journey the greater part of the distance on horseback, carrying the baby on a pillow before them. The little boy carried thus was the late Hon. Charles Taylor Sherman, United States District Judge of the northern district of Ohio. Charles Sherman, the father, was elected by the Legislature to the bench of the Supreme Court in 1823; here he remained over six years, when he died suddenly at Lebanon, Ohio, from cholera, while attending court, June 24, 1829. He was but forty-one years of age, and a man of fine legal capabilities. Mary Hoyt Sherman survived him many years. Their tombs are in the cemetery east of Lancaster. Judge Sherman was the father of Hon. John Sherman, born in 1818, now of the United States Senate, and Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, born February 8, 1820; also, Mrs. W. J. Reece, of Lancaster, and Frances, wife of the late Col. Charles W. Moulton, of New York, and other children-eleven in all. A sketch of Senator Sherman is given under the head of Mansfield, Richland county, which has been his home from early manhood. We here give a few paragraphs to WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN : General Sherman, we believe, is the only eminent American named from an Indian chief. His father had seen and greatly admired Tecumseh from his nobility of character and his humanity to prisoners, and he wanted one boy trained for the army. The name, considering the brilliant history of its recipient, is peculiarly appropriate, as in the Indian tongue it signifies the Shooting Star. A few months after his father's death he was taken to the church to be baptized. The preacher, a Presbyterian, objected to baptizing him by the name of a heathen, Tecumseh. He wanted to call the lad simply William. He at once rebelled, saying, "My father called me Tecumseh, and Tecumseh I will be called. If you won't, I'll not have any of your baptism. The preacher yielded. Judge Sherman's widow being left with a large family and her means of support slight, Hon. Thomas Ewing offered to adopt one of the boys and educate him. He consulted with the mother, and "Cump," as the general was then called, a sandy-haired youth, was selected. At the moment the future warrior was playing with other lads in a neighboring sand-bank. The new home was only a stone's throw from his mother's, so the lad was in no danger from attacks of nostalgia. Beside he found in Mr. Ewing's little daughter Ellen a pleasant playmate to vary the monotony of excursions to sand-banks, and who from the very happy intimacy thus began eventually became the queen of his heart and home. Mr. Ewing educated the lad and sent him when 16 years of age to West Point, where he graduated the sixth in his class. He was commissioned second lieutenant in the Third Artillery, and sent to Fort Moultrie, Charleston, thence in 1846 to California, where he rose to the rank of captain. In 1850 he went to Washington, and then married the eldest daughter of his friend and benefactor. Three years later, tired of the monotony of military life, he resigned, and from 1853 to 1857 had charge of a banking-house in California, and again for a short time in New York, but with smali success. Having studied law in the leisure of his army life, he united with his brother-in-law, Thomas H. Ewing and Gen. D. McCook, who were establishing themselves in the law in Leavenworth, Kansas. The practice of the profession not agreeing with his tastes, he was offered and accepted the position in 1859 of President of the Louisiana State Military Academy at a salary of $5,000 per annum. He remained in that position until he saw that civil war was inevitable and then sent in his resignation, with a letter which clearly showed that he read correctly the signs of the hour. This is the closing paragraph of the letter: "I beg you to take immediate steps to remove me as Superintendent the moment the State resolves to secede, for on no earthly account will I do any act or think any thoughts hostile to the defence of the old Government of e United States. It will be seen by the foregoing sketch that Sherman's experience had been a wide one. He was acquainted with many people in many parts of the country; he was impressed with the notion (gained from his life among the people of the South) that the war was to be a long, bitter, and costly one; he went to Washington and had an interview with the President and Secretary of War. He laid his views before them, but they laughed him aside and thought him a crusty and excitable man. He failed to convince the Government that the struggle was to be something more than a temporary storm. Seventy-five thousand troops were called for, and Sherman exclaimed, "You might as well undertake to extinguish the flames of a building with a squirt-gun as to put down this rebellion with three months' troops. We ought, said he, to organize at once for a gigantic war, call out the whole military power of the country. and with its forces strangle the rebellion in its very birth. The five years of bloody contest which ensued demonstrated the truth and power of Sherman's prophecy. In the first battle