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Buckwheat is threshed with flails. Barley and oats are threshed and cleaned like wheat. The barley is sold to the maltster or brewer, and is used in making beer.Oats are mostly fed to horses, or ground with corn or other grain for feed for cattle and hogs.

Sugar-cane is propagated by means of cuttings from the lower end of the stalks, which are planted in furrows made by the plough. The new plants grow up from the joints of the cuttings, and the ground is kept clear of weeds, by the plough or the hoe, like Indian corn.

When the cane is ripe, it is cut and brought to the sugar-mill, where the stalks are pressed between two stone or iron cylinders. The sweet juice which runs out, is boiled down to a syrup, and then removed to coolers, where it begins to granulate. It is then filtered, so as to let the molasses drain away.

The sugar is then purified, by boiling it with lime and bullock's blood, and passing the syrup through several canvass filters or strainers. Loaf or lump sugar is the pure syrup, poured into molds and left to cool.

Farmers, in newly settled parts of the Northern and Western States, obtain large quantities of sugar from the sugar-maple tree. By making holes in these trees early in the spring, a sweet juice runs out, which is boiled to a syrup and made into sugar, in the same manner as the cane juice.

maltster; propagated; cuttings; stalks; furrows; joints; weeds; iron-cylinders. What is a cylinder? Spell juice; syrup; boiled; coolers; granulate; define it. Spell strainers; molds; settled; northern; maple; syrup; filtered; define it. Spell molasses; can vass; poured.

SPICES.

SPICES are vegetable articles that are used in cookery. They are either fragrant to the smell, or pungent to the taste, and add an agreeable flavour to various kinds of food prepared for the table.

NUTMEGS grow on trees in the East Indies. The leaves of the nutmeg tree resemble those of a peach tree. The blossoms are very much like some of our roses, and the fruit is nearly the size of a common walnut.

The nutmeg is enclosed within two cases or covers; the outside pulp or hull is thick and coarse. After this is taken off, the inner coat or bark which covers the nutmeg, is thin, and of a reddish-yellow colour. This is the fragrant spice called Mace. We now come to the kernel, or nutmeg, which is dried and put up for the market as we see it.

Nutmegs are chiefly raised in the Banda islands; but. some are cultivated in the West Indies.

CLOVES are the buds of trees or shrubs that grow about as high as common laurel. These buds are of a reddish colour when gathered; but they become brown in drying. When well dried, they are ready for use.

Cloves are mostly procured from Amboyna, one of the Molucca islands in the East Indies.

PEPPER is the fruit of a feeble, climbing plant, or vine, which is placed near some large tree, or other support. Pepper grows on this kind of vine, in clusters of twenty to thirty grains. These berries at first appear green, but as

SPELL spices; nutmeg; resemble; define it. Spell blossoms; walnut; enclosed; coarse; yellow; fragrant; define it; Spell kernel; chiefly; cultivated; shrubs; laurel; drying; Amboyna; East Indies; climbing; thirty; berries; colour; spread; Ceylon; cinnamon; a

they ripen they turn to a red colour. When gathered, they are spread in the sunshine, which soon turns them black and dries them. In this state they are ground fit for table

use.

Pepper comes to us from Ceylon and other East India islands.

CINNAMON is the inner bark of the young and tender branches of a tree, which grows in the island of Ceylon. This is peeled off, after the outer bark is removed. It is then dried and put up for use.

ALLSPICE, OF PIMENTO, is the fruit of a shrub that grows in the West India islands. It is called allspice, because its smell is nearly similar to nutmegs, cloves, and cinnamon, all mixed together.

GINGER is the root of a plant which grows two or three feet in height, and somewhat resembles a rush. When the ginger plant is fully grown, it is dug up; and the roots, which spread out just below the surface of the ground, are carefully picked, scraped, washed, and dried in the sunshine. These roots being ground in a mill, are then fit for use.

Ginger was formerly brought from Calicut, in Asia, but it is now cultivated in the West Indies.

CAYENNE PEPPER is brought from Africa; it has a strongly pungent taste, and is used for medicine as well as the table. The common red pepper which is raised in the United States, when dried and ground in mills, answers the same purposes, though not so strong as the imported Cayenne pepper.

spice; pimento, ginger; spreading; surface; scraped; ground Cayenne; Africa; pungent; define it. Spell medicine; answers purposes; imported. Define imported

ABOUT OURSELVES.

THERE are about two hundred bones in a human body, and the number of muscles exceeds four hundred.

The muscles are composed of a soft, fibrous, fleshy substance; such as the soft fleshy part of the hand, the calf of the leg, and the cheeks. Many of the muscles form tendons or sinews, such as those hard, gristly parts at the joints of the feet, legs, arms, and on the back of the hand.

It is by the strength of the muscles, tendons, and bones, that we are able to walk or run, or to lift up heavy things, or to hold any thing in our hands. In short, every action we perform brings into exercise some of those four hundred muscles.

When we are asleep, our eyes are closed so that we see not what is passing around us, even in the day-time; because our eyes need rest, as well as the other parts of our weary bodies.

But our ears are open, when we sleep as well as when we are awake, and yet we hear not the common noises that are made around us.

As the eyes are provided with lids that shut them up from the light, and protect them from injury while we sleep, so the ears are furnished with a very bitter kind of wax that is very offensive to insects, and prevents them from running into our ears while we are asleep, as well as when we are awake.

In thus protecting our eyes from dangers, and our ears

sinews

SPELL muscles; composed; fibrous; fleshy; tendcns gristly; joints; strength; heavy; actions; exercise; hundred; asleep; eyes; passing; weary; noises; provided; injury; while; furnished; offensive; protecting; dangers; insects; generous; manifest; define it

from msects and hurtful things by a soft, sticky, and bitter wax which drives them all away, the kindness, the wisdom and goodness of our gracious Creator are manifest, and demand our love, gratitude, and praise.

When a boy cuts his finger through the skin with a knife, or when a brier scratches his foot and tears the skin, the blood runs out at the wound.

This is because the pressure of the blood is from the heart outwards; and the skin and small blood-vessels being opened, the blood issues from the wound, instead of returning back to the heart.

The circulation of the blood consists in a natural motion of it in every living animal. By this means, the blood is conveyed from the heart to every part of the body, by little tubes called arteries; it is then returned again to the heart by means of the veins, from all those parts.

It is found in a healthy person, that the blood circulates through the heart once in about four or five minutes.

As the blood is continually nourishing all parts of the body, and wasting by perspiration and various other ways, so it is constantly receiving fresh supplies from the wholesome food that we eat, after it has become properly digested in the stomach.

How complicate! how wonderful a being is man!

Spell gratitude; through; knife; brier; scratches; tears; wound: pressure; outwards; opened; issues; instead; circulation; motion whereby; fluid; define it. Spell conveyed; arteries; veins; healthy circulates; heart; minutes; continually; nourishing; perspiration receiving; stomach.

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