Eugene of Savoy, Prince, junction of
his forces with those of Marlborough,

87,89; commands the allied right at
Blenheim, 91; signally defeats the
French at Turin, 99; besieges Toulon,
109; joins Marlborough at Oudenarde,
112; at Malplaquet, 117; his ill recep-
tion in London, 131; is treacherously
deserted by the Duke of Ormond and
the British army, and thus incurs a
defeat at Denain, 135; death, 230.
Eugene Beauharnais, Prince, commands
the French in Italy, 617; defeats the
Archduke John on the Piave, 617; Jel-
lachich in the valley of the Muhr, 617;
and joins Napoleon at Aspern, 618;
defeats the Archduke John at Raab,
619; and prevents him assisting the
Austrians at Wagram, 620; serves in
the Moscow campaign, 655; conducts
the French retreat to Leipsic, 653;
loses ground in Italy, 666; is com-
pelled to retreat beyond the Alps, 686.
Exchequer Bills, Pitt's issue of, 487;
further issue of, 610.
Excise, Walpole's Scheme of, 228.
Exclusion of Strangers from the Houses

of Parliament, 357; from the House
of Commons-case of John Gale
Jones, 629.

Exmouth, Lord, bombards Algiers, 718.

Fere Champenoise, battle of, 684.
Feudal Rights, their oppressive charac-

ter one of the causes of the French
Revolution, 447; abolished, 457.
Feuillants, a French Revolutionary Club,

469.

Fielding, Henry, the novelist, 809, 810.
Fine Arts, condition of, in the early
part of the eighteenth century, 175,
and in the reign of George III., 771.
Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, one of the
leaders of the United Irishmen, 514;
invites the French to invade Ireland,
517; his arrest and death, 517.
Fitzherbert, Mrs., marries the Prince of
Wales, 440.

Fitzwilliam, Lord, appointed to the
Government of Ireland, 515.

Five Acts, the, 726.

Flaxman, employed by Wedgewood
as a designer, 770; his ability as a
sculptor, 779.

Fleet Prison, state of the, in 1729,227.
Fletcher, lieutenant-colonel, constructs
the lines of Torres Vedras, under the
directions of Wellington, 634.
Fleurus, battle of, 25.
Fleury, Cardinal, Prime Minister of
Louis XV. mediates between Spain
and England, and obtains peace, 224.

Flinders, Lieutenant, explores the coasts

of Australia, 792.
Floating Debt, 208, note.

Flood, Henry, the rival of Grattan in
the Irish House of Commons, 435;
opposes Pitt's remedial measures for
Ireland, 436; enters the English
House of Commons, 463.

Florida ceded to England by the Treaty
of Paris (1763), 322; ceded to Spain by
the Peace of Versailles (1782), 413.

Fly Shuttle, invention of, 755.
Flying Squadron, the, 104.
Flying Coaches, 839.

Fontainebleau, treaty of, between Napo-
leon and Charles IV. of Spain, 609;
abdication of Napoleon at, 691.

Fontenoy, battle of, 248.

Foote, Samuel, a famous actor, and the
originator of farces, 838.

Forbes, Duncan, Lord Advocate, con-
ducts the inquiry into the Porteous
riots, 234; his services to the Govern-
ment during the rebelli n of 1745, 255;
rude treatment of him by the Duke of
Cumberland, 261.

Fort William, erection of, 28.

Foster, Thomas, heads the Jacobite

rising in the North, 188: his incapa-
city, 191; surrenders at Preston, 192;
escapes from prison, 195.

Foundling Hospital, established by Cap-
tain Coram, 847.

Fox, Charles James, summarily dismis-
sed from the Treasury, 366; appointed
Secretary of State in the second
Rockingham Administration, 403; re-
tires on the death of Rockingham,
409; forms a coalition with Lord
North against Shelburne's Govern-
ment 413; appointed Foreign Secre-
tary, 414; his India Bill, 428; is dis-
missed from office, 429; leads the
opposition against William Pitt, 430;
loses popularity, 432; factiously op-
poses Pitt's measures for the improve-
ment of Ireland, 436; spirit of his
opposition to the commercial treaty
with France, 438; his defence of the
Prince of Wales in Parliament, 440;
applauds the French Revolution, 461,
463; scene between him and Burke,
464; denounces Pitt's preparations
for war, 472; his vehement declara
tion against the Act to repress public
discussion, 499; supports the volun-
teer movement of 1803, 558; Foreign
Secretary in the Ministry of All the
Talents," 581; makes overtures for
peace to Tallyrand,555; his death and
character, 586.

