the summarized views of the writer commissioned to investigate the condition of affairs. Mr Rufus H. Pope, M.P., was interviewed in the matter and endorsed most of these conclusions. The instruction was not, in his opinion, elementary enough. "The child is forced ahead with vague ideas in subjects in which he should have been vigorously and exclusively drilled." The system as a whole did not turn out "the vigorous, clear-thinking, hard-headed men of judgment and ability which the Eastern Townships used to produce." Few subjects were taught in earlier days, but they were taught well. The general situation was summed up by Mr. Pope with the suggestion that the Government should buy the books from the publishers and sell them to the parents at cost.

McGill

Montreal

During the year 1901 the new Medical Buildings connected with this institution was proceeded with University, under the terms of a donation of $100,000 from Lord Strathcona and with Mr. A. T. Taylor as architect. New laboratories and lecture rooms were added and the total accommodation expected in all departments was for 800 students. On February 6th it was announced that Messrs. Fraser and Chalmers, the Mining Engineers of London and Chicago, had donated a Scholarship in the Mining department. On March 15th the Board of Governors of the University announced that Miss Dow and Miss Jessie Dow had offered the sum of $60,000 to found a chair of Political Economy, to be called "The William Dow Chair" and to be in memory of that gentleman. Sir W. C. McDonald had also sent a cheque for $150,000 to be used by the Faculty of Arts in a general re-organization. The appointment was announced of Hermann Walter, M.A. (Edin.), Ph.D. (Munich), as Lecturer on Modern Languages, and it was also stated that Lord Strathcona had been asked to represent the University at the ninth jubilee of the University of Glasgow. A little later it was announced that Mr. Paul Lafleur, M.A., had been appointed Associate Professor of English Literature; that Mr. J. W. Cunliffe, M.A., Lit.D., late of the University of London, was to be permanent Lecturer in the same department; that Mr. Joseph Stafford, B.A., Ph.D. (Leipzig), was to be Lecturer in Zoology.

On June 26th it was announced that Dr. W. W. Ford, B.A., had been appointed to the new Rockefeller Fellowship in the Medical Faculty. Convocation was held on April 30th and the degree of B.A. conferred upon 33 graduates; that of B.Sc. upon 41 graduates; that of B.C.L. upon 17 graduates; that of M.A. upon 5 graduates; that of M.Sc. upon 11 graduates. Robert Bell, B.SC., M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, was made a D.Sc. in course. There were a number of speeches made. Dr. Johnson, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, urged the need of a residential system in connection with the University; Dr. Bovey, Dean of the Faculty of Applied Science, stated that this year's graduating class was the largest in the history of the University and that its members had practically all good positions in prospect; Dr. Walton, Dean of the Faculty of Law, urged the study of French upon his students and expressed a wish

for the establishment of two or three travelling Scholarships. Professor E. W. McBride, M.A., D.Sc., delivered an address of considerable interest. The characteristics of a University man should, he thought, be breadth of view, breadth of sympathy and personal honour. It was the possession of these qualities in the governing class of Great Britain-emphatically a University class-which kept public life in that country upon so high a level. With the graduates of McGill it rests to be the leaders of Canada as the graduates of Oxford and Cambridge are of England." Principal Peterson then summed up the objects and policy of his University.

On June 14th the Medical Faculty of McGill University held its annual Convocation with Mr. George Hague in the chair. Dr. Craik, Dean of the Faculty, stated that the total number of students registered in the Session of 1900-1901 was 489, of whom 141 came from Quebec, 157 from Ontario, 52 from New Brunswick, 13 from British Columbia, 29 from Nova Scotia, 27 from Prince Edward Island, 4 from Manitoba and the North-West, 47 from the United States and 20 from the West Indies, Great Britain, Newfoundland, China and Japan. Dr. W. Gardner addressed the graduates on the high duties and functions of their profession and Dean Craik told them that this was the 51st consecutive Convocation which he had attended. He pointed to the wide and growing area from which they were drawing students at McGill. The great problem, in his opinion, before the Faculty in the future was to provide for the additional time required by the increasing demands of medical science so that the brilliant student and the useful plodder should be kept upon an equality of advantage.

