be a deficit of $9,000 during the current year. "How can any Government expect that the work of this great University can be carried on efficiently with not even present needs being provided for -much less any provision for expansion." The Act itself was described as making great improvements in the machinery of the University government and as placing it more clearly than ever under the Provincial authorities and, therefore, in the hands of the people. Elections were now coming on and the Chancellor expressed his hope that the friends of the University would help to elect men who would support its just claims. At Ottawa, on June 19th, Principal Grant criticised this speech and claimed that absolute dependence on the Government by a University meant intellectual sterility; that there was room in Ontario for more than one State-aided institution; that geographical and local conditions deserved consideration in aiding higher education; that the Government should only help those institutions which were efficient and helped themselves. Toronto On April Following upon the passage of the University Act in the Legislature, President James Loudon, M.A., LL.D., was confirmed in his previous position as head of the University of Toronto; Professor R. Ramsay Wright, M.A., B.Sc. was appointed Vice-President; and Professor Maurice Hutton, M.A., was made Principal of University College. 17th the new Board of Trustees was announced as being composed of Messrs. John Hoskin, K.C., LL.D., Bryon E. Walker, Casimir S. Gzowski and J. Herbert Mason, of Toronto, together with Senator A. T. Wood, of Hamilton. A little later, on May 28th, the Toronto Board of Trade decided to establish a scholarship in connection with the proposed Commercial Course of the University. The annual Commencement of the University took place on June 7th. His Excellency the Governor-General was present in order to receive the Honorary degree of LL.D., as was M. Louis Honore Fréchette, C.M.G., the French-Canadian poet. The Chancellor, Sir W. R. Meredith, presided and presented Lord Minto for his degree, while the Premier of Ontario did the same service for Dr. Fréchette-who was stated to have already received this degree from Queen's and McGill Universities. The degree of Ph.D. was conferred upon Mr. Francis Barclay Allan and that of Hon.M.A. upon Mr. Julius Rossin. At the dinner of the Alumni which followed in the evening, the Chancellor referred to the recent appointment of Mr. J. J. Mackenzie, as Professor of Pathology; to the election of Professor Irving Cameron, as an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons; to the fact of two graduates having received Fellowships in Cornell University; to the fact of another winning the Colonial Scholarship at the University of Liverpool. Early in the year, Mr. A. H. F. Lefroy, M.A., was appointed Professor of Roman Law, Jurisprudence and the History of English Law. At the meeting of the University Senate in October, VicePresident Ramsay Wright was appointed to represent the institution at the approaching two hundredth anniversary of the founding of Yale, and the names of those who had been elected to the Senate were announced. Those chosen by acclamation were W. R. Riddell, B.A., LL.B., K.C.; the Hon. W. P. R. Street, LL.B.; Dr. W. H. B. Aikins; Mr. I. H. Cameron, M.B.; Dr. J. M. Macallum, M.A.; Dr. A. H. Wright, B.A. and C. H. Mitchell, C.E.—all of Toronto, with the exception of Judge Street. The following were elected by the graduates in Arts of Toronto University: A. B. Aylesworth, M.A., K.C.; Professor Alfred Baker, M.A.; Sir John A. Boyd, M.A., K.C.M.G.; William Houston, M.A.; John King, M.A., K.C.; President Loudon; and Professor A. B. Macallum, M.A., M.B., Ph.D., all of Toronto; together with James Chisholm, B.A., and C. G. Snider, B.A., of Hamilton; William Dale, M.A., of St. Mary's; J. Lorne McDougall, M.A., C.M.G., of Ottawa. The graduates of Arts and Science in Victoria University elected A. R. Bain, M.A., LL.D.; the Rev. Dr. Carman; F. C. Colbeck, B.A.; J. J. McLaren, M.A., LL.D., K.C.; and the Rev. A. H. Reynar, M.A., LL.D.—all of Toronto. Messrs. John Henderson, of St. Catharines, and H. I. Strang, of Goderich, were chosen to represent the High Schools. President Loudon, Chancellor Burwash, of Victoria University, the Rev. Dr. Teefy, Professor Alfred Baker and Professor A. B. Macallum were appointed to represent the University and affiliated institutions on the Ontario Educational Council for the succeeding year. The number of students in Arts registered at the University of Toronto in the year 1900-1901 was 623; those registered in the Faculty of Medicine were 394; the number of registered students in the School of Practical Science was 231; those registered in Arts at Victoria University were 239-a total of 1,487 students. Queen's This institution held a prominent place before the public eye during the year. On March 19th, Professor T. R. Glover, M.A., resigned to accept the Professorship of Latin at St. John's College, Cambridge. A banquet was given to him on April 5th with Professor Watson in the chair. His successor was Mr. W. J. Pike, B.A., (Cantab). The annual Convocation ceremonies