In like manner, the dense atmosphere may be said to magnify the sun and moon when rising or setting, because they are seen through a great distance of dense air.

So a man, a house, a balloon, or a bird, a mile or two from us, on or near the ground appears nearly of full size. But a balloon, or a bird, or a boy's kite, when a mile or more high in the air, and nearly over our heads, would appear very small and almost out of sight.

SHORT ACCOUNT OF WILLIAM PENN.

WILLIAM PENN was born in London, in the year 1644, about two hundred years ago. His father's name was William Penn, an admiral in the British navy.

When William Penn was about fifteen years old, he was sent to Oxford college, that he might be educated for the practice of the law. But his mind became impressed with serious thoughts, and he chose rather to renounce the vanities and greatness of the world, in order that he might enjoy peace with his heavenly Father.

In the twenty-second year of his age, he became a member of the religious society of Friends; and about two years after, he appeared in the station of a minister of the gospel.

He suffered much on account of his religious opinions, being several times thrown into prison for attending meetings, and preaching to the people.

But while he was confined in prison, he was not idle. He wrote much on religious and civil subjects. One of his books, called "No Cross, No Crown," is an excellent work, and worthy of being read by all classes of people.

SPELL William Penn; admiral; college. What is a college? Spell educated; impressed; renounce; define it. Spell religious; society; thrown; preaching; people; civil; excellent; judgment; intimate; knowledge; government; history; country; petition; portion

William Penn was a man of sound judgment, both in religious and civil matters. He had also an intimate knowledge of the laws, government, and history of the country in which he lived.

In the year 1680, he presented a petition to the king of England, asking for the grant of a portion of land on the western side of the river Delaware. In the next year his request was granted, and he became the proprietor of the state of Pennsylvania.

William Penn, however, did not think that this grant from the king could give him a just and full right to the soil. He therefore made a treaty with the Indians, and purchased the land of them also.

So mild and gentle were the manners of William Penn, and so open, upright, and honest was his conduct toward the Indian natives, that he gained their entire confidence and esteem.

A great many people in England bought land of William Penn, and crossed the Atlantic ocean with their families, to settle in this wilderness country; where they might enjoy their religion, and worship their Creator according to the dictates of Truth in their minds, without being persecuted or cast into prison for it.

But many of the early settlers in Pennsylvania would have suffered greatly, had it not been for the kindness of the Indians in supplying them with food, and assisting them in settling in the woods.

In forming a code of laws for the government of his colony, William Penn had special regard to that liberty of conscience, which he considered the natural right of all men. Delaware; proprietor; define it. Spell Pennsylvania; however; treaty; Indians; purchased; honest; their; confidence; England; brought; Atlantic; ocean; religion; dictates; persecuted; settlers; supplying; assisting; settling; government; colony. What is a colony? Spell special; conscience; considered; adapted; define it.

He therefore wisely adapted his laws to promote the happiness, peace, and prosperity of the people who might come to settle in the province.

In person, William Penn was tall and athletic; and he was said to have been a fine looking, portly man.

He possessed great sweetness and meekness of temper, and a native energy of mind, improved by religious principle. But the great rule of his life and conduct was the fear of God, and the love of truth and justice.

This sense of religion and moral rectitude was embraced by him in early life; and by it he was taught to judge of things according to their real value. This conferred on him a dignity and nobility, beyond the power of kings or of wealth to bestow.

He was truly a great man; yet his greatness consisted not in show and splendour, but in his humility, wisdom, goodness, and beneficence.

He died in the year 1718, aged about seventy-four years.

PROCESS OF MAKING PINS.

PINs are made of brass, drawn out into wire. To make wire, a bar of metal is drawn through a hole in an iron or steel plate, which is rather too small for it: but being drawn through with great force, it becomes smaller. It is then drawn through holes smaller and smaller, until it becomes wire of the size wanted.

In the first place, the brass wire of which pins are made, is rendered quite straight. It is then cut into proper lengths of four, five, or six inches, so as to make six pins of each. Spell prosperity; province; athletic; define it. Spell portly; pos sessed; sweetness; energy; define it. Spell religious; principle sense; moral; rectitude; embraced; taught; value; conferred, dignity. Define dignity. Spell nobility; wealth; consisted; splen. dour humility; beneficence. What is beneficence ?

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These lengths are first pointed or sharpened at each end. This is done by children, with each a couple of grindstones before him,-one coarse and the other fine; and they are turned by a wheel.

A boy takes up a handful of these lengths of wire, and applies their ends to the coarse and then to the fine grindstone, turning them round at the same time. This is done so rapidly, that it is said one boy can point sixteen thousand pins in an hour.

The length of a pin is then taken off each end of these pieces of wire, and the remaining ends are ground again to points; and so on till the wire is used up.

Being thus pointed, the pins are next to receive the head; which is formed in the following manner.

Round a straight wire, the size of the pins, another wire is wound or twisted by means of a wheel, for some length, till it has the form of a little brass cylinder. Then the straight wire is drawn out, and the twisted part is hollow, like a spiral coil or cylinder.

This spiral cylinder is then cut into small bits, each containing two twists, which are to form the pin heads.

After being heated red hot in order to soften them, when cool, a heap of them is placed in a dish before each of the children who are to head the pins.

Each of the children being furnished with a machine for fastening on the head, these bits are taken up one at a time on the end of the pins, and by the force of the machine made to adhere closely to them, in a smooth round form.

All this is done with a motion so quick, that a spectator can hardly count the number of pins headed by one person.

SPELL process; drawn; metal; smaller; rendered; straight lengths; pointed; sharpened; couple; grindstone; coarse; wheel, applies; rapidly; sixteen; pieces: remaining; points; following:

The pins are now made, but they are only yellow brass. The next process is to give them whiteness. This is done by putting them into a solution of tin prepared with the lees of wine. By a chemical operation, the tin soon adheres to the brass, and gives the pins a white appearance.

They are then polished, by putting large numbers of them into a vessel with a quantity of bran. The vessel being turned round with a quick motion, the pins are thus rubbed, till they are perfectly bright.

Last of all, they are stuck in rows upon the pin-papers, with neatness, so many in a row, in regular order. They are then ready for sale.

Much of these operations is done by children, and they acquire a habit of doing it with amazing dexterity. But as each one attends only to one part of the business, so the making of every pin has to pass through many hands, before it is ready for use.

Some modern improvements have been made in the process of making pins; particularly in making heads out of the same wire as the body of the pin.

receive; size; twisted; cylinder; define it. Spell spiral; coil, containing; twists; which; soften; placed; children; furnished; machine; fastening; adher; define it. Spell smooth; motion; spectator; define it. Spell headed; yellow; whiteness; putting; solution; define it. Spell chemical; operation; adheres; define it. Spell appearance; polished; vessel; quantity; perfectly; bright; neatness; regular; acquire; define it. Spell amazing; dexterity; define it. Spell business; ready; modern; define it. Spell parti. cularly; improvements.