Sovereign, but do not intend thereby to furnish the Imperialists with the illusion that Canada aspires to be stifled by tighter and tighter British ties." Such a result would change present satisfaction into enmity and energetic struggle. The Montreal La Presse referred on the same date to the reading of the civic Address in French. "Those who reproach us with having used our language fail to realize that the tribute of homage, as true as unlimited, paid to the British Crown in our national idiom, denoted a thousand times more sincerity than if our firm welcomes had passed through the coldness of a translation." The fear was expressed that Imperialism meant the loss of language, and laws and religious rights. Elsewhere in Canada there was no such dread. The Vancouver News-Advertiser saw only benefit to accrue to the Empire from the Heir Apparent obtaining a full and personal knowledge of its vastness, resources and development. "In the British Colonies the Sovereign is the representative of the Empire-the symbol of what binds the scattered parts together." The Manitoba Free Press, of September 21st, was greatly impressed with the enthusiasm and brilliance of the reception so far given. "As a spectacle, as a matter merely monumental and striking to the mind, the world has seen nothing more wonderful." The reigning family typified the unity of the Empire, and this visit could not fail to promote that unity. Five days later the same paper thought that "as a symbol of the enlargement of the Imperial system, and of the responsibility of the Royal house, the present Royal progress marks an epoch in world history." The The London Advertiser, of October 12th, touched an interesting point of the subject. 'We are a democratic people, and we owe a debt of gratitude to our late Queen for showing how completely democracy and constitutional monarchy can be harmonized. Vancouver Province thought that one of the great results of the Royal visit would be the advertisement that Canada would obtain. This view was shared by the Nelson Miner, also of British Columbia. The Orange Sentinel, of Toronto, on October 17th, declared that the event proved Canadian loyalty and desire to maintain at any cost the unity of the Empire. "The tour has shown that sentiment bridges the ocean, crosses mountain barriers, annihilates race and creed distinctions, and places an impenetrable wall around the people who live beneath the Union Jack.' The Halifax Chronicle, of two days later, felt that "Royalty upheld by such a line of Kings and Queens as ours has its roots in the very central being of our nationality, and is as secure as any institution founded on all that is best in humanity can be." The Halifax Herald, of October 21st, thought that "the tour of the Empire by the Heir Apparent to the Throne should after this become a settled British institution, and the time may come before long when even the crowned King and Queen may pay visits to their distant Possessions." The Hamilton Herald of the same date declared that the Duke was justified in his farewell reference to Canadian loyalty. "The crowds who flocked to see and do him honour were moved neither by idle curiosity nor by a servile, mediæval loyalty; he saw wherever he went in this broad land a great democracy intelligent enough to realize that their best interests are served by the political tie which binds their country to the Empire, and that, in honouring one so near to the Crown, they were doing honour to the Imperial idea." The Montreal Herald, like the Toronto Star, was not quite so certain as to the ultimate results of the tour. But it thought that the Duke's evident desire to express appreciation of Canada would have its effect in England and upon emigration to the Dominion. Anything which helped in this way to increase the British population of Canada would "doubtless strengthen the sentiments of local loyalty and, it may be hoped, foster in the new world the best traditions of the race." The Eastern Chronicle, of New Glasgow, N.S., declared on October 24th that "Canada is nearer the Throne than ever now, not geographically merely, but in sentiment." The Toronto Mail and Empire, of October 30th, expressed itself plainly upon the subject. "That the tour has strengthened the Colonial sentiment of loyalty to the Imperial connection, and has stimulated the sentiment of reverence for the Monarchy, cannot for a moment be doubted." Many of the lesser papers of the country treated the subject in the same manner, and public opinion, as thus indicated, showed conclusively, as the Royal couple sailed from Halifax, that the sometimes divergent elements of monarchical and democratic thought had finally come together in a common expression of loyalty to the Crown of the Empire. In the