[The view shows in the distance Lake Erie. The valley is now for miles filled with manufacturing establishments--a scene of busy industry. The viaduct now spans the valley in the middle background from plateau to plateau, 3,211 feet in length, 68 feet high and 64 feet wide.]

The population of Cleveland, on the east side of the Cuyahoga, was, in the year 1796, 3; 1798, 16; 1825, 500; 1831, 1,100; 1835, 5,080; 1840, 6,071; and 1846, 10,135. Of the last, 6,780 were natives of the United States; 1,472 of Germany; 808 of England; 632 of Ireland; 144 of Canada; 97 of the Isle of Man, and 96 of Scotland.

OHIO CITY (united to Cleveland in 1854) is beautifully situated on a commanding eminence on the west side of the Cuyahoga, opposite Cleveland. It was incorporated as a city, March 3, 1836, and its government vested in a mayor and council. The city is divided into three wards, and is well laid out and built. There are three churches, viz.: 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist Episcopal, and 1 Episcopalian-the last of which is a Gothic structure of great beauty. The population of Ohio City, in 1840, was 1,577, and in 1845, 2,462.-Old Edition.

Cleveland is on the line of seven railroads, viz.: C. & C.; C. C. & C.; C. C. C. & I.; L. S. & M. S.; N. Y. C. & St. L.; N. Y. L. E. & W.; Penn. Co.; V.: in a direct line about 600 miles from New York and 450 from Chicago. County officers in 1888: Probate Judge, Henry Clay White; Auditor, William H. Brew; Clerk, Levi E. Meacham; Prosecuting Attorney, Alexander Haddon; Recorder, Alfred T. Anderson;

Sheriff, Erasmus D. Sawyer; Surveyor, James F. Brown; Treasurer, David W. Kimberly; Commissioners, Alfred A. Jerome, George A. Schlattereck, Wilbur Bently. The following newspapers are published in Cleveland: Evening News and

Herald, Leader and Morning Herald, Republican, daily, Leader Printing Company, publishers; Plain-Dealer, Democratic, morning and evening daily, Plain-Dealer Publishing Company, editors and publishers; Anzeiger, German Independent Republican, William Kauffman, editor, Anzeiger Publishing Company, publishers; Wächter am Erie, German Democratic, daily, Wächter am Erie Publishing Company, editors and publishers; Press, Independent daily. In addition to the above dailies are 48 weekly, bi-monthly and monthly journals, devoted to commerce, agriculture, religion, science, history, temperance, society, etc. Of these, 9 are printed in German, 2 Bohemian, and one devoted to the interests of the colored race. The official organ of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers is also published here.

BANKS.-Broadway Savings and Loan Company, Joseph Turney, president, O. M. Stafford, treasurer; Citizens' Savings and Loan Association, J. H. Wade, president, W. S. Jones, treasurer; Cleveland National Bank, S. S. Warner, president, P. M. Spencer, cashier; Commercial National Bank, Dan. P. Eells, president, David Z. Norton, cashier; East End Savings Bank Company, J. H. McBride, president, Charles A. Post, treasurer; Euclid Avenue National Bank, John L. Woods, president, Solon L. Severance, cashier; First National Bank, James Barnett, president, H. S. Whittlesey, cashier; Mercantile National Bank, Truman P. Handy, president, Charles L. Murfey, cashier; National Bank of Commerce, J.

H. Wade, president, F. E. Rittman, cashier; Ohio National Bank, John McClymonds, president, Henry C. Ellison, cashier; National City Bank, W. P. Southworth, president, J. F. Whitelaw, cashier; People's Savings and Loan Association, Robert R. Rhodes, president, A. L. Withington, treasurer; Savings and Trust Company, C. G. King, president, H. R. Newcomb, treasurer; Society for Savings, S. H. Mather, president, M. T. Herrick, treasurer; South Cleveland Banking Company, Joseph Turney, president, James Walker, treasurer; Union National Bank, M. A. Hanna, president, E. H. Bourne, cashier; West Side Banking Company, Lee McBride, president, Thomas M. Irvine, cashier; Crumb & Baslington, E. B. Hale & Co., W. J. Hayes & Sons, Lamprecht Bros. & Co., Charles H. Potter & Co., Henry Wick & Co., Cleveland Clearing House Association, Truman P. Handy, president, A. H. Wick, secretary.