of Bull Run Sherman was commander of a brigade in the regular army. He fought bravely and desperately. Two-thirds of the loss fell on his brigade. He was shortly made brigadier-general of the volunteers which were sta tioned at Louisville. He had some trouble with newspaper correspondents, and the rumor that he was insane was set afloat. Sherman next distinguished himself at Shiloh. Rousseau, in speaking of his conduct on that field, said, "No man living could surpass him,' and Gen. Nelson remarked a few hours before his death, "During eight hours the fate of the army, on the field of Shiloh, depended on the life of one man. If Gen. Sherman had fallen the army would have been captured or destroyed. Gen. Grant added, "To his individual efforts I am indebted for the success of that battle." Sherman's services before Vicksburg are well known. He was next heard of thundering along the heights of Mission Ridge and Lookout Mountain. Here he added to his reputation and to his services to the country. In the spring of 1863 he began to prepare for his movement upon Atlanta; it was a remarkable campaign, and again demonstrated his wonderful foresight and genius. It was followed by a still more important military movement, the Georgia campaign and the march to the sea. He cut loose from all that was behind him, burned his bridges, threw aside superfluous baggage, and marched without provisions into the heart of the enemy's country. He set at defiance many of the old and established maxims of warfare, and when his daring project was first made public the world was astonished. "Military critics and warriors in this country and in Europe predicted the destruction of his army. They said: "The people of the South and on the line of his proposed march would hang about his army as lightning plays along the thunder clouds.' These same critics declared that people would remove all provisions beyond his reach, so that his soldiers must perish by starvation.' The British Army and Navy Gazette said: 'He has done either one of the most brilliant or most foolish things ever performed by a military leader.' Sherman, however, trusting in Thomas and Grant, his own army, his own genius, and a favoring Providence, set duly out on his march. He drove before him the troops of the enemy, and in a short time established his headquarters in the Executive Mansion at Macon. The soldiers fared sumptuously on the fat of the land. No army was ever more contented or in better condition. The great column swept splendidly on through cities, villages and forests. It was a triumphal march. All opposition melted before them. Savannah was the next point to be gained, and Sherman was soon able to send the following despatch to the President of the United States: I beg to present to you as a Christmas gift the city of Savannah with 150 guns and plenty of ammunition and about 25,000 bales of cotton.' "So ended one of the most remarkable campaigns in the world's military history. To the prestige of his Georgia achievements Sherman soon added the glory of a successful campaign in the Carolinas. He swept on in his resistless way and practically received the surrender of Johnston at Raleigh, though the War Department fell out with him about his terms with the rebel commander, and finally sent Gen. Grant to arrange for the surrender of Johnston's army. "Sherman was appointed lieutenant-general in 1866, and in 1869 became commanderin-chief. He has had ample justice done to the daring originality of design, the fertility of resource, the brilliant strategy and untiring energy, that made Gen. Grant pronounce him the best field officer the war had produced.' He retired from the command of the army of the United States November 1, 1883." Of the many interesting characters that adorned our military annals not one occupies a warmer place in the affections of his countrymen; and, moreover, he has the singular distinction of refusing to become Chief Magistrate when it was freely offered. In the progress of the nation but a little time will elapse when the names of most of those on the long roll of its Presidents will be forgotten, but never that of the bold, gallant leader of the famous "March to the Sea." It is in place here to give the famous army song which Sherman's veterans chanted on their victorious march. It was written by Adj. Byers, of the Fifth Iowa, while in the prison at Columbia, S. C., and being set to music, was frequently sung by the captives as a relief to the monotony of their prison life. After Wilmington was taken it was sung in the theatre, producing immense enthusiasm. THE MARCHING SONG OF SHERMAN'S ARMY ON THE WAY TO THE SEA. Our camp fires shone bright on the mountains While we stood by our guns in the morning When a rider came out from the darkness The bar of Fairfield county has from early times been pre-eminent. We here notice some of the more prominent. HOCKING H. HUNTER was among them, and alike valued professionally and as a man. He was the son of Joseph Hunter, the first white man to build a cabin in the Hocking valley. He named his son from the river. The latter died in 1872. WILLIAM