The next township is Elizabeth Town, which is well watered by the river Tonianta, and three other streams. The isles du Barril lie in front of this township.

The township of Yonge lies next, and is of irregular shape. The river Tonianta empties itself into the St. Lawrence, near the south-east angle of this township. Towards the upper part are the narrows, made by a peninsula from the north shore, and Grenadier Island, which lies in front of this township, as do several smaller ones.

Lansdown is next; it has several small streams, and many islands in its front, but none of any size. Leeds adjoins Lansdown, and is well watered by the river Gananoque, which affords a good harbour at its entrance.

Howe Island lies partly in front of this township, as do several small islands.

Pittsburgh lies above Leeds; part of Wolfe Island and part of Howe Island are in its front. This township adjoins to Kingston; from hence westward, the St. Lawrence opens into the lake Ontario, it being about 120 miles direct from Kingston to Pointe au Bodêt.

The St. Lawrence may be classed with the most noble rivers in the world; its waters flow for the extent of 2000 miles before they reach the ocean : the commercial advantages from such a situation increase in proportion to the population of its banks. The Indian trade, in a great measure, takes its current down the St. Lawrence, particularly

since vessels of a considerable size are daily building for the navigation of the lakes.

The land in all the before-mentioned townships is for the most part fertile, and under as high a state of cultivation as can be expected from the time it has been settled; the first improvements being made since the peace of 1783, when all was in a state of nature, and heavily timbered.

There are more than forty mills in the extent mentioned, on this river, the most remarkable of which are on the Gananoque. Good roads have been opened, and bridges well constructed; some of them over wet lands, and the mouths of creeks and rivers of very considerable extent; and the first settlers have been able, by their very great industry, to erect comfortable houses.

In the rear of these townships, on the St. Lawrence, are 24 others, in which settlements have commenced, to the southward of the Ottowa or Grand River, which many of them front; others are well supplied by the waters of the Radeau, and river Petite Nation, with the Gananoque lakes and streams, all of which afford abundance of situa tions for mills. These rivers, like most others in Canada, abound in sturgeon, bass, and cat-fish; the ponds affording turtle, with fish of various sorts. The lands in their vicinity are differently timbered, according to their quality and situation. The dry lands, which are generally high, bear oak and hickory; the low grounds produce walnut, ash, poplar, cherry, sycamore, beech, maple,

elm, &c. and in some place there are swamps full of cedar and cypress.

The banks of most of the creeks abound in fine pine timber, and the creeks themselves afford in general good seats for saw-mills; materials for building are readily procured.

The heads of the rivers Radeau and Petite Na tion, communicate by short portages, or carryingplaces, with the waters which fall into the St. Lawrence, and promise to afford great advantages to all kinds of inland communication. The forks of the Radeau, about which are the townships of Oxford, Marlborough, and Gower, promise to be, at some future period, an emporium for interior com

merce.

The birch canoes, which go to the north-west country, pass up the Ottowa river with the merchandize, and descend with peltries.

The town of Kingston is situated at the head of the St. Lawrence on the north shore, opposite to Wolfe Island; it occupies the site of old Fort Frontinac, was laid out in the year 1784, and is now of considerable size; it has a barrack for troops, and a house for the commanding officer, an hospital, several store-houses, an episcopal church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a gaol, and court-house. A cove, upon which the town is situated, affords a good harbour for shipping; it is safe, commodious, and well sheltered. Large vessels seldom go below Kingston, although it is navigable to Oswegatehie, about 70 miles down the river; the stores,

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provisions, &c. which are lodged in the depôt at this place, being usually transported there in boats from Montreal.

About Kingston there are several valuable quar ries of limestone, and the country in general is rather stony, which is not found to be detrimental to the crops,

The township which surrounds this town bears the same name.

Ernest-town lays above Kingston; it is watered by two small rivers; Amherst Island lies in its front. In the rear of this township is Camden; the Ap pannee river, on which there are excellent mills, runs through it.

Having passed Ernest-town, the bay of Quinté commences with Fredericksburgh, to the north at its entrance, and Marysburgh to the south.

This bay, which may be considered throughout as a harbour, is formed by a large peninsula, consisting of the townships of Ameliasburgh, Sophias burgh, and Marysburgh, extending easterly from an isthmus, of about one quarter of a mile, where there is a portage at the head, or west end of the bay, to Point Pleasant, the easternmost extremity of the peninsula, opposite to Amherst Island.

The river Trent empties itself into the head of the bay, to the eastward of the portage, and supplies it with the waters of the Rice lake. To the westward of the portage, in lake Ontario, is the harbour of Presque Isle de Quinté, now called Newcastle. This peninsula of the three townships, called the

county of Prince Edward, extending from the main land, like an arm, hides from the lake Ontario the townships of Sydney,Thurlow, Adolphustown, and Fredericksburgh, which front the north side of the bay.

The river Trent, discharging itself between the townships of Murray and Sydney, finds its passage between the county of Prince Edward and the townships on the north side of the bay; its stream is increased by the Appannee river running in from Camden, and, dividing Richmond from Fredericksburgh, joins the waters of the bay near John's island, a small isle opposite to a settlement of Mohawks, so called after Captain John, a Mohawk chief who resides there, and who, with some others of that nation, had a tract of land given them by his Majesty, of about nine miles in front on the bay, and about twelve miles deep: preferring this situation, they separated from the rest of their nation, who were settled on the Grand River, or Ouse.

In Fredericksburgh and Adolphustown there are several fine bays and coves; and in the latter township, there is a small town on the bay opposite to Marysburgh.

The river Shannon runs into the bay at the south-east angle of the township of Thurlow, and the Moira river at the south-west angle of that township.

There are several small coves and bays also in the peninsula of Prince Edward, and a small lake