Colleges and Scientific Institutions.-The Adelbert College of the Western Reserve University; Case School of Applied Sciences; Kirtland Society of Natural Sciences; Western Reserve and Northern Ohio Historical Society; Medical Department of Western Reserve University; Medical Department University of Wooster; Homœopathic College.

Charitable Institutions.-City Infirmary; Charity Hospital; City Hospital; Hospital for Women; Asylum for Insane; Homoeopathic Hospital; House of Maternity; St. Alexis Hospital; University Hospital; Protestant Orphan Asylum; Children's Home; House of the Good Shepherd; Little Sisters of the Poor.

Public Libraries.-Cleveland, 51,000 volumes; Case, 21,000 volumes; Law, 9,000 volumes.

Cleveland has in all 186 churches and missions. These are divided into many denominations, as 26 Roman Catholic, 14 Baptist, 4 Disciples, 15 Congregational, 9 Evangelical Association, 2 Evangelical, 1 Independent, 11 Evangelical Lutheran, 7 Evangelical Reformed, 1 Free Methodist, 1 Friends, 9 Hebrew, 21 Methodist Episcopal, 11 Presbyterian, 2 United Presbyterian, 14 Protestant Episcopal, 4 Reformed Dutch, 1 Spiritualist, 1 Swedenborgian, 1 Unitarian, 3 United Brethren, 1 Wesleyan Methodist, 1 Seventh Day Advent, 1 Church of God, 1 Floating Bethel, etc., etc. These are conducted by various nationalities: English, German, Hebrew, Welsh, Poles, Hungarian, Bohemian, Scandinavian, Italian, etc.

MANUFACTURES AND EMPLOYEES.-The manufactures of Cleveland are immense. Henry Dorn, Chief State Inspector of Workshops and Factories, in his report for 1887 gave a list of 462 establishments. Of these, one hundred and thirty-eight employed 50 hands or over; eighty-one, 100 hands or over; thirtytwo, 200 hands or over; eleven, 400 hands or over; six, 600 hands and over, of which one was the Standard Oil Company with 2,000 hands, and the other the Cleveland Rolling Mill with 4,150 hands, but which at times exceeds 5,000 hands. We annex a list of those with 100 hands or over, eighty-one in number:

American Wire Co., 465; Prospect Machine Co., engines and machinery, 220; Lake Erie Iron Co., forging bolts and nuts, 250; Cleveland Hardware Co., carriage hardware, 178; H. P. Nail Co., wire and wire nails, 505; Cleveland City Forge, iron forgings, 425; Britton Iron and Steel Co., iron and steel plate, 215; Buckeye Bridge and Boiler Works, boilers and bridges, 106; Ohio Steel Works, steel, 625; King Iron Bridge Manufacturing Co., bridges, roofs, etc., 225; T. H. Brooks & Co., iron founders, 108; Cleveland and Pittsburg R. R. Co., car repairs, 125; Lake Shore Foundry Co., iron castings, 281; Lake Shore R. R. Car Shops, railroad repairs, 150; Standard Tobacco and Cigar Co., tobacco and cigars, 260; A. W. Sampliner, cloaks, 235; D. Black & Co., cloaks, 205; Landesman, Herscheimer & Co., cloaks, 255; Schneider and Trenkamp Co., gasoline stoves, etc., 250; Cleveland Ship-building Co., engines and ships, 200; Theodore Kunetz, sewing-machine cabinet work, 335; Cleveland Burial Case Co., undertakers' supplies, 205; Globe Iron Works Co., iron steamships, etc., 275; Globe Iron Works Co.'s Ship-Yard, iron steamships, etc., 268; Powell Tool Co., edge tools, 100;

