were appropriated to this use. Arn. 19 quid si sole aliquis torrere se suetus et adquirere corpori siccitatem...conqueratur frequentissimis nubilis iucunditatem serenitatis ablatam? numquid ideo dicenda sunt nubila inimica obductione pendere, quia libidini non permittitur otiose rutilare se flammis et causas potionibus praeparare? on Plat. Phaedr. p. 262 seq. fuligo lucubrationum bibenda, sun 193.

70 years of age.

Ast

BIBAT Quintil. xI 3 § 23 VERNUM the April CONTRACTA shrunk, Iuv. being about CUTICULA the i is long also in

canicula, clavicula, craticula L. Müller de re metr. 353.

204 EFFUGIATQUE TOGAM III 172 n. lunata nusquam pellis, et nusquam toga, thus Mart. (1 49 31) recommends the life in his native Spain. So XII 18 17 ignota est toga. Spart. Hadr. 22 senatores et equites Romanos semper in publico togatos esse iussit, nisi si a cena reverterentur. On public occasions, as in the circus, the toga was full dress Suet. Aug. 40 negotium aedilibus dedit, ne quem posthac paterentur in foro circove nisi positis lacernis togatum consistere. Lampr. Comm. 16 contra consuetudinem paenulatos iussit spectatores, non togatos ad munus convenire; this order (the paenula being dark and worn by mourners) passed for an omen of the emperor's death. Friedländer 113 274. BALNEA III 262 263. VI 419. Artemid.

Spartian. Hadr.

1 64 εἶτα δὴ λούονται μέλλοντες δειπνήσειν καὶ ἔστι νῦν τὸ βαλανεῖον οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ ὁδὸς ἐπὶ τροφήν. Cato bathed and supped as usual before his nobile letum App. b. c. 11 98. Apul. met. VIII 29. x 15. The usual time of bathing was the eighth hour Mart. x1 52 3. Plin. ep. 1 1 § 8 ubi hora balnei nuntiata est, est autem hieme nona, aestate octava, in sole, si caret vento, ambulat nudus. 22 ante octavam horam in publico neminem nisi aegrum lavari passus est. The tenth hour is also named as late Mart. III 36 5. x 70 13. cf. VII 51 11. Some bathed at the sixth hour ib. 48 1-4 nuntiat octavam Phariae sua turba iuvencae | ...temperat haec thermas, nimios prior hora vapores | halat et immodico sexta Nerone calet. Spartian. Pescenn. 3 a letter of Severus: tribuni medio die lavant, pro tricliniis popinas habent, pro cubiculis meritoria. saltant, bibunt, cantant et mensuras conviviorum vocant hoc sine mensura potare. Vitruv. v 10 § 1 maxime tempus lavandi a meridiano ad vesperum est constitutum. Tert. apol. 42 non lavor diluculo saturnalibus, ne et noctem et diem perdam, attamen lavor honesta hora et salubri, quae mihi et calorem et sanguinem servet; rigere et pallere post lavacrum mortuus possum. Here Iuv. proposes to bathe at once, though it wants a whole hour of noon Iuv. 1 49 n. 143 n. Lips. exc. on Tac. XIV 2. Marquardt v (1) 277 278. Salm. on Vopisc. Florian. 6 (11 631-4). Becker Gallus sc. 7 exc. 1.

205 FRONTE XIII 242. Pers. v 103 104 exclamet Melicerta perisse frontem de rebus. QUAMQUAM SUPERSIT 11 4 5. vI 88. 199. vII 15. x 34 n. xii 25. XIII 172. xv 30; so generally in Tac. SOLIDA HORA Hor. c. 1 1 20 partem solido

demere de die. See the lexx. DIEBUS Hor. s. 1 3 16.

208

206 QUINQUE VOLUPTATES COMPhaedr. 11 pr. 7

MENDAT RARIOR USUS 'seasons,' 'enhances,' 'sets off.' a jest re commendatur, non auctoris nomine. Plin. ep. 1 2 § 6 sed sane blandiantur, dum per hoc mendacium nobis studia nostra commendent. VII 3 § 3 tempus est te revisere molestias nostras vel ob hoc solum, ne voluptates istae satietate languescant. Ix 5 § 1 iustitiam tuam Provincialibus multa humanitate commendas. ib. 36 § 6 quorum mihi

agrestes querellae litteras nostras et haec urbana opera commendant. id. pan. 5 maris caelique temperiem turbines tempestatesque commendant. Ruhnken ou Vell. 11 29 § 2. comm. on Petr. 110 p. 656.

