fications are found in three places in the county, the most remarkable of which is in the lower part of Liberty, about eleven miles below Delaware, on the east bank of the Olentangy. Indian Villages.-There were formerly two villages belonging to the Delawares, mostly within the limits of the present town of Delaware. One occupied the ground around the east end of William street, and the other was at the west end, extending from near the sawmill to the hill-side. Upon the ground now occupied by the town, they cultivated a corn-field of about 400 acres. The Mingoes had a small village half a mile above town, on "horse-shoe bottom," where they also raised corn. Many of the old pioneers entertained towards the Indians an inveterate hatred, and did not consider it really criminal even to murder them. One time, after the last war, a dead Indian was seen floating down the Scioto on two logs, lashed together, having his gun and all his accoutrements with him. He had been shot, and the people believed the murderer was George Shanon, who had been in service considerably during the war, and one time when out, not far from Lower Sandusky, with a small company, fell in with a party of warriors and had to retreat. He lingered behind till he got a shot, and killed one. As soon as he fired, several Indians sprang forward to catch him alive, but being swift on foot, he could easily keep ahead, when he suddenly came to an open field, across which he had to run or be cut off. The Indians gained the first side just as he was leaping the fence on the other and fired at him, one ball entering his hip. He staunched the blood by stuffing the hole with a portion of his shirt, that they might not track him, and crawled into the brush; but they gave up the chase, thinking they had not hit him, and being convinced of his superior fleetness. Shanon got into camp and was conveyed home, but he was always lame afterwards, and fostered an unrelenting desire for vengeance towards the whole race, not excepting the innocent and harmless. As late as 1820 two Indians were murdered on Fulton's creek. A party came down there to hunt, as was customary with them every fall, and Henry Swartz ordered them off. They replied,No! the land belongs to the white man the game to the Indian," and insisted that they were friends and ought not to be disturbed. A few days after, two of their number were missing, and they hunted the entire country over without finding them, and at last found evidence of human bones where there had been a fire, and immediately charged Swartz with killing and burning them. They threatened vengeance on him, and for several years after he had to be constantly on his guard to prevent being waylaid. It was never legally investigated, but the neighbors all believed that Swartz, aided probably by Ned Williams, murdered and disposed of them in the manner the Indians suspected, and at one time talked of driving them out of the settlement. They were considered bad men, and never prospered afterwards. DELAWARE IN 1846.-Delaware, the county-seat, is pleasantly situated on rolling ground upon the western bank of the Olentangy river, twenty-four miles north from Columbus. The engraving shows the public buildings on one of the principal streets of this neat and thriving town. The churches which appear are respectively, commencing on the right, the First Presbyterian, the Episcopal, and the Second Presbyterian; between the first two the Methodist church, a substantial stone structure, is partially shown in the distance. The large building seen beyond the Second Presbyterian church is the "Hinton House," one of the largest and best constructed hotels in Ohio. The town contains the Ohio Wesleyan University, 4 taverns (one, the Hinton House, being among the largest in Ohio, having over 100 rooms), 8 dry-goods stores, 3 drug stores, 1 shoe store, 1 confectionery and variety store, and 2 small groceries; 2 divisions of the Sons of Temperance, 1 Odd Fellows' lodge, 1 Masonic society, 2 printing offices, from which issue weekly the Olentangy Gazette (Whig), by Abel Thomson, and the Loco Foco (Dem.), by George F. Stayman. The latter commenced in 1845; the former in 1821, by Hon. E. Griswold, then called the Delaware Patron and Franklin Chronicle. The first paper in town was published in 1818 by Rev. J. Drake and Joseph S. Hughs. Delaware also contains 2 saw mills, 1 flouring mill, 1 oil mill, and the woollen factory of