When all these colours are properly mixed together, they constitute white; which is the colour of the light of the sun.

To prove this, take a spinning top, and paint it with all the above seven colours, in due order. On spinning the top, and while it is in rapid motion, it will appear to be all white; because the colours are mixed by its motion so that no one appears distinct.

Colours are different rays of light, reflected to the eye from different substances.

Some colours are formed by the mixture of other colours. Thus, green is composed of yellow and blue. Red and yellow mixed together, make orange. Blue and red form violet, purple, and lilac. Red, blue, and yellow, when properly mixed, produce olive.

When any substance reflects none of the rays of light, but absorbs them all, it is called black.

Light produces the sensation of vision, or sight, and is the cause of all colours, of every hue and shade. For, where there is no light, there is no distinction of colours; every thing is black, and all is darkness.

violet; mixture; constitute; spinning; rapid; define it. Spell distinct; reflected. Define reflected. Spell substance; mixture, orange; colours; together; blue; distinction.

LOVE TRUTH: ABHOR LYING.

INNOCENT little children love truth better than falsehood. They feel a great deal more pleasure and interest in the hearing or reading of a thing, when they know it is true.

A fiction is a feigned story, often written or told as if it was a narrative of facts. Novels are mostly of this class of stories. They are works of imagination, and not a true relation of realities.

Amelia Opie, who wrote a book against lying, says, "An intention to deceive constitutes lying." She also says, "Those who withhold the truth or do not tell the whole truth with an intention to deceive, are guilty of lying, as well as those who tell a direct and positive falsehood."

When a wise man was asked, what a person could gain by telling a falsehood? he answered, "Not to be believed even when he spoke the truth.”

In relating a story or anecdote, always keep to the truth, and never try to paint any circumstance beyond the reality. Many persons seem to delight in the marvellous, and therefore often exceed the simple truth, in order to gain applause but this is not honest.

Never tell a falsehood in order to try to hide a fault. It is mean and wicked. But when we have done wrong, it is more noble to confess it at once, and ask forgiveness.

The scripture says, "Lying lips are abomination to the Lord; but they that deal truly are his delight."

SPELL innocent; children; falsehood; pleasure; fiction; feigned; written; narrative; novels; imagination; realities; Amelia; wrote; intention; deceive; guilty; lying; positive; answered; believed. telling; anecdote; reality; marvellous; exceeds; forgiveness.

SCULPTURE.

SCULPTURE is the art of carving, or cutting the figures and likeness of things out of stone, wood, or marble.

The person who acquires this art is called a sculptor.

A statue is a piece of sculpture, made in the form of a human being.

A bust is the upper part of a human figure, made of wood, marble, or plaster of Paris.

A bas-relief is when but little of the figure is raised above the surface or back-ground. The figures on coins, and those on stove-plates and other castings, are said to be in bas-relief, because raised but little above the surface.

It is also considered to belong to the art of sculpture, to make casts in plaster of Paris and-bronze. These casts are taken from models, statues, busts, bas-reliefs, and the heads of persons, either living or dead.

To do this, a mold is first formed of some soft substance that will harden by drying or cooling. Plaster of Paris is often used for making this mold, by spreading it over the subject to be copied. When hard, the metal, plaster, or other substance is poured into the mold and forms a cast or bust.

Bronze is a kind of brass; being an alloy of copper and tin. It is also applied to any figure of men, beasts, urns, or other piece of sculpture which the ancients made of bronze.

A medal is an ancient coin, or piece of metal, stamped with some figure, portrait or device.

SPELL Sculpture; cutting; figures; acquires; define it. Spell sculptor; statue; plaster; bas-relief; surface; coins; castings; stove-plates; considered; bronze; models; statues; molds; drying; substance; often; spreading; copied; poured; alloy; copper.

RUMINATING ANIMALS.

THOSE quadrupeds which chew the cud, are called rumi .ating animals.

These are generally patient and peaceful in their disposions, and they feed on vegetables, grass, leaves of trees, and other verdure which is found in all parts of the world.

After their food has been once swallowed, they have the singular faculty of returning it back to the mouth, in small parcels, where it is again chewed at leisure, and again passes into the stomach for the nourishment of the animal, This is called ruminating, or chewing the cud.

For this order of animals, mankind are more largely in debted than for all the rest. Their flesh and milk supply a large portion of our food; and from almost every part of their bodies, we derive additions to our comforts in one way or another.

Their hides and skins are converted into leather and clothing; their horns are used for combs, cane-heads, knifehandles, and many other purposes. Even their bones, hair, fat, milk, and blood, are all useful to us in various ways.

Many of them are valuable as beasts of burden, to draw the plough, the wagon, the sledge, and other vehicles of conveyance; and afterward, when slaughtered, they supply wholesome food to the human family.

Animals of the cow kind, sheep, deer, rabbits, hares, goats, and others, are ruminating animals. They are to be found in all parts of the world.

SPELL ruminating; quadrupeds; define it. Spell generally; patient; dispositions; vegetables; verdure; swallowed; faculty; parcels; chewed; leisure; stomach; nourishment; chewing; cud; animals; indebted; portion; almost; bodies; additions; converted; define it. Spell leather; clothing; combs; knife-handles; valuable plough; wagon; vehicles; conveyance; slaughtered.

HATS.

HATS, or coverings for the head, are made of wool, the furs of moles, rabbits, beavers, otters, and some other animals; and also of the hair of camels and goats. Silk, cotton, and other substances are also used for the same purpose.

A wool or fur hat is neither spun nor woven, but consists of wool, hair, and fur, entangled or matted together until it becomes a clothy substance, called felt.

The wool, being cut into short lengths, is mixed with hair or fur, by beating it on a table with a bow. This process is called bowing.

When the materials are thus thoroughly mixed, so as to adhere together, the workman forms them into a batt. Two or more batts are then placed together, and hardened by tangling and matting the wool and hair till they become closely compacted together.

The next operation is called planking; that is, these batts or masses are laid on a plank, and worked in hot water for several hours, till they are completely fulled.

Some beaver or other fur is added; which, being very soft and glossy, forms an outside to the felt.

The hat is now in shape somewhat like a funnel; but, being placed on a round wooden block, to which it is pressed and shaped, it is at length brought to its proper form, with a crown and brim.

After being taken from the block and dried, it is ready for the dyer. This is done by boiling it in a dye-stuff

SPELL Coverings; rabbits; beavers; substances; neither; matted; entangled; lengths; materials; thoroughly; adhere; define it. Spell compacted; operation; completely; funnel; pressed; length; ready; dyer; boiling; copperas; stiffened; composition; glue; moistened. smoothed; heavy; appendages; colour; vegetable.