ADDENDA,

10 Sen. ben. I 10 § 2 foedissimum patrimoniorum exitium culina. Philo legat. 43 (1 596 M) the great men who thought that they were in highest favour with Gaius, were compelled to incur great expenses, πάμπολλα μὲν εἰς τὰς ἀκρίτους καὶ ἀτάκτους καὶ ἐξαπιναίους ἀποδημίας ἀναλίσκοντες, πάμπολλα δὲ εἰς τὰς ἑστιάσεις. ὅλας γὰρ οὐσίας ἐξανάλουν εἰς ἑνὸς δείπνου παρασκευήν, ὡς καὶ δανείζεσθαι· τοσαύτη τις ἦν ἡ πολυτέλεια.

18 MATRIS IMAGINE FRACTA Ambr. de Tobia § 10 (the whole treatise is on usury) at ubi usurarum facta fuerit mentio aut pignoris, tunc deiecto supercilio fenerator arridet et, quem ante sibi cognitum denegabat, eundem tamquam paternam amicitiam recordatus osculo excipit, hereditariae pignus caritatis appellat, flere prohibet. 'quaeremus' inquit 'domi si quid nobis pecuniae est: frangam propter te argentum paternum quod fabrefactum est; plurimum damni erit: quae usurae compensabunt pretia emblematum?' Mart. XI 11 5 cited x 362 n.

31 Lucian pro imag. 20 τὸν Θερσίτην εὐμορφότερον ἀποφῆναι τοῦ ̓Αχιλλέως.

33 TE CONSULE Sen. n. q. iv praef. § 18 ipse te consule, verane an falsa memoraveris.

[40 'Ov. ibidem 846 demisso in viscera censu. Plaut. trin. 424 nisi forte in ventrem filio correpserit. The general character of the imagery of the whole passage reminds me of Pers. II 50 51 donec deceptus et exspesnequiquam fundo suspiret nummus in imo.' J. C.]

43 MENDICAT [Quintil.] decl. 9 § 23 duo egentes et circa omnium, vel ignotorum, domos stipem rogabimus pariter....fortasse proderit mendicaturo mihi, quod ipse aliquando egentem pauperem alui.

[53 ANNO same abl. as 72 parte anni.' J. B. M.]

[72 'PARTE good part. XII 110 partem aliquam belli.' J. B. M.] 148 ET MAGNO Ambr. de Tobia § 19 adhibentur nitentes ministri, magno empti pretio, sumptu pascendi maiori.

149 TONSI DL. VI 31 the pupils of Diogenes.

150 PEXI Lucian cited x 117 fin.

157 Sen. n. q. VII 31 § 2 adhuc quicquid est boni moris, exstinguimus levitate et politura corporum.

164 Alkiphr. ep. 1 39.

XII

TO-DAY, Corvinus, I keep holy to the gods, who have delivered Catullus; nor, were my means equal to my affection, would I withhold the costliest offerings (1-16). For, after encountering all the perils of a storm, and cheerfully sacrificing his treasures to lighten the ship, he has reached in safety our new harbour (17-92). Wonder not then at my rejoicing, nor question its sincerity: he, for whom I raise so many altars, is no orbus, that a fortune-hunter should pay him court: even those who would offer their own children on the altar to propitiate the childless rich, would think any the smallest attention thrown away upon the father of three sons (93-130). With 1-92 cf. Catull. 9. Hor. c. 1 36. II 7. III 14. Stat. s. II 7. Mart. x 87. Gell. XIX 9. With 93-130 Hor. s. 11 5. Luc. dial. mort. 5-9. Obbar on Hor. ep. 1 1 78.

1-16 To-day, Corvinus, is sweeter to me than a birthday. To-day I perform the promised vow to the three gods of the Capitol, snow white lambs to Iuno and Minerva, to Iuppiter a calf just weaned; if my fortune were as my love, a fat bull from the Clitumnus should prove my gratitude for my friend's deliverance.

1 NATALI XI 84 n. Hor. c. Iv 11 17 18 iure sollemnis mihi sanctiorque | paene natali proprio. Mart. 1x 53. Censorin. 3 § 6. Aug. de beata vita § 6 idibus Novembris mihi natalis dies erat: post tam tenue prandium, ut ab eo nihil ingeniorum impediretur etc. Becker Gallus 13 127 128. Serv. on ecl. III 76 sane cum natalis apud maiores plenum fuerit, posteritas natalis dies dicere coepit: nam cum Hor. dixerit natales (ep. 1 2 210), Iuv. ait natali Corvine, die. Cic. however (see Forcell.) uses natalis dies. 2 PROMISSA 115. XIII 233.