Myers, Osborn & Co., stoves, 200; Garry Iron Roofing Co., iron roofing, 152; Gorham & Sargent, washboards, 115; C. C. C. & I. R. R. Shops, railroad repairs, 350; Palmer & Dellory, castings, 115; Bowler & Co., car wheels and castings, 150; Sherwin & Williams, paints, etc., 250; Cleveland Provision Co., provision and packing house, 225; Stafford & Son, soap, 600; Murphy & Co., varnish, 182; Peck, Stow & Wilcox, hardware, 232; Taylor & Boggis Foundry Co., castings, 188; Sturtevant Lumber Co., planing-mill, 147; Variety Iron Works Co., machinery and castings, 225; Lamson, Sessions & Co., butts and bolts, 300; Woods, Jenks & Co., planing-mill, 100; Maher & Brayton, castings, 160; Colwell & Collins, bolts and nuts, 150; The Upson Nut Co., nuts, bolts, etc., 122; Hotchkiss & Upson Co., bolts and screws, 350; Riverside Blast Furnace, pig iron, 150; Standard Oil Co., oils, 2,150; Frederick Hempy & Co., packing cases, etc., 180; Central Blast Furnace, pig iron, 175; Grasselli Chemical Co., chemicals, 100; Cleveland Paper Co., paper, 180; White Sewing Machine Co., sewing machines, 505; Comey & Johnston, straw goods, 105; Felsenheld Bros. & Co., ladies' wraps, 100; S. Kennard & Son, shoes, 102; The Walker Manufacturing Co., power transmitting machinery, 200; Chapin Bolt and Nut Co., bolts and nuts, 186; W. S. Tyler's Wire Works, wire goods, 164; Union Steel Screw Co., wood screws, 190; Standard Lighting Co., incandescent lamps, 106; Brush Electric Light Co., elettric machinery, 525; Taylor & Boggis Foundry Co., castings, 105; I. N. Topliff Manufacturing Co., carriage hardware, 105; Standard Sewing Machine Co., sewing machines, 230; Cleveland Malleable Iron Co., malleable iron, 550; Van Dorn Iron Works, iron specialties, 102; Eberhard Manufacturing Co., malleable iron, 615; Union Rolling Mill Co., iron,. 335; American Lubricating Oil Co., oils, 187; F. Mulhauser, shoddies, 310; Beckman, Senior & Co., woolen goods, 100; Cleveland Rolling Mill Co., iron and steel, 4,150; Strong, Cobb & Co., druggists, 662; Publishing House Evangelical Association, publishers, 130; Dangler Stove Manufacturing Co., vapor stoves, etc., 130; H. B. Hunt, sheet iron work, 120.

Lake Commerce.-According to the Marine Record of Cleveland, the total number of hulls and tonnage on the lakes at the close of 1887 was 3,537 vessels with a total tonnage of 905,277 tons.

The custom house report for the same year showed imports of the value of $43,884,336, exports, $34,988,095. Of the imports, iron ore leads, being valued $16,351,126; lumber, $9,945,040; merchandise, $12,701,200; copper, $627,000. Of the exports, merchandise, $12,531,200; coal, $3,540,011; iron (bar, etc.), $1,277,950; coal oil, 591,964. Vessels built at the port of Cleveland in 1887tonnage, 19,000 tons.

The item, export of coal oil, only indicates the little that goes by vessels up the lakes in the sailing season, and in no sense indicates the magnitude of the oil refining industry of Cleveland-the largest in the world.

The population of Cleveland in the year 1840 was 6,071; in 1880, 160,146; estimated 1888, 220,000. School census in 1886, 61,654; Burk A. Hinsdale, superintendent.

The following clear, concise outline sketch of Cleveland, its past and present, was written for this work by D. W. Manchester, Secretary of the Western Reserve Historical Society.

Cleveland stands on a broad plateau elevated about eighty feet above the surface of the lake and it is intersected by the Cuyahoga river, some five miles of which is broad, deep, and navigable for the largest steamers and sailing craft.

In the remote cycles of geological times this elevated plain was the bottom of the lake, which in the course of countless ages has receded to its present level, evidenced by a series of ridges parallel therewith, many miles in length, and extending back several miles to rocky elevations which were its original and primeval shores in the day when these northern waters met and mingled with those of the Gulf of Mexico.

The great plateau was formed during the glacial period and is more than 200