II. That the Senate shall be composed of Representatives, annually chosen by ballot, one for each county in the State.

III. That the House of Commons shall be composed of Representatives 21nually chosen by ballot, two for each county, and one for each of the towLS of Edenton, Newbern, Wilmington, Salisbury, Hillsborough and Halifax.

IV. That the Senate and House of Commons, assembled for the purpose of legislation, shall be denominated, The General Assembly.

V. That each member of the Senate shall have usually resided in the courty in which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election, and for the same time shall have possessed, and continue to possess, in the county which he represents, not less than three hundred acres of land in fee.

VI. That each member of the House of Commons shall have usually resided in the county in which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election, and for six months shall have possessed, and continue to possess, in the county which he represents, not less than one hundred acres of land in fee, or for the term of his own life.

VII. That all freemen, of the age of twenty-one years, who have been inhabitants of any one county within the State twelve months immediately preceding the day of any election, and possessed of a freehold within the same county of fifty acres of land, for six months next before, and at the day of election, shall be entitled to vote for a member of the Senate.

VIII. That all freemen of the age of twenty-one years, who have been inhabitants of any one county within this State twelve months immediately pre ceding the day of any election, and shall have paid public taxes, shall be entitled to vote for members of the House of Commons for the county in which he resides. IX. That all persons possessed of a freehold in any town in this State, baving a right of representation, and also all freemen, who have been inhabitants of any such town twelve months next before, and at the day of election, and shail have paid public taxes, shall be entitled to vote for a member to represent such town in the House of Commons:-Provided always, That this section shall not entitle any inhabitant of such town to vote for members of the House of Commons, for the county in which he may reside, nor any freeholder in such county who resides without or beyond the limits of such town, to vote for a member for said town.

X. That the Senate and House of Commons, when met, shall each have power to choose a speaker, and other their officers; be judges of the qualifications and elections of their members; sit upon their own adjournments from day to day: and prepare bills, to be passed into ✶ ✶✶

CONSTITUTION: NORTH DAKOTA-1889

§ 18. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation. particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons and things to be seized.

§ 19. Treason against the state shall consist only in leveying war against it, adhering to its enemies or giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be cote victed of treason unless on the evidence of two witnesses to the same overt act, or confession in open court.

§ 20. No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citizens be granted privileges or immunities which upon the stine terms shall not be granted to all citizens.

§ 21. The provisions of this constitution are mandatory and prohibitory unless, by express words, they are declared to be otherwise.

§ 22. All courts shall be open, and every man for any injury done him in his lands, goods, person or reputation shall have remedy by due process of law, and right and justice administered without sale, denial or delay. Suits may be brought against the state in such manner, in such courts, and in such cases, as the legis lative assembly may, by law, direct.

§ 23. Every citizen of this state shall be free to obtain employment wherever possible, and any person, corporation, or agent thereof, maliciously interfering or hindering in any way, any citizen from obtaining or enjoying employment al

See amendments.

ready obtained, from any other corporation or person, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

§ 24. To guard against transgressions of the high powers which we have delegated, we declare that everything in this article is excepted out of the general powers of governments and shall forever remain inviolate.

ARTICLE 2

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

§ 25. The legislative power shall be vested in a senate and house of representa tives.

§ 26. The senate shall be composed of not less than thirty nor more than fifty members.

§ 27. Senators shall be elected for the term of four years, except as hereinafter provided.

§ 28. No person shall be a senator who is not a qualified elector in the district in which he may be chosen, and who shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and have been a resident of the state or territory for two years next preceding his election.

§ 29. The legislative assembly shall fix the number of senators, and divide the state into as many senatorial districts as there are senators, which districts as nearly as may be, shall be equal to each other in the number of inhabitants entitled to representation. Each district shall be entitled to one senator and no more, and shall be composed of compact and contiguous territory; and no portion of any county shall be attached to any other county, or part thereof, so as to form a district. The districts as thus ascertained and determined shall continue until changed by law.