CESPES 85. Ov. tr. v 5 9 araque gramineo viridis de caespite fiat. Tert. apol. 25 prope fin. temeraria de caespite altaria. Hor. c. I 19 13. III 8 4. Luc. Ix 988. Stat. s. 1 4 131. Lact. vI 25 § 27 God requires an offering not of the man and the life; for which neque verbenis opus est, neque fibris, neque caespitibus, quae sunt utique vanissima, sed iis, quae de intimo pectore proferantur. Maxim. Taur. serm. 96 p. 655 (ed. 1784). Berthold de ara 6 (Graev. vi 273 274).

3 NIVEAM Aen. IV 61 (cited 8 n.). White victims were offered to the gods

of heaven. Liv. XXVII 37 B.C. 207 the temple of Iuno Regina on the Aventine was struck by lightning; boves feminae albae duae porta Carmentali in urbem ductae. Vopisc. Florian. 6 fin. the senators were so overjoyed, ut in domibus suis omnes albas hostias caederent...convivia sumptuosiora praevenirent.

REGINAE a title under which Iuno was worshipt among the Etruscans, at Ardea, Lanuvium, Pisaurum etc. At Rome the Capitoline Iuno is generally called Regina in inscriptions (Orelli ind.) and documents. Preller röm. Myth. 253. Temples were built in honour of Iuno Regina by Camillus on the Aventine and by M. Aemilius Lepidus B.C. 179 (Liv. v 22 §§ 4. 7. 23 § 7. XXXIX 2 § 11). Ov. f. vi 37 cur igitur regina vocor? Varr. 1. 1. v § 67. Serv. Aen. I 8. VIII 84. Martian. Capella I § 40 Kopp. DUCIMUS 112. x 65.

4 GORGONE abl. instr. As Pallas bore the Gorgon's head on her shield, Gorgo is used for the shield. Aen. 11 616 of Pallas limbo effulgens et Gorgone saeva ['effulgent with the border and terrible with the Gorgon': i. e. wearing the aegis, with its golden fringes and border, and the Γοργείη κεφαλὴ δεινοῖο πελώρου in the centre'. Η. Α. J. Μ.]. Prop. v=IV 9 58 fortia dum posita Gorgone membra lavat. Ov. m. v 230 of Perseus in partem Phorcynida transtulit illam. Claud. gigantom. 91 92 Tritonia virgo | prosilit ostendens rutila cum Gorgone pectus. id. in Rufin. 1 280 rigida cum Gorgone Perseus. cf. sat. vII 130 rhinocerote. In Ov. m. vII 151 two mss. have arietis aurei for the golden fleece. Claud. in Eutr. 11 387 non septem vasto quatiens umbone iu. vencos (hides). Haupt opusc. II 168 169. 5 Serv. Aen.

II 134. Iuv. acknowledged the claims of his religion III 320 n. 6 TARPEIO VI 47 48. to Iuppiter, Iuno and Minerva belonged separate cellae in the Capitoline temple (Liv. vI 29 § 9. Becker röm. Alterth. 1 397. Burn Rome and Campagna 189 190. Schwegler 1 696— 9): hence they are frequently invoked together. Liv. 1 17 § 3 Iuppiter optimus maximus Iunoque regina et Minerva aliique di deaeque obsidentur. VM. v 10 § 2 Iovem optimum maximum Iunonemque Reginam et Minervam precatus sum. Sil. x 433-6 Drakenb. Liv. vI 16 § 2. xxII 1 §§ 17 18. Serv. Aen. 11 225. Lact. 1 11 § 39. Martian. Cap. 1 § 39 Kopp. Some supposed them to be the Penates Arn. III 40. Macrob. 11 4 § 8. cf. Serv. Aen. I 12. FRONTEMQUE CORUSCAT Heins. and Burman on Ov. m. Iv 493 cite exx. of corusco mucronem, hastam, telum, ferrum. 7 VITULUS Hor. c. 1 36 2. IV 2 54-60, TEMPLIS MATURUS VIII 169 maturus bello. 8 MERO Aen. IV 59-61 Iunoni...ipsa tenens dextra pateram pulcherrima Dido | candentis vaccae media inter cornua fundit." vi 244 Servius. Ov. met. vII 594. UBERA MATRIS Hor. c. IV 2 54-56 me tener solvet vitulus, relicta | matre qui largis iuvenescit herbis in mea vota. 9 VEXAT NASCENTI ROBORA CORNU Verg. g. III 232 233 irasci in cornua discit | arboris obnixus trunco. id. ecl. 3 87. Hor. c. III 13 4-8. Galen. de usu partium 1 3 (111 6 K) had noticed a calf butting (kupíтTоvтα) before his horns had grown.