Messrs. Howard & Sharp, carrying on quite an extensive business; 8 lawyers, 7 physicians, a full quota of mechanics, 275 dwellings, and about 2,000 inhabitants, including South Delaware, which properly belongs to it, though not included in the corporation. The Delaware bank, with a capital of $100,000, is a branch of the State bank. A bank was opened in 1812, but failing to get a charter the next winter it wound up, redeeming all its notes; and during the same year a swindling concern, called the "Scioto Exporting Company," was started by a posse of counterfeiters, who drew in some others, but it was destroyed by the citizens before they could get a large amount of paper afloat. The population of Delaware in 1840 was 898. Delaware was laid out in 1808 by Col. Moses Byxbe and Hon. Henry Baldwin, of Pittsburg, who had purchased a large tract of land for that purpose. They sold the lots at private sale, at the uniform price of $30, the purchaser taking his choice. Joseph Barber put up the first cabin in the fall of 1807. It stood close to the spring, and was made of poles, Indian fashion, fifteen feet square, in which he kept tavern. The principal settlers were Messrs. Byxbe, William Little, Dr. Lamb, Solomon Smith, Elder Jacob Drake (Baptist preacher), Thomas Butler, and Ira Carpenter. In the spring of 1808 Moses Byxbe built the first frame house, on William street, lot 70, and the first brick house was erected the ensuing fall by Elder Drake, on Winter street, where Thomas Pettibone's mansion now stands ; being unable to get but one mason, his wife laid all the brick of the inside walls. The court-house was built in 1815, the year in which the town was incorporated. The Methodists commenced the first meeting-house in 1823 (now the schoolhouse), but it was not finished for several years. The old churches of the First Presbyterians and the Episcopalians were built in 1825, upon the sites on which the present beautiful edifices were erected in 1845. The Second Presbyterian church was erected in 1844, the new Methodist church in 1846, and the Lutheran church in 1835.-Old Edition. The Ohio Wesleyan University has been recently established at Delaware, with fine prospects of success-the Rev. Edward Thomson, D. D., president. The college edifice stands on a pleasant elevation in the southern part of the village, and embraces within its grounds ten acres of land, including the sulphur spring. The springs here have long been known. Tradition states that the Indians resorted to them to use the waters and to kill the deer and buffalo which came here in great numbers. Before the grounds were enclosed in the early settlement of the county the domestic animals for miles around made this a favorite resort in the heats of summer, and appeared satisfied with no other water. The water is said to be similar to that of the celebrated white sulphur springs of Virginia, and equal in their mineral and medicinal qualities. The water is cooler, being as low as 53°, contains more gas, and is therefore lighter and more pleasant than that of the Virginia water. Many cures have been effected of persons afflicted with scrofulous diseases, dyspepsia, bilious derangements of the liver and stomach, want of appetite and digestion, cases of erysipelas when all the usual remedies had failed, and injuries inflicted by the excessive use of calomel.-Old Edition. Aside from the long-famed spring above described this region seems to abound in mineral springs. On the outskirts of the town, in the valley of Delaware Run, in an area of about thirty-seven acres, is a collection of five flowing springs called "Little's Springs," consisting of as many different varieties of water-white sulphur, black sulphur, magnetic, iron, and fresh water. Delaware is on the Olentangy river, 24 miles north of Columbus, 131 miles from Cincinnati, 114 from Cleveland, 88 from Toledo, on the C. C. C. & I. and C. H. V. & T. railroads, very nearly in the centre of the State, 378 feet above Lake Erie, and 943 above the sea-level. County officers in 1888: Probate Judge, Norman É. Overture; Clerk of Court, John M. Shoemaker; Sheriff, William J. Davis; Prosecuting Attorney, Frank Kauffman; Auditor, John J. Ramage; Treasurer, N. Porter Ferguson; Recorder, Frank E. Sprague; Surveyor, Edmund S. Minor; Coroner, Robert C. Wintermute; Commissioners, John L. Thurston, James C. Ryant, George W. Jones. Newspapers: two dailies-Chronicle; Gazette, Independent, A. Thomson & Son, publishers. Weeklies-Herald, Democratic, James K. Newcomer, editor and publisher; Saturday Morning Call; Gazette, Republican, A. Thomson & Son, publishers. Banks: First National, C. B. Paul, president, G. W. Powers, cashier; Delaware County National, S. Moore, president, William Little, cashier; Deposit Banking Company, S. P. Shaw, president, H. A. Welch, cashier. Churches: 4 Methodist Episcopal, 1 German Methodist Episcopal, 2 Colored Methodist Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Colored Baptist, 2 Lutheran, and 1 Catholic. Manufactures and Employees.