. taxes."