10 Hor. c. II 17 30-32. III 23 9-20.

ADFECTIBUS a silver age use Plin. ep. 1 1 § 8 of Verginius Rufus ille mihi tutor relictus adfectum parentis exhibuit. Iv 19 § 1 nec tantum amitae ei adfectum verum etiam patris amissi repraesentes. VIII 11 § 1 adfectum tuum erga fratris filiam...etiam materna indulgentia molliorem. Ix 13 § 16 Döring. x 4-3 § 6. 11 HISPULLA

VI 74 cf. 11 50 Hispo. so Cato Catullus, Maro Marullus, homo homullus

VIII 452-3. Plin. ep. VIII clearness of its waters.

PASCUA 40.

13 CLITUMNI the

(Corssen Aussprache 112 149). Clitumnus (Clitunno) falls near Mevania in Umbria (Bevagna) into the Tinia (Timia), a tributary of the Tiber Verg. g. II 146-8 Servius hinc albi, Clitumne, greges et maxima taurus | victima saepe tuo perfusi flumine sacro | Romanos ad templa deum duxere triumphos. Prop. In 19 25 26. Colum. III 8 § 3 armentis sublimibus insignis Merania est. Luc. 1 473. Stat. s. 1 4 129. Sil, IV 547-8. VI 647 648. highly extols the beauty of its banks and the cf. Suet. Cal. 43. Claud. vI cons. Hon. 506 507. epigr. 4 3 4. Addison works 1 410 Bohn. Childe Harold IV 66-68. SANGUIS the blood and neck would go to the altar, i.e. the ox chosen for his fulness of blood (cf. Verg. g. 111 492) and thick neck. Cf. infra 112 ebur. XIV 10 gula. X 238 239 halitus oris, | quod steterat multis in carcere fornicis annis. 14 A GRANDI FERIENDA MINISTRO gerundives (in Gr. perf. pass.) usually take dat. of agent; they take abl. with ab (vπò with gen.) however sometimes for perspicuity Cic. leg. agr. 2 § 95 venerandos a nobis. de imp. Pomp. § 6 Halm. esp. p. Caecina § 33 Jordan. ep. fam. 1 9 § 17. Ov. m. II 431. Roby 11 pref. LXXV. GRANDI VII 210 n. FERIENDA the technical term Mühlmann col. 191. Ov. f. IV 415 apta iugo cervix non est ferienda securi. MINISTRO popa Suet. Cal. 32 admota altaribus victima succinctus poparum habitu elato alte malleo cultrarium mactavit. 16 AMICI Catullus 29. 93.

17-61 Catullus has escaped not only the risks of the waves but thunderbolts; darkness overcast the heaven with one cloud and a sudden flash caught the yard-arms; every man thought himself struck, and stunned with the shock counted blazing shrouds worse than any shipwreck. No terror by which poets add awe to a storm was wanting there. Hear another form of danger, and pity once more; though it is true what remains, if terrible, is but part and parcel of the same mischance, known to many, to which numerous temples by their votive tablets bear witness. Who knows not that painters look to Isis for their bread? The hold now half filled, as the billows rocked the ship, and the hoary master's skill found no help for the tottering tree, he compounded with the wind by lightening the vessel; as the beaver ransoms his life by biting off the drug for which he is hunted. Over with all that's mine' cried Catullus, readily offering purple robes fit for fops like Maecenas, Spanish woollens of native dye, chargers engraved by Parthenius, a bowl that holds a draught for Pholus or for Fuscus' wife, baskets, a thousand plates, embossed goblets in which Philip of Macedon had caroused. Who else the wide world over would, to save life, cast away his all? Most of the cargo is thrown out without relief; as a last resort the master fells the mast to ease the vessel by crippling her to a hulk. Go now, commit your life to the winds, trust a drest plank, and live four, or at most seven, fingers' breadth from death: and with bread-sack and wine-flagons, be sure to pack up axes against storms.

17-19 ANTEMNAS dig. XIV 2 6 navis adversa tempestate depressa ictu fulminis deustis armamentis et arbore [Iuv. 32] et antemna. 17 ET x 354 n. 19 NUBE UNA Corte on Luc. vr 346. 21 ATTONITUs Sen. n. q. II 27 § 3 of the thunder-clap hic proprie fragor dicitur, subitus et vehemens, quo edito concidunt homines et exanimantur, quidam vero vivi stupent et in totum sibi excidunt, quos vocamus adtonitos, quorum mentes sonus ille caelestis loco pepulit. 23 TALIA TAM in

IUV. II.

15