-Clark & Young, builders' supplies, 15 hands; Delaware Chair Company, 205; Riddle, Graff & Co., cigars, 104; J. Hessnauer, cigars, 21; Delaware Co-operative Cigar Company, 12; M. Neville, carriages, etc.; L. Miller, carriages, etc., 15; Frank Moyer, carriages, etc.; J. A. Broedbeer, cigar boxes, 12; C. C. C. & I. R. R. Shops, 150; J. Rubrecht, carpenter work, 15.-State Report for 1887. Also, brick, carpets, mineral waters, stoves, and pumps. Population in 1880, 6,894. School census in 1886, 2,621; J. L. Campbell, superintendent. The great distinguishing feature of this pleasant town is as an educational point. The Ohio Wesleyan University located here is one of the largest in America under the auspices of the Methodist Church. It was founded in 1842. The Ohio Wesleyan Female College, founded in 1853, was consolidated with the University in 1877, and the two institutions are now conducted as one, ladies being admitted to all branches of study. This part of the institution has the finest and largest of the college edifices: it is called Monnett Hall, and is about ten minutes' walk from the Male Department, in a pretty campus of about ten acres. Over 1,100 young men and women have graduated from the University, and several thousand have taken a partial course; "the annual attendance has reached to 830." The University has a very complete Conservatory of Music, a flourishing Art Department, and a Commercial Department, giving a business training. On William street, one block from the post-office, in Delaware, in a house now owned and occupied by J. J. Richards, was born on October 4, 1822, RUTHERFORD B. HAYES, the nineteenth President of the United States. The front is of brick and the rear wood. When a boy he went to a private school-that of Mrs. John Murray-on Franklin street. A brother of his was drowned while skating in the Olentangy; a melancholy incident, remembered by the older citizens. His father, Rutherford Hayes, a Vermonter, came to Delaware in 1817, and engaged in merchandising. He died in the very year of his son's birth (1822), leaving a widow and three young children, with a large, unsettled business. Sardis Birchard, a brother of the widow, then a youth of sixteen, emigrated with the family from Vermont. He worked with his brother-in-law in building, farming, driving, taking care of stock, and employing all his spare hours in hunting, and was enabled with his rifle to supply his own and other families with turkeys and venison. He was a handsome, jovial young man, a universal favorite, and devoted to his sister and her little flock. In 1827, when the future President was five of Mr. Birchard removed to Fremont, then Lower Sandusky, and years age, from that date it became the home of the family. Mr. Hayes graduated at Kenyon in 1840, then prepared in Columbus for entrance into the Harvard Law School, where he in due time also graduated. It was at this period he illustrated his regard for his native State, which all through his career has been a marked trait. The anecdote is thus related in the history of Delaware county, with which we here close, referring the reader to a more extended notice of him under the head of Sandusky county. It was in 1844, while a law student at Cambridge, that Mr. Hayes went to Boston to witness a demonstration in honor of Henry Clay, who was a candidate for President against James K. Polk. The campaign was an exciting one, and hotly contested from the opening to the close. Upon the occasion referred to, the Hon. Cassius M. Clay was to make a speech before the Henry Clay club, and the most extensive preparations had been made for a big day. In accordance with the customs of those times, a grand civil parade was a chief feature of the proceedings. Mr. Hayes met Mr. Aigin, from Delaware, whom he recognized, and, while standing in front of the Tremont House, 66 66 |