§ 30. The senatorial districts shall be numbered consecutively from one upwards, according to the number of districts prescribed, and the senators shall be divided into two classes. Those elected in the districts designated by even numbers shall constitute one class, and those elected in districts designated by odd numbers shall constitute the other class. The senators of one class elected in the year 1890 shall hold their office for two years, those of the other class shall hold their office four years, and the determination of the two classes shall be by lot, so that one-half of the senators, as nearly as practicable, may be elected biennially.

§ 31. The senate, at the begining and close of each regular session, and at such other times as may be necessary, shall elect one of its members president pro tempore, who may take the place of the lieutenant governor under rules prescribed by law.

$ 32. The house of representatives shall be composed of not less than sixty, nor more than one hundred and forty members.

$33. Representatives shall be elected for the term of two years.

$34. No person shall be a representative who is not a qualified elector in the district from which he may be chosen, and who shall not have attained the age of twenty-one years, and have been a resident of the state or territory for two years next preceding his election.

$35. The members of the house of representatives shall be apportioned to and elected at large from each senatorial district. The legislative assembly shall, in the year 1895, and every tenth year, cause an enumeration to be made of all the inhabitants of this state, and shall at its first regular session after each enumeration, and also after each federal census, proceed to fix by law the number of senators, which shall constitute the senate of North Dakota, and the number of representatives which shall constitute the house of representatives of North Dakota, within the limits prescribed by this constitution and at the same session shall proceed to reapportion the state into senatorial districts, as prescribed by this constitution, and to fix the number of members of the house of representatives to be elected from the several senatorial districts; provided, that the legislative assembly may at any regular session, redistrict the state into senatorial districts, and apportion the senators and representatives respectively. $36. The house of representatives shall elect one of its members as speaker. $37. No judge or clerk of any court, secretary of state, attorney general, register of deeds, sheriff or person holding any office of profit under this state, except in the militia or the office of attorney at law, notary public or justice of the peace, and no person holding any office of profit or honor under any foreign gov

ernment, or under the government of the United States, except postmasters whose annual compensation does not exceed the sum of three hundred dollars, shall hold any office in either branch of the legislative assembly or become a member thereof.

§ 38. No member of the legislative assembly, expelled for corruption, and ne person convicted of bribery, perjury or other infamous crime, shall be eligible to the legislative assembly, or to any office in either branch thereof.

*** shall be limited and defined by law, and a reasonable amount of personal property; the kind and value shall be fixed by law. This section shall not be construed to prevent liens against the homestead for labor done and materias furnished in the improvement thereof, in such manner as may be prescribed bỹ law.

§ 209. The labor of children under twelve years of age shall be prohibited in mines, factories and workshops in this state.

§ 210. All flowing streams and natural water courses shall forever remain the property of the state for mining, irrigating and manufacturing purposes.

§ 211. Members of the legislative assembly and judicial department, except such inferior officers as may be by law exempted shall, before they enter on the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or affruation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that I will support the constitution of the United States and the constitution of the State of North Dakota; and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of the office of according to the best of my ability, so help me God" (if an oath), (under pains and penalties of perjury), if an affirmation, and no other oath, declaration, or test shall be required as a qualification for any office or public trust.

§ 212. The exchange of "black lists" between corporations shall be prohibited § 213. The real and personal property of any woman in this state, acquired before marriage, and all property to which she may after marriage become in any manner rightfully entitled, shall be her separate property and shall not be liable for the debts of her husband.