J. REESE, a lawyer, who came, in 1827, from Philadelphia to Lancaster, was a prominent Mason, and is said to have been the first Scottish-rite Mason in Ohio. He was a man of rare culture and refinement. He died in 1883, and his widow, a sister of Gen. Sherman, still survives him. PHILEMON BEECHER was one of the Connecticut Beechers; was born in Kent, Litchfield county, in 1775, came out here early, represented this district in Congress from 1817 to 1827, and died about 1840. Was in politics a Whig, and a man of fine address and presence. He it was who gave Thomas Ewing his first law business of any moment. The very elegant HENRY STANBERY, who began his law practice in Lancaster, and lived here for many years, married for his first wife a daughter of Mr. Beecher. He later lived in Columbus and in the vicinity of Cincinnati, and ended his professional career as Attorney-General of the United States under President Johnson. WILLIAM MEDILL was the eleventh governor of the State, and the first under the new Constitution, which he had done so much to mould. He came from the State of Delaware, and opened a law office in Lancaster in 1832. He early acquired the public confidence, and arose to distinction; was a Democrat, and ambitious politically; was three times elected to the Ohio Legislature. In 1838-41 he was a member of Congress, serving four years. He occupied the position of Indian agent at Washington, and, in 1860, held the office of First Comptroller of the Treasury under Buchanan. In the fall of 1852 he was elected lieutenant-governor of Ohio, and acted as governor the latter part of the term. In 1854 he was chosen governor. He was never married, and at his death, in Lancaster, in 1865, left a large estate. He was a man of superior ability and character. In his administration of the Indian Department he inaugurated many needed reforms, and won the regard of the Indians by his just, kind treatment. The Ohio Boys' Industrial School was founded in 1858 by the Legislature, who appointed three commissioners, and they purchased a farm site of 1,170 acres six miles a little south or southwest of Lancaster, high up on the hills and 500 feet above the town. The following description is from the "County History:" charge of the State Reform School of Connecticut, at Meriden, which he still retains. From an humble beginning the farm has grown into gigantic proportions and beauty. The soil for the most part is thin, but it seems well adapted to fruits-as apples, pears, peaches, berries, grapes, etc.-of which large quantities as well as garden vegetables are produced and consumed in the institution. numbering usually about 600 inmates. The institution became popular from the start; the log structures soon disappeared and fine brick buildings took their place. The present value of the farm with all its buildings and improvements is over half a million dollars. The total number of pupils who have passed through the school is over 4,000, of whom it is estimated eighty per cent. have become good citizens. The main building is 161 feet in length, with projections. It contains offices, reception-rooms, parlors, dining-rooms, residence, guest-rooms, storage-rooms, council-chamber, and telegraph-offices. The kitchen, culinary department, and boys' dining-rooms are all in projections of the main building. What are denominated family buildings are two-story bricks, with basement. The basement is the wash-room and play-place for the boys; the second story is the schoolroom and apartments of the elder brother and his family the third story is the sleeping apartment for boys. There are nine of these family buildings, besides union family buildings. The other buildings of the farm are the chapel, shops, laundry and wash-houses, water-tower, bake-house, engine-house, stables, hot-houses, coal-houses, hospital," chamber of reflection," besides many other outbuildings. The buildings are disposed in squares, more or less spaced, and altogether Occupy an area of about twenty acres. The Ohio building, which is the home of the small boys, is isolated from the others, and stands off a third of a mile to the east, and is connected with the chapel and main grounds by a plank walk. A telegraph line connects it with the main buildings shown in the engraving. The grounds are laid off with gravel drives and plank walks, and are beautifully decorated with evergreen trees, arbors, flower-houses, and grass-lawus. The family buildings are named after rivers in Ohio, thus: Muskingum, Ohio, Hocking, Scioto, Cuyahoga, Huron, Maumee, Miami, and Erie. The family of boys of each building take the family name after the building, as the Maumee family, Hocking family, etc. In the incipient state of the school some discrepancy of opinion existed in regard to modes of discipline. By some it was proposed to adopt the House of Refuge plan, in part, in connection with the " open system. The latter was adopted. The term system signifies that an establishment is not walled in like a prison, but is all open to the surrounding country, the same as it would be were it not a place of confinement. open The