made of logwood and copperas. The hat is then stiffened with a composition made of glue and some other articles, applied to it with a brush.

The nap is then raised on the outside by the use of a hard brush dipped in soap and water.

The hat is again put on the block and brought into a perfect shape, by being moistened, brushed, and pressed or smoothed with a heavy hot iron.

The lining, binding, and other appendages being supplied, the hat is ready for sale or use.

Those called white hats are not dyed, but remain of the natural colour of the fur.

Hats are also made of straw, and other vegetable substances, for light summer wear.

In New England, many women and children are employed in braiding, or platting rye-straw, in order to be made into hats and bonnets.

These plats are sewed together, beginning with the centre of the crown, and working round and round till the hat is finished.

Many straw and chip hats are now woven by a kind of machine for that purpose.

Caps are made of the skins of some animals, dressed with the fur on; or of other stuffs.

Of all the four-footed animals that live in the forests, the deer are among the most innocent and peaceful. Their form may be called elegant; and the swiftness of their motion in flight seems to be their chief means of safety from their enemies.

Their limbs are slender and long; the neck is slim, and the head narrow and pointed toward the nose; the eyes are bright, large, and lively, and the ears long and open.

The colour of the deer varies in summer and winter; it may be called a reddish or brown gray, with the under side of the head, neck, body, and tail, nearly white.

The deer is a very shy, timid animal; but its senses of hearing and smelling are remarkably keen and quick; and on these its safety very much depends. A very slight

SPELL forests; define it. Spell innocent; elegant; define it. Spell swiftness; chief; limbs; colour; deer; reddish; timid; define it. Spell senses; smelling; keen; remarkably; excites; approach.

noise excites its attention, and its fears are thereby quickly awakened. So acute is its power of smelling, that the hunter or any other enemy has to approach the deer against the wind, else he is discovered by the scent at a great distance, and it bounds away with speed.

Deer have no teeth in the front part of the upper jaw, but the gum is hard like that of cows and sheep. Like them also it is a ruminating animal, or one that chews the cud.

Deer are very nice and delicate in the choice of their food; which, in summer, consists of grass, green wheat, and the tender leaves or young shoots of various kinds of trees and shrubs. In winter, they feed on buds, and the tender soft twigs of shrubs, or some kinds of moss.

They mostly keep in herds or flocks, when feeding, and are led by one of the largest bucks, who appears to watch over their safety. If any noise or cause of alarm occurs, the leader stamps with his feet, and snorts so loud as to be heard a considerable distance; and when he runs, they all follow with a rapid flight.

Of the common deer, the male is called a stag, or buck, and the female, a doe. The stag or buck has two solid, branching horns, which are shed every year, about the beginning of winter; and young ones grow in their places. These young horns are at first covered with a soft skin, like velvet in appearance: but as they grow older, this skin at length dries up, the horns become very hard, and are larger and have more branching prongs than before. They are often called antlers.

The female deer, or doe, has commonly one or two young ones at a time, which are called fawns. They usually

scent; ruminating; chews; delicate; cud; shrubs; twigs; watch; noise; heard; considerable; rapid; solid; branching; beginning; velvet; appearance; length; antlers; young; fawns; usually;

come in the spring, and are mostly of a light cinnamon colour, spotted with white. The doe carefully conceals her young fawns, while she goes out to feed; and is so very fond of them that she seems to lose all care for her own safety, when they are in danger from an enemy.

In the latter part of summer, the fawns lose their white spots, and gradually become of a reddish-gray colour. A young fawn is a beautiful, innocent little animal; and, if taken from its dam, it may easily be tamed. It is gentle as a lamb, and soon becomes very much attached to its keeper and feeder. But such pets are often more trouble and expense than profit; for, as they grow larger, they leap over fences, intrude into the house, and eat the leaves and twigs of young trees and shrubbery, or get into the garden and fields, and spoil the corn, plants, and flowers.

The flesh of the deer is called venison, and is an excellent article of wholesome food, when killed in the proper season, which is autumn. The horns of the buck are worked into knife-handles, cane-heads, and other useful articles: and the skins of the deer, when tanned and properly dressed, are used for making gloves, mittens, shoes, and for other valuable purposes.

The deer inhabit the woods and forests from Canada, through all the United States, and the northern parts of Mexico. The moose, the elk, the black-tailed deer, and the rein-deer, are all considered to be species of the American deer.

cinnamon; colour; spotted; conceals; gradually; reddish; innocent; beautiful; attached; expense; shrubbery; fields; venison; excellent; wholesome; autumn; knife-handles; tanned; shoes; valuable; purposes; lamb; trouble; inhabit; forests; Canada; Mexico; reindeer; moose; species; define it. Spell mittens; fences; fields; beautiful.

ADDRESS TO A WILD DEER,

Supposed to have strayed from the woods and wandered among the settlements

of men.

WHY didst thou leave thy native woods,

Deer of the forest, here to roam?

And quit the murmur of the floods,

And rivers of thy mountain home?
Why didst thou thus resign the glen,
To die among the abodes of men?

There's freedom on the rocks and hills,
A liberty that nature gives;
Which animates, inspires, and fills

The heart of every thing that lives;
And seems to give a nobler air
Το every form that wanders there.

Yes, ev'n the very trees that rear
Their branches in the summer sky,
In their wind-shaken leaves appear
To manifest their majesty ;

And raise their heads as though they felt
They grew in scenes where nature dwelt.

There, thou couldst lift thy antler'd brow,
And pace the wilds in conscious pride,
Or climb the steeps where wild-flowers grow,
Or plunge within the torrent's tide;

Being free alike to scale or swim,
With glancing eye and untired limb.

The crags and peaks were all thine own,

The rivers and the rocks were thine;

SPELL strayed; define it. Spell murmur; resign; animates wanders; majesty; antlered; conscious; define it. Spell climb