ARTICLE 18

CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE APPORTION MENT

§ 214. Until otherwise provided by law, the member of the house of representatives of the United States apportioned to this state, shall be elected at large. Until otherwise provided by law, the senatorial and representative districts shall be formed, and the senators and the representatives shall be apportioned as follows:

The first district shall consist of the townships of Walhalla, St. Joseph, Neche, Pembina, Bathgate, Carlisle, Joliet, Midland, Lincoln and Drayton, in the county of Pembina, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The second district shall consist of the townships of St. Thomas, Hamilton, Cavalier, Akra, Beaulien, Thingvalla, Gardar, Park, Crystal, Elora and Lodema, in the county of Pembina, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives The third district shall consist of the townships of Perth, Latona, Adams, Silvesta. Cleveland, Morton, Vesta, Tiber, Medford, Vernon, Golden, Lampton, Eden, Rushford, Kensington, Dundee, Ops, Prairia Center, Fertile, Park River and Glenwood, in the county of Walsh, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The fourth district shall consist of the townships of Forest River, Walsh Center. Grafton, Farmington, Ardock, village of Ardock, Harrison, city of Grafton Oakwood, Martin, Walshville, Pulaski, Acton, Minto and St. Andrews, in the county of Walsh, and be entitled to one senator and three representatives.

The fifth district shall consist of the townships of Gilby, Johnstown, Strabane, Wheatfield, Hegton, Arvilla, Avon, Northwood, Lind, Grace, Larimore, and the city of Larimore, Elm Grove, Agnes, Inkster. Elkmount, Oakwood, Niagara. Moraine, Logan and Loretta, in the county of Grand Forks, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The sixth district shall consist of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth wards of the city of Grand Forks, as now constituted, and the townships of Falconer, Harvey, Turtle River, Ferry, Rye, Blooming, Meckinock, Lakeville and Levant, in the county of Grand Forks, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The seventh district shall consist of the first and second wards of the city of Grand Forks, as now constituted, and the townships of Grand Forks, Brenna, Oakville, Chester, Pleasant View, Fairfield, Allendale, Walle, Bentru, Americus, Michigan, Union and Washington, in the county of Grand Forks, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The eighth district shall consist of the county of Traill and be entitled to one senator and four representatives.

The ninth district shall consist of the township of Fargo and the city of Fargo, in the county of Cass, and the fractional township number 139 in range 48, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The tenth district shall consist of the townships of Noble, Wiser, Harwood, Reed, Barnes, Stanley, Pleasant, Kenyon, Gardner, Berlin, Raymond, Mapleton, Warren, Norman, Elm River, Harmony, Durbin, Addison, Davenport, Casselton and the city of Casselton, in the county of Cass, and be entitled to one senator and three representatives.

The eleventh district shall consist of the townships of Webster, Rush River, Hunter, Arthur, Amenia, Everest, Maple River, Leonard, Dows, Erie, Empire, Wheatland, Gill, Walberg, Watson, Page, Rich, Ayr, Buffalo, Howes, Eldrid, Highland, Rochester, Lake, Cornell, Tower, Hill, Clifton and Pontiac, in the county of Cass, and be entitled to one senator and three representatives.

The twelfth district shall consist of the county of Richland and be entitled to one senator and three representatives.

The thirteenth district shall consist of the county of Sargent and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The fourteenth district shall consist of the county of Ransom and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The fifteenth district shall consist of the county of Barnes and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The sixeenth district shall consist of the counties of Steele and Griggs and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The seventeenth district shall consist of the county of Nelson and be entitled to one senator and one representative.

The eighteenth district shall consist of the county of Cavalier and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The nineteenth district shall consist of the counties of Towner and Rolette, and be entitled to one senator and one representative.

The twentieth district shall consist of the counties of Benson and Pierce, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The twenty-first district shall consist of the county of Ramsey, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The twenty-second district shall consist of the counties of Eddy, Foster and Wells, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The twenty-third district shall consist of the county of Stutsman, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The twenty-fourth district shall consist of the county of LaMoure, and be entitled to one senator and one representative.

The twenty-fifth district shall consist of the county of Dickey, and be entitled to one senator and one representative.