He referred to the additions to the Medical Building; expressed an earnest hope that Dr. Roddick's plan for Dominion registration and Imperial reciprocity in medical matters might be successful; and referred with deep regret to the gallant death in South Africa of Lieutenant H. L. Borden, who should have been one of the graduates of the day. On October 9th the Corporation of the University met and adopted the annual Report for 1900-1901. After self congratulation upon gifts which had come to them during the year this document referred to "the definite need for new endowments in connection with two of our most important departments-philosophy and mathematics." The increasing prosperity of the Royal Victoria College for Women, which is affiliated to the Faculty of Arts, was referred to, as well as the fact that in its Assembly Hall the Duke of Cornwall and York had recently received the Honorary degree of LL.D. The fact that the subsidy annually voted to the University by the Protestant Committee of Public Instruction had been increased from $200 to $500 and that the Protestant School Commissioners of Montreal had raised their contribution from $150 to $500, was also mentioned. Reference was made to pending arrangements with the Associated Board of the Royal Academy of Music and the Royal College of Music, of London, for local examinations in music throughout Canada. The formation of the undergraduates into an "Alma

Mater Society"; the necessity for a gymnasium worthy of the name; the desirability of a Fellowship in post-graduate work; and the necessity of increasing Professorial salaries to a minimum amount of $3,000 a year; were also dealt with. Following this Report came the announcement that Dr. G. A. Charlton, of Montreal, and Dr. P. G. Wooley, of Baltimore, had been appointed Fellows in Pathology.

He

Some trouble occurred during the autumn between the students and authorities of the University over alleged disturbances caused by the former at a certain theatrical performance in Montreal. Some of the students were arrested and brought before Mr. Recorder Weir and the rumour circulated that Principal Peterson had requested the Recorder to deal severely with the culprits. A mass meeting of the students was held but, eventually, after a Committee had waited upon Dr. Peterson, another large gathering fully accepted the Principal's statement that no such representation had been made, and also received his stern deprecation of their readiness to act upon mere rumour. took occasion also to urge the students to avoid newspaper notoriety and expressed a strong opinion that the necessity for some kind of residential system in the University was proved by this incident. On December 6th the annual dinner of the Professors and undergraduates of the Faculty of Medicine was held and many references made to the impending retirement of Dr. Craik, Dean of the Faculty. Toward the close of the year it was announced that Dr. Thomas G. Roddick, M.P., a graduate of McGill and its Professor of Surgery for many years, had been appointed Dean of the Medical Faculty. The approval of every one concerned, as well as of the public, was general and was most freely expressed. The number of students in the year ending June 30, 1900, was 1,043; the number of Professors was 138; the graduates were 193 in number. The grant from the Povincial Government was $4,350; the receipts were $303,525 and the expenditures, $309,714; the endowments were $2,977,123 and the value of buildings, grounds, etc., was placed at $2,026,894. The number of books in the Library was 8,820.

Bishop's
College,

The University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, P.Q., toward the end of the year 1900, lost its veteran Chancellor, Dr. R. W. Heneker, by resignation. On

Lennoxville December 5th, a special Convocation had been held, a portrait of Dr. Heneker presented to the University, the new Chancellor, Mr. John Hamilton, D.C.L., of Quebec, installed, and the new Principal, the Rev. J. P. Whitney, M.A., granted the Hon. degree of D.C.L. On June 22, 1901, it was announced that the Rev. R. G. Wilkinson, M.A., Professor of Pastoral Theology, had resigned and been succeeded by the Rev. E. A. Dunn, M.A., son of the Bishop of Quebec. The annual dinner of the Medical Faculty of the University was held in Montreal, on November 7th, and amongst those present were Chancellor Hamilton, Principal Whitney, Sir William Hingston, Dr. L. H. Davidson and Dr. F. W. Campbell, Dean of the Faculty. The Principal, in his speech, expressed the hope of having a Law Faculty organized in the course of another year. At a meeting of the

Medical Graduates' Society during the day Dr. George Fisk was elected President. At the annual Convocation on June 27th, the Hon. degree of D.D. was conferred upon Archbishop Bond, of Montreal, and that of D.C.L. upon the Rev. C. Ernest Smith, D.D., of Baltimore, U.S.; the Rev. F. G. Scott, M.A., of Quebec; Mr. H. J. H. Petry, M.A., of the Bishop's College School; Dr. George R. Parkin, M.A., C.M.G., of Toronto; Dr. G. T. Ross and Sir James M. LeMoine, of Quebec. The Annual Report of Bishop's College, for the year ending June 30, 1901, showed 35 students in attendance, of whom 8 were reading for Honours, 26 were seeking Holy Orders and 6 were Divinity students who had already graduated. Dr. Whitney, in this connection, pointed out that "in a College, which is small and also residential, it is possible to secure a thoroughness of teaching and a development of character not so easily attained were we larger or did we work solely through lectures." He stated the new buildings under construction would shortly be completed, and referred to the retirement of the Rev. Mr. Wilkinson. Mr. G. Oswald Smith, B.A., Resident Lecturer, also retired during the year, and was replaced by Mr. C. W. Mitchell. The Annual Report of the Medical Faculty of the University showed 84 registered students during the Session with 9 graduates in Medicine and 16 in Dentistry.

