ALLEN G. THURMAN was born the son of a clergyman, Rev. P. Thurman, in Lynchburgh, Va., November 13, 1813. The next year the family removed to Chillicothe. He was educated at the Chillicothe Academy, and studied law with his uncle, William Allen, later governor, and Noah H. Swayne, afterward judge of the United States Supreme Court. In 1835 he began the practice at Chillicothe. In 1844 he was married to Mary Dun, of Kentucky, and also elected to Congress. In 1851 he was elected a judge of the superior court of Ohio, and from 1854 to 1856, the date of the expiration of his term, was chief-justice. The Ohio Reports containing his decisions gave him a wide reputation as a lawyer and jurist. In 1853 he removed to Columbus, and on leaving the bench resumed his law practice. His opinions on important legal questions were much sought after and relied upon by the bar all over the State, and he was retained as counsel in the supreme court in many of the most important cases. He has always been a laborious student; indefatigable in the preparation of his cases, and a forcible and direct speaker, who wastes no time on immaterial points.

In 1868 he was first elected to the United States Senate, and was a leading member for many years, where he became chairman of the judiciary committee.

"In the session of 1877-78 he reported the bill commonly called the 'Thurman Bill,' to compel the Pacific railroads to secure their indebtedness of nearly seventy millions to the government, and supported it by a written report sustaining its constitutionality and propriety, and also by elaborate and able arguments in the debate that followed. constitutionality of the bill was relentlessly assailed by its opponents, but the law has been sustained by the Supreme Court.

The

Judge Thurman has always been a Democrat of the strictest sect, and not inclined to run after temporary expedients in politics. He firmly believes that the welfare of the country depends upon the preservation of the Democratic party," and to a singular degree he has the respect of the public, irrespective of parties, for integrity and uprightness. In selecting him as their candidate in the canvass of 1888 for the high office of VicePresident the Democratic party is widely judged to have especially honored themselves.

Prof. LEO LESQUEREUX, palæo-botanist, was born in 1806, in Fleurier, canton of Neuchatel, Switzerlan. His ancestors were Huguenots, fugitives from France after the Edict of Nantes. He was destined for the church, but, at nineteen years of age, when he entered the Academy of Neuchatel, he met Arnold Guyot, and together they became much interested in natural science, toward which Lesquereux's tastes and disposition had always inclined. Completing his course in the Academy of Neuchatel, he went to Eisenach, and taught the French language while perfecting himself in the German lan

guage, preparatory to entering the University of Berlin.

In 1829 he returned to Switzerland as principal of the College of La Chaux-de-Fonds, canton of Neuchatel, but, becoming deaf, he gave up this position, and for twelve years supported himself by engraving watch-cases and manufacturing watch-springs; in the meanwhile, however, he continued his studies and researches in natural science, devoting his attention particularly to mosses and fossil botany. In 1832 he married Baroness Sophia von Wolffskeel, daughter of Gen. von Wolffskeel, of Eisenach, Saxe-Weimer.

His researches on peat-formations led to his being commissioned in 1845 by the Prussian government to make explorations on the peat-bogs of Europe. In 1848 he removed to the United States. first locating at Cambridge, Mass., and later at Columbus, Ohio, where he now resides. Appleton's "Biographical Cyclopædia says of his career in the United States:

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He became associated with William S. Sullivant in the study of American bryology. Together they published Musci Americana Exsiccati' (1856; 2d ed., 1865), and subsequently he assisted Mr. Sullivant in the examination of the mosses that had been collected by Capt. Charles Wilkes on the South Pacific exploring expedition and by Lieut. Amiel W. Whipple on the Pacific railroad exploration, and finally in his Icones Muscorum (Cambridge, 1864). His own most valuable researches, beginning in 1850, were studies of the coal formations of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Kentucky, and Arkansas, on which he contributed memoirs to the reports of the State surveys. His investigations on the coal flora of Pennsylvania are of special value. He prepared a 'Catalogue of the Fossil Plants which have been Named or Described from the Coal Measures of North America' for the reports of Henry D. Rogers in 1858, and in 1884 furnished The Coal Flora (3 vols. of text, with an atlas) for the second geological survey of Pennsylvania, which is regarded as the most important work on carboniferous plants that has thus far appeared in the United States. Since 1868 parts of the material in fossil botany have been referred to him by the various national surveys in the field, and he has contributed to their reports the results of his investigations. He is a member of more than twenty scientific societies in the United States and Europe, and in 1864 was the first member that was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. The titles of his publications are more than fifty in number, and include twelve important volumes on the natural history of the United States, besides which he has published 'Letters Written on Germany' (Neuchatel, 1846) and 'Letters Written on America (1847-55). He has also published with Thomas P. James, Manual of the Mosses of North America (Boston, 1884)."

A few years since a leading New York journal made the statement that it was somewhat remarkable that a city like Columbus

This work is an elaborate chemical and microscopical analysis of the nature and operation of many different poisons in their relation to animal life. It is the result of years of patient experimenting, and at the cost of the lives of some 2,000 cats and dogs of the city of Columbus, whose blood and contents of whose stomachs were analyzed to determine the exact appearance of the poisoncrystals after producing death.

That the exact appearance of these poisoncrystals should be reproduced with the utmost accuracy was absolutely necessary to give to the world the benefits of Dr. Wormley's researches.