Canadian Magazine for October, Mr. A. H. U. Colquhoun summarized the situation very well. All Canadians might not be Imperialists or Monarchists in the ordinary sense of those words. "But the best members of the community love order and respect authority. They have not yet discarded as servile the injunction to 'fear God and honour the King.' The Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York embody legitimate sovereignty, free government, sound principles and lofty traditions. To all or to some of these every Canadian will doff his hat." Canada's tion to Section VIII-CANADA AND THE WAR Lord In the Royal Canadian Regiment the Dominion sent to South Africa 1,150 officers and men. The Canadian Mounted Rifles numbered 398 officers and men; the Royal Canadian Dragoons numbered 379 officers and men; the Royal Canadian Artillery had 539 officers and men. Strathcona sent out 597 officers and men in his special Corps. With special officers, chaplains, nurses, etc., this made a force of 3,092 officers and men despatched in 1899-1900. Of this total, 65 were killed or died of wounds; 79 died from disease or accident; 607 were invalided home; 14 received Imperial commissions; 265 retired to join other forces in South Africa; 1,919 returned home; and 197 were wounded in differing degrees. For the South African war service Parliament voted $2,000,000, and up to March 31, 1901, $1,953,827 had been expended. During 1901 a second force of Canadian Mounted Rifles-900 strong-was enlisted for service in South Africa under the authority of the Canadian Government and at the expense of the Imperial Government, while over 1,200 men were also enlisted on the same conditions for service in the South African Constabulary. Including in the total the 1,004 officers and men who volunteered for special garrison duty at Halifax in order to relieve the Imperial troops stationed there, this would give a contribution to the war, in the period under review, of 6,200 officers and men. The deaths from action or disease up to the end of October, 1901, numbered 176. Colonel One of the most widely discussed subjects in Ontario during the closing months of 1900 and in the beginning of the new year, was the work done by Colonel W. D. Otter in South Africa. As Commander of the Royal Canadian Regiment, which had won such conspicuous praise at Paardeberg, and as leader of the first Canadian contingent in the field, his position had been a new and somewhat trying one. There had been undoubted personal dislike shown by some of his men; the discipline had been unquestionably rigid; the final division in the Regiment, by which the greater portion returned home when their time was up and against his known wishes, was most regrettable. Upon the other hand the success of the Corps in the field had been equally unquestioned; the loyalty of his officers to their Commander was very marked as a whole; the steadiness and high character of the Regiment was generally credited to his careful training. Returning soldiers of the first division of the Regiment had, however, not hesitated to express private opinions of a hostile character towards their late Commander, and these comments were spread and magnified in the usual way until some of the friends of Colonel Otter deemed it best to combine a practical answer to these inuendoes with a deserved tribute to the officer himself. On December 28, 1900, a great banquet in his honour was held in Toronto-one of the most successful affairs in the history of the city. Lieut.-Col. James Mason, the Chairman of the Citizens' Committee, presided. On his right hand was the Governor-General of Canada, on his left the guest of the evening, and around him were the Hon. George W. Ross, the Hon. William Mulock, Col. Kitson, Lieut.-Col. Peters, Col. G. A. Sweny, Mr. W. F. Maclean, M.P., Mr. J. S. Willison, Mr. W. J. Douglas, Dr. G. Sterling Ryerson, and many of the officers who had served under Colonel Otter at the front-Lieut.-Col. Lawrence Buchan, Major J. C. McDougall, Capt. R. K. Barker, Lieutenants Lieutenants A. H. Macdonell, J. Cooper Mason, R. H. M. Temple, C. S. Wilkie. The Toronto war correspondents were also present-Messrs. Stanley M. Brown, John A. Ewan and Frederick Hamilton. Nearly all the leading citizens of Toronto were amongst the guests. Lord Minto referred in his opening remarks to the services of Colonel Otter in the North-West-of which he knew something from personal experience. "I will say now what I thought then, that Colonel Otter received but chary praise for the valuable services performed by him at that time." He was not, however, forgotten, and, as time passed, his reputation grew until the period came for Canada to send her first contribution to the war in South Africa. There was never any doubt