The twenty-sixth district shall consist of the counties of Emmons, McIntosh, Logan and Kidder, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The twenty-seventh district shall consist of the county of Burleigh and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The twenty-eighth district shall consist of the counties of Bottineau and McHenry, and be entitled to one senator and one representative.

The twenty-ninth district shall consist of the counties of Ward, McLean, and all the unorganized counties lying north of the Missouri river, and be entitled to one senator and one representative.

The thirtieth district shall consist of the counties of Morton and Oliver, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.

The thirty-first district shall consist of the counties of Mercer, Stark and Billings, and all the unorganized counties lying south of the Missouri river, and be entitled to one senator and one representative.

CONSTITUTION: OHIO-1802

CONSTITUTION OF OHIO-1802 * *

We, the people of the eastern division of the territory of United States northwest of the river Ohio, having the right of admission into the General Govertment as a member of the Union, consistent with the Constitution of the United States, the ordinance of Congress of one thousand seven hundred and eightyseven, and the law of Congress entitled "An act to enable the people of the eastern division of the territory of the United States northwest of the river Ohio to form a constitution and State government, and for the admission of such State into the Union on an equal footing with the original States, and for other purposes,” in order to establish justice, promote the welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish the following constitution or form of government, and do mutually agree with each other to form ourselves into a free and independent State by the name of the State of Ohio.

ARTICLE I

SECTION 1. The legislative authority of this State shall be vested in a general assembly, which shall consist of a senate and house of representatives, both to be elected by the people.

SEC. 2. Within one year after the first meeting of the general assembly, and within every subsequent term of four years, an enumeration of all the white male inhabitants above twenty-one years of age shall be made, in such manner as shali be directed by law. The number of representatives shall, at the several periods of making such enumeration, be fixed by the legislature, and apportioned among the several counties according to the number of white male inhabitants above twenty-one years of age in each; and shall never be less than twenty-four, nor greater than thirty-six, until the number of white male inhabitants of abore twenty-one years of age shall be twenty-two thousand; and after that event, at such ratio that the whole number of representatives shall never be less than thirty-six, nor exceed seventy-two.

SEC. 3. The representatives shall be chosen annually, by the citizens of each county respectively, on the second Tuesday of October.

SEC. 4. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and be a citizen of the United States and an inhabitant of this State; shall also have resided within the limits of the county in which he shall be chosen one year next preceding his election, unless he shall have been absent on the public business of the United States or of this State, and shall have paid a State or county tax.

SEC. 5. The senators shall be chosen biennially, by qualified voters for representatives; and, on their being convened in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided by lot, from their respective counties or districts, as near as can be, into two classes; the seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the first year, and of the second class, at the expiration of the second year; so that one-half thereof, as near as possible, may be annually chosen forever thereafter.

SEC. 6. The numbers of senators shall, at the several periods of making the enumeration before mentioned, be fixed by the legislature, and apportioned among the several counties or districts to be established by law according to the number of white male in habitants of the age of twenty-one years in each, and shall never be less than one-third, nor more than one-half, of the number of representatives.

SEC. 7. No person shall be a senator who has not arrived at the age of thirty years, and is a citizen of the United States: shall have resided two years in the county or district immediately preceding the election, unless he shall have been absent on the public business of the United States or of this State, and shall. moreover, have paid a State or county tax.

*Journal of the Convention, of the Territory of the United States Northwest of the Okla Begun and held at Chillicothe, on Monday the First Day of November, A.D. 1502, and che Independence of the United States the Twenty-seventh. Published by authority. Co, ita bus: George Nashee, State Printer. 1827." pp. 42.

"Annual Report of the Secretary of State to the Governor of the State of Ohio. Including the Statistical Report to the General Assembly for the year 1876. Columbus: Nevins à Myers. State Printers, 1877. pp. 35-74.

This constitution was framed by a convention which assembled at Chillicothe November 1, 1802, and completed its labors November 29, 1802. It was not submitted to the peop for ratification.