of the Medical School in connection with the University were held on April 10th. Sir Sandford Fleming, the Chancellor, presided, and with him were Principal Grant and Dr. Fife Fowler, Dean of the Medical Faculty. After the presentation of medals and prizes the Dean Fowler scholarship was formally inaugurated in honour of the gentleman who had been actively associated with the work of the institution from 1854 to October, 1900. It was a memorial to his services established by the Faculty and graduates. On April 27th a list of 62 graduates was published and a many-columned list of passmen. Of the former Messrs. J. D. Byrnes, B.A., W. A. Guy, B.A., R. Hunter, B.A., W. A. McDonald, B.A., and J. Wallace, B.A. were made Bachelors of Divinity; 2 gentlemen became Bachelors of Science; 9 gentlemen and 2 ladies became Masters of Arts. Forty-two persons took the degree of B.A.; 9 were medalists; 9 took University prizes; 17 took scholarships. On April 29th the students' valedictories were delivered in Convocation Hall by Messrs. J. Mathison, M.A., James Anthony, M.A., and J. C. Murray, B.A., B.SC. A portrait of Professor N. F. Dupuis, M.A. was unveiled during the day by the Rev. Professor Ross, of Montreal, with an appreciative speech by Mr. J. R. Lavell, M.P. The annual Convocation was held on May 1st with Sir Sandford Fleming in the chair. The Honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred upon the new Bishop of Ontario, the Right Rev. William Lennox Mills, D.D., the Hon. David Mills, K.C., Minister of Justice, and Mr. Peter C. McGregor, B.A., for nearly thirty-years Headmaster of the Almonte High School. The Honorary degree of D.D. was also given to the Rev. Herbert Symonds, of Peterborough, the Rev. Ebenezer D. McLaren, M.A., B.D., of Vancouver, and the Rev. Francis Andrews, of Keene. At the annual dinner of the Queen's University Society of Ottawa, on June 17th, a number of scholarly speeches were made. Mr. F. H. Chrysler, K.C., presided. In the course of the evening Mr. John McIntyre, K.C., of Kingston, described the assistance given to the University by that city as "niggardly and near-sighted;" the Rev. Dr. G. M. Milligan, of Toronto, referred to Principal Grant as an "administrative genius;" the Rev. Dr. Ross, of Montreal, expressed grave fears regarding the opening of Queen's to the public, and deprecated any increase of fees as dangerous. "The College had been so long associated with Presbyterianism, from which it had gained such a noble influence, that he feared the separation of College and Church would weaken the former." Other speakers were Principal Caven, of Toronto, Dr. H. M. Ami, Rev. Dr. Gordon, of Halifax, Sir Sandford Fleming and Mr. R. W. Shannon. During the late summer and early autumn there occurred the serious illness of Principal Grant, and the Royal visit to the University, together with the gracious compliment paid by the Duke of Cornwall and York in a private visit to the Principal's sick bed, and in the personal presentation to him of the C.M.G. The following extract from a message sent by Principal Grant, on October 4th, to the medical students of the University attracted some attention at the time: For the sake of all that is noble and worthy take your profession seriously from the outset ; quite as seriously as the students of Divinity take theirs. If you cannot do that, drop it, and seek some honest way of making a living. It is awful to think that men, women and children, should be at the mercy of irreverent and half-taught young doctors. I pledge myself that hereafter, for your own sakes and for the sake of humanity, I shall try to let no such student pass our examinations. God help you to lay this work to your hearts. Several new appointments in the University were made during the year, in addition to that of Mr. Pike. Mr. John Marshall, M.A., was made Assistant in the department of English Literature, and Mr. John Sharp, M.A., in that of Philosophy; Mr. N. R. Carmichael, M.A., was appointed Associate Professor of Physics, and Mr. W. G. Fraser, M.A., of Mathematics. Mr. F. R. Sharpe, B.A., was made Lecturer on Applied Mathematics in the School of Mining, and Prof. Stafford F. Kirkpatrick took charge of the Chair of Mining, Engineering and Metallurgy, in the same branch institution. During the Royal visit, on October 15th, the Chancellor, Sir Sandford Fleming, presented the Duke of Cornwall and York with the Hon. degree of LL.D., and the latter laid the cornerstone of the new Arts' Building of the University, to which the City of Kingston had recently voted $50,000. In the Address to the Duke a statement was made which was significant in connection with past and pending discussions: "Although originally established by the Presbyterian Church, the University has from the first opened its doors to all on equal terms, whatever their religious creed, and, at the close of the last century, proceedings were initiated with the view of making the constitution of the University as broad and undenominational as its practice had been. The University is thus a gift, a unique and magnificent gift from the Presbyterian Church in Canada to the whole people of the Dominion." During