as to who was Canada's best soldier or as to who was to command her representative regiment." His Excellency then spoke of the responsibilities and somewhat exceptional conditions which had to be met. "He was appointed to the command of a corps composed of magnificent material, created in a shortness of time which in itself did honour to the Dominion; but it was a corps composed practically of company units brimming over with local enthusiasm and full of the best fighting qualities, but which, when assembled in battalion, must necessarily have been deficient in that interior regimental machinery which is the standby of most commanding officers. Under Colonel Otter's administration, as well as under his gallant leading in action, this battalion has covered itself with distinction." He spoke of the necessity for discipline which must always exist; of the unfortunate lack of means to reward Canadian officers such as Colonel Otter by advancement in the higher ranks of their profession; and hoped for a military re-organization of the Empire's forces which would make such opportunities available. He concluded by expressing the belief that the guest of the evening would not be forgotten when the time came to distribute Imperial distinctions for services rendered in the war. In proposing the toast of the guest of the evening, Colonel Mason paid him a high tribute. He pointed out that his officers and men were drawn from all parts of the Dominion; that the men unknown to the officers as a rule, and also to each other; that their knowledge of drill and discipline was varied, and in most were cases imperfect. "Without drill there could be no discipline; without discipline there could be no cohesion; without cohesion no success." In reply Colonel Otter was soldierly, direct and modest. He thought the honour now done him was more than sufficient reward. As to his Regiment, it was composed of the best physique and best intelligence of the country, though its members had, perhaps, lacked training and experience. But, owing to the patriotic determination of Canadians, "it became a very easy matter for the officers to soon convert it into one of the most efficient battalions which tramped the veldt of South Africa." He spoke of their pleasant association with the Imperial regiments and especially with the Cornwalls, Shropshires and Gordons. "Our relation with battalions and corps of the Imperial service was from beginning to end most pleasant." The Hon. Mr. Mulock, in his speech, suggested a national monument to the fallen, and was emphatic as to the reasons for sending the Contingent. "It was from no mere empty cry or sentiment of loyalty, but from the conviction that the true aim and destiny of all parts of the Empire was in their permanent union and alliance." The Hon. G. W. Ross spoke with much eloquence of Great Britain as a military nation and of the place held by the Colonies in the Empire system. On December 31st following, Major S. Maynard Rogers, who had served in the Royal Canadian Regiment, stated at a banquet in Ottawa, that Colonel Otter had not striven to make machines of his men as some had said. Realizing the responsibility resting upon his Regiment "he did his best to create a discipline that would be able to resist the shock of battle, when it came.' The result was seen at Paardeberg and elsewhere. A presentation was made to Colonel Otter at the Armouries, on January 2, 1901, by the ladies of Toronto, in the form of a solid silver service of plate. Miss Mowat made the presentation, and there was a large and representative gathering. In his reply, Colonel Otter paid a tribute to the patience and patriotism of the women of the country. "I am fully convinced that should war unfortunately ever overtake this Dominion, our women will be found directing the farm, the office and the shop, and by word and act encouraging those who are fighting the battles of their country." Meanwhile anonymous letters were being published here and there attacking Col. Otter's management of his men. One of these appeared in the Montreal Witness, and was reproduced by the Ottawa Journal, of January 12th, with the statement that its charges were corroborated by two local men. The gist of these allegations was that the Commander had placed non-commissioned officers from Ontario over the men of the Montreal Company; that he had made insulting remarks to the men upon small errors in drill or equipment; that he had, from time to time, sworn at the men; that he had put them through useless and injurious marches while waiting at Belmont, prior to joining the fighting forces; that he amused the regular troops by putting them through unnecessary routine and work; that the Christmas dinner provided for the men was a failure; that the |