time of the boys is divided between work of some kind, school, and recreation. Every boy is half the day in school and the other half at work. There is an hour for dinner. Recreations in the form of playing ball and other athletic plays are taken after supper, on Saturday afternoons, and holidays. Each family is under the management of an officer denominated the elder brother, whose wife, with few exceptions, is the teacher. The branches taught are those of a common-school education. The boys are held to close and rigid discipline, but treated with uniform kind..ess and trust. One of the leading features of the discipline is to inspire the inmates with the ambition of earning a good reputation for trustworthiness. Corporal punishment is only resorted to in extreme cases, and is always with the rod. A lockup is provided for the most incorrigible, and is denominated the "chamber of reflection.' In addition to school education and manual labor on the farm mechanical branches are also taught. The institution has a shoe and boot manufacturing establishment, a brush factory, a tailor-shop, a cane-seat making department, a telegraph-office, and a printingoffice, from which is issued a weekly newspaper, edited and printed by the boys. Other mechanical trades have been learned there that have been highly creditable to the institution, and greatly advantageous to the inmates. The management find homes for them on their discharge. The time of commitment depends upon conduct, as no time is specified, this matter being optional with the superintendent. Boys under sixteen years of age who commit penitentiary crimes are usually sent to the Reform Farm, and some who have been sentenced to the State prison have been commuted to the farm. Religious instruction is given in the chapel and Sunday-school, and presided over by alternation of clergymen of different denominations. There is also a library provided by the State, and from which they draw books under regulations. TRAVELLING NOTES. My experience has been peculiar—a Sunday passed at the Industrial School of Ohio, high on the hills six miles south of Lancaster. I went out Saturday afternoon in a carriage belonging to the institution. The ride out was invigorating; all the way up hill, with peeps down into side valleys where, in little dimpling spots, farmhouses were snugly nestled with orchards and vineyards. It is an interesting spot. I felt while there as if I was lifted above the world, the location is so sightly and so secluded. It seemed as if one could see over everything. To the west, points thirty miles away in Pickaway county, and to the east, in Perry county, about as far, are in view. With a glass, I am told, one can discern the spire of St. Joseph, near Somerset, a place associated with the boy days of Phil. Sheridan. He The institution is under the charge of Mr. J. C. Hite, a tall, venerable-looking gentleman, who gave me a cordial welcome. was born on a farm, and has had a varied experience as farmer, teacher, bookseller, county auditor, and now superintendent. The boys address him as "Brother," as they do all of the officers. In the evening Mr. Hite took me over to the buildings, a quarter of a mile away, where dwell the smaller boys from ten to twelve years of age. About 200 were in the school-room seated on benches, and in the centre was a black boy cutting the hair of his mates. It was Saturday night, and they were preparing for Sunday. Presently they marched around the room in single file preparatory to retiring-marched to music; and then I witnessed a sight that surprised me. A boy passed me completely transformed; he marched stiff, head thrown back, arms stiff by his side, his face transfused, expression intense, and he seemed completely as if under the influence of melody and rhythm. In a moment another went by in like manner affected, and then another, and so in that long string of marchers about one in five were thus possessed. Mysterious power, this of music, to lift the soul into the far-away realms of what we fancy without a particle of knowledge must be akin to the spirit-world. And what a lever this emotional faculty is to work upon in this checkered life of ours for good or evil! The scene on the lawn the next morning, the first Sunday in May, was charming. It was alive with birds. Birds are social, seek the company of man, and here are none to molest or make afraid. The variety is great, and at times the lawn is fairly studded with robins. Here, too, fly the blue-birds, the yellow-birds, scarlet-tanagers, mocking-birds, the modest little chip-bird, who says, "Is there room for me in the world?" and the saucy little sparrow, who asks no odds of anybody, and tries to fight its way into the boxes of the martens, but can't quite make it; woodpeckers from the adjacent woods beat their rataplan, and whip-poor-wills in the shadows of night send forth their sad, reproachful cries. Ten o'clock came, and then opened a beautiful sight. My ears were arrested by a slow, measured tramp, tramp, on the planks, like that of soldiers. And then I saw what it was: the boys, in companies of about fifty, |