Throughout the course of his experiments he had been assisted by his wife, who, with remarkable accuracy and delicacy, had made drawings of the crystalline forms. This was a work requiring the most patient and persevering labor, the difficulty of which was immeasurably increased by the volatile character of the forms to be represented, which could only be seen under the microscope, and then but for a few seconds at a time, necessitating their reproduction again and again, until the drawings were completed.

When the work was ready for publication the most distinguished engravers in the country were consulted as to the engraving of the drawings. They all agreed that it would take

years of labor, almost a fortune of money, and that there were but one or two engravers in America possessed of the skill necessary to do the work properly. One of them engraved a plate but it was not acceptable.

Im

Among other engravers consulted was Mr. F. E. Jones, of Cincinnati, long connected with the Methodist Book Concern. pressed by the exceeding delicacy of the drawings, he said to Dr. Wormley, "Whoever made the drawings must engrave the plates.' "Impossible," replied the doctor,for the person who drew the figures knows nothing of engraving." "Whoever can draw like that on paper," said Mr. Jones, "can etch on steel.' It was my wife," said the doctor, beginning almost to despair of having his plates engraved, "and she knows nothing of etching or any other part of engraving."

From an article published in the Ladies' Repository for January, 1868, we quote the following: "The doctor was at length persuaded to procure a steel plate and points. The artist prepared the plate, gave a few items of instruction and explanation to the doctor who was to carry his message and instructions home to his wife.

The indefatigable wife accepted the responsibility and went to work, and in a few weeks came to the artist's office with her etched plate, the product of her own hand, being the

first she had ever seen. She had no knowledge how to take an impression from the plate, nor an engraver's press with which to do it if she had. She was delighted and encouraged when she saw a proof of her first effort which was then taken for her by Mr. Jones. It was so good that with a little correction it might have been used; but she felt that she could do better, and the plate was cancelled. The number of steel plates necessary for the whole work was then ordered. Mrs. Wormley began the labor and in less than a year finished the etching of thirteen plates, containing in all seventy-eight figures.

Encouraged by her success in the use of the point, Mrs. Wormley thought she would try the graver, a tool she had not yet used, and necessary in the finishing of the plates. Her success in that was equal to her etching. She then requested permission to use the ruling machine, of which she knew as little as she had known of the point or graver. In a little while she was mistress of the ruler, and presented to her husband the whole series of plates, the delicate touches of which defy criticism, even under the scrutiny of a microscope! Indeed, the details of many of the figures can only be obtained by means of the lens. They have been pronounced by competent judges the finest set of microscopic plates ever produced in Europe or America. We look upon the result as one of the most wonderful achievements of womanly patience, ɛkill, and perseverance, the full greatness of which it is impossible to make apparent to those who are unacquainted with the difficulties and mysteries of the engraver's

art.

Dr. Wormley, although born at Carlisle, Pa., was a resident of Ohio for about a quarter of a century. He has been elected to honorary membership in many of the most prominent scientific societies of Europe and America. His wife is a native of Ohio, a daughter of Mr. John L. Gill, one of the oldest residents of Columbus, and first president of the Columbus board of trade, and to whom the city is more indebted than to any other citizen for the development of its manufacturing interests.

PHINEAS BACON WILCOX was born in 1798 on "Forty Rod Hill," his father's farm near Middletown, Conn., and died at Columbus in 1863. He was educated at Yale, came to Columbus in 1824, and became eminent as a land and also as a chancery law

yer.

He

He was by turns prosecuting attorney, reporter for the Supreme Court and United States commissioner, which last office he resigned rather than be made instrument in remanding a fugitive slave to bondage. was a fine classical scholar, and had one of the finest law libraries in the West. He had deep religious convictions and was said by a friend to have lived upon Coke and the Bible. He prepared various law works, as “Ohio Forms and Practice,' "Practical Forms Under the Code of Civil Procedure,' With politics he would have nothing to do, other than voting, although a staunch Republican. He never doubted but that the rebellion would be squelched, but the great peril would come after the war from want of loyalty of the South to the General Government.

etc.

SAMUEL GALLOWAY was born of ScotchIrish stock in 1811 at Gettysburg, Pa., and died at Columbus in 1872. He graduated with distinguished honor at Miami university in 1833; was for a time a professor there and at South Hanover, Indiana: later was admitted to the bar at Chillicothe, where he became a partner of Nathaniel Massie. In 1843, being chosen secretary of state, he removed to Columbus. In the session of 1854-5 he represented the Columbus district in Congress, being elected by the Republicans. His speech there on the Kansas bill was a theme for widespread eulogy, alike in this country and in Europe. During the war he was judge advocate for the examination of the prisoners at Camp Chase, and was in constant private correspondence with Mr. Lincoln, who set a high value upon his advice and statesmanlike qualities. He was the trustee for several of the State benevolent institutions and took a prominent part in the councils of the Old-school Presbyterian church. As a lawyer he had great power with a jury, and in wit and humor on the political arena he had scarcely an equal anywhere. His reputation in this respect was late in life a source of regret to him, as the same was with Thomas Corwin. Both gentlemen found that the gathering crowds when they spake came to be amused rather than instructed, which each in turn experienced was an injury to his reputation for the possession of the solid qualities of mind and character which along can bring respect and confidence.

Grand Squirrel Hunt!-The squirrels are becoming so numerous in the county as to threaten serious injury, if not destruction, to the hopes of the farmer during the ensuing fall. Much good might be done by a general turnout of all citizens whose convenience

will permit, for two or three days, in order to prevent the alarming ravages of these mischievous neighbors. It is therefore respectfully submitted to the different townships each to meet and choose two or three of their citizens to meet in a hunting caucus, at the