the year Mr. Gilbert Parker, M.P., of London, presented the University with a complete set of portraits, 88 in number, of the Governors of Canada, Acadia and Newfoundland, from the earliest times down to that of Lord Aberdeen. Others included, as being connected with Canadian history, were Cardinal Richelieu and Prince Rupert. At the opening of the Theological Faculty, on November 1st, Professor Watson read an interesting letter from Principal Grant to the students, of which the following was a paragraph: "Allow me one word of earnest warning. There is a religious dissipation and an intellectual dissipation, as well as grosser forms of dissipation; and probably the more refined the form, the more subtle and dangerous to the true health of the soul.” The important public question of the year, however, connected with Queen's University, was its entry into competition with Toronto University for a share of Government aid. In the January number of the Queen's University Journal, Principal Grant placed his position clearly before the public and handled the subject without gloves. He accused the authorities of the University of Toronto of narrowness; of too keen an anxiety to make money; of working for a time when there should be only one University in Ontario. Why not one Normal School, or one factory, he asked? "In Kingston is a University operated for more than half a century under Royal charter-the same authority as that under which Toronto now acts-with land, buildings and revenue representing more than a million dollars, voluntarily contributed for the noblest public ends. This University does almost the whole University work of Eastern Ontario, while it attracts students from the Dominion generally." It had, he claimed, been practically undenominational for twenty-five years, the Board of Management had during that period acted as guardians of a public trust, and no one of its members had been appointed by the Church. The Board considered that the institution should now be made national by statute, as it had long been national in practice. "It, therefore, asks the Government to take such share in the management of the University as they may consider necessary; to co-operate financially, in accordance with British practice in dealing with Universities and University Colleges, so that its work may be still more beneficial to the public, and to inaugurate in connection with it an annual public audit." This claim of the Kingston University caused a wide-spread discussion throughout the Province, and, as it came into the Legislative arena through the Government's decision to render further aid to the University of Toronto, the controversy at times verged on a personal, as well as political, character. A compromise was finally effected by an increased Government grant to the Kingston School of Mining with a view to its taking up other branches of practical science. In the discussion the Toronto World took strong ground against any grant to an outside University, and on October 31st accused the Government of having killed the project of University Confederation by encouraging Queen's to keep its independence. It should have been left, "like Trinity and McMaster," to its own resources, and the question would have settled itself. The Toronto Globe, of March 4th, deprecated the attacks which were being made in some quarters upon Principal Grant, and pointed out that he had given his mind and heart and energies to Queen's, and had worked wonders with limited means. He had made the institution one of a very distinctive character, and he and his colleagues had always laid great stress upon freedom of teaching and discussion. The spirit and air of the place were conducive to enthusiasm and originality. Upon the specific point, however, the Liberal organ was explicit. "For the present it may be necessary that the resources of the Province should in the main be concentrated upon one University." As to the work of the University at Kingston, Prof. S. W. Dyde pointed out in the Journal of November 1st that a growing proportion of the teachers of the High Schools of the Province were coming from Queen's, according to a table which he had compiled from the Reports of the Minister of Education: By the extra-mural system of outside study and examination Queen's had registered 104 students in 1897 and 128 in 1900, and had thus taken additional work of a Provincial character. By its connection with the Kingston School of Mining, the Government had, he said, been compelled to recognize its University course as a satisfactory one so far as it related to the degree of B.Sc. The claim, in a nutshell, was that Queen's was now an unsectarian College and of service to the Provincial Government. Hence its right to share in Provincial grants for University purposes. Trinity Early in the year a number of changes took place in the staff of Trinity. The retirements of the Rev. E. W. Huntingford, Rev. E. C. Cayley and Rev. G. F. Davidson had left three vacancies and a general re-organization followed. Prof. G. Oswald Smith, of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, became Professor of Classics. The Rev. Dr. William Clark became |