Education in Nova Scotia

The annual Report of the Superintendent of Education, Dr. A. H. Mackay, was presented to the Assembly at Halifax, on March 12, 1901. The general summary

showed that the number of schools had increased from 2,390 in 1899 to 2,417 in the year ending July 31, 1900; that the number of school sections without schools had deceased from 146 to 132; that the teachers had grown from 2,400 in number to 2,557; that the pupils had slightly diminished from 100,617 to 100,129. Those under fifteen years of age, however, had increased from 91,809 to 92,078. Over that age the decrease was stated by the Premier in the House to be probably due to the increasing demands of industrial institutions for labour. The number of Normal School trained teachers increased from 840 to 887. The Superintendent declared that the standard of scholarship in the new teachers had risen during the year and, he thought, would continue to advance gradually. The total amount voted by ratepayers for school purposes increased from $447,906 in 1899 to $519,620 in 1900. The age limit of new teachers in Classes D. C. & B. had been advanced one year, and an improvement in efficiency was expected from this change. The number of schools doing some High School work increased slightly, but the number of scholars doing such work decreased. There were 913 teachers' licenses granted during the year, and the steady annual increase from 218 in 1893 showed, in the opinion of Dr. Mackay, that the standard of qualification should now be raised.

The total number of male teachers in the Public Schools was 616 as against 594 in 1899 while the female teachers numbered 1,941 as compared with 1900. The new teachers numbered 463 in 1900 and 373 in the previous year. The pupils in the Common Schools

numbered 92,880 as against 93,043 in 1899 and in the High Schools 7,249 as compared with 7,574. In all the Public Schools the number was, as already stated, 100,129. The property in the school Sections was valued at $82,641,987-an increase of $1,648,513. The school property in these Sections was placed at $1,675,629 value; the teachers' salaries aggregated the sum of $380,681, or a decrease of $3,533; the volumes in school libraries numbered 14,334; the maps, charts, globes, etc., 7,991 and the scientific appliances and collections 16,271. The total Provincial grant for the year was $248,309 as against $246,462 in 1899; the total County funds were $119,923 as compared with $120,082 in the previous year; the total Section assessment was $519,620 as against $447,906 in 1899. The total cost per pupil enrolled was $8.86 in 1900, or an increase of 17 cents. The cost per pupil to the Government was $2.48, to the Counties $1.19 and to the Sections $5.18-in the latter case showing an increase of 73 cents. Statistics were given by Dr. Mackay to show that the expenditure of Nova Scotia "per pupil in average attendance" was much less than in most of the States of the American Union. On the list quoted Nevada stood first, at $40.87, and then the States ran down through thirty names before the equal of Nova Scotia's $14.56 per pupil was reached.

The Superintendent commented at length upon these various statistics and statements. The reduction of Sections meant the absorption of small and weak ones. Of the 132 Sections without schools many were only geographical areas which, at one time, had a temporary population. Some should have been long since amalgamated with stronger Sections, and action in this direction was being facilitated. In this rectification and consolidation work he thought the Board of District Commissioners should be largely utilized. The profession of teaching was being elevated by the higher standards required, the more intelligent selection of School Trustees and by the increased proportion of Normal trained teachers--now 887 out of 2,557. He strongly recommended the establishment of school gardens where instruction could be given in agriculture, horticulture and botany--as in Austria, Sweden, Belgium, France and Russia. A few attempts had been made, but they were as yet severely handicapped. Manual Training was making rather slow progress. Under the Act of 1900 a grant of $600 was allowed by the Government to each school Section, providing the prescribed equipment and earning an amount at the rate of 15 cents per half-day lesson, once a week, to each pupil. It covered instruction in domestic science as well as wood-work. Provisional license had been given to three schools in wood-work and two in domestic science, and they would shortly go into operation. At the Normal School in Halifax, lessons were given in drawing and wood-work. Provision was being made for the special training of teachers in this connection at the Normal School,

During the year Mr. J. B. Calkin, who had been Principal of the Normal School since 1869, resigned his post, and Dr. Mackay paid his work very high tribute. "The growth of the institution under his