Fox, Henry, Lord Holland, father of the
above, a member of Pelham's Broad
Bottom Ministry, 263; joins Pitt in
opposition to Newcastle, 209; accepts
a seat in the Cabinet, 289; made
Secretary of State, 273; appointed
paymaster of the Forces, 278; con-
tinues in office under Lord Bute, 327 ;
created Lord Holland, 327.

France. The Grand Alliance against

Louis XIV., 11; operations of the
war until the treaty of Ryswick, 33-38;
44-48; treaty of Ryswick, 57, 58;
intrigues of Louis XIV. for the Spanish
Succession, 65; the two Partition
treaties, 65, 66; formation of a new
Grand Alliance against France, 51;
beginning of the War of the Spanish
Succession, 78; (see Spanish Succes-
sion, War of); great distress in
France consequent on the war, 116;
remarkable fatalities in the French
royal family, 133; the Peace of

Utrecht, 135; death of Louis XIV.,
187; accession of Louis XV. and
appointment of the Duke of Orleans
as regent, 187; conclusion of the
Triple Alliance, 203; Law's Mississippi
Scheme, 210; matrimonial disagree-
ments with Spain, 221; Ministry of
Cardinal Fleury, 224; the treaty of
Spain
Seville, 226; compact with
against the maritime power of Eng-
land, 238; French designs in the War
of the Austrian Succession, 241 (see
Austrian Succession, War of); Peace
of Aix la Chapelle, 264; colonial
quarrels between the Virginians and
Canadians, 269; disputes concerning
Nova Scotia, 271; Braddock's expedí-
tion against the French on the Ohio,
271, 272; commencement of the Seven
Years' War, 274 (see Seven Years'
War); contests between the French
and British in India, 301 (see East
India Compnay); the Family Com-
pact with Spain, 318; the Peace of
Paris, 322; secret assistance sent to
the Americans in their revolt against
England, 380; an open alliance is
made with them, 383; Spain joins the
alliance, 387; hostilities with England
in 1779, 388; and in 1781, 399; Rodney's
great defeat of the French fleets under
the Count de Grasse, 408; combined
attack on Gibraltar defeated, 410; the
treaty of Paris, 412 (see French
Revolution and French Empire).
Francis I. Emperor. Formerly Duke
of Lorraine, 230; husband of Maris
Theresa, 213; elected emperor, 251.

Francis, Sir Philip, member of the
new council of Bengal, 421; the repa-
ted author of the Letters of Junius,
349, 803.

Frankfort, Declaration of, 665.
Franklin, Benjamin, cautions General

Braddock against the Indians, 279;
agent in England for the colony of
Pennsylvania. 332; sets forth the
grievances of the colonists at the Bar
of the House of Commons, 337; case
of the purloined letters, 365; grossly
treated by the Privy Council, 365; is
present at the debate on Chatham's
bill for the pacification of America,
369; confers with Lord Howe, 378;
sent on a mission to France, 381; nego-
tiates the treaty of peace with Eng-
land, 412; his discoveries in electricity,

784.

Frederick William I., King of Prussia
not on good terms with his father-in-
law George I., 198; secretly joins
Spain and the Empire against the
Alliance of Hanover, 223.

Frederick, II., called the Great, King of
Prussia, seizes Silesia, on the death of
the Emperor Charles VI., 241, 244;
England guarantees its possession to
him by the Convention of Hanover,
250: Austria, by the treaty of Dresden,
251; schemes for the dismemberment
of his dominions, 275; concludes an
alliance with England, 275; obtains
possession of Saxony, 276; his battles
at Prague and Kolin, 280; at Rosbach
and Leuthen, 281, 282; immensely
popular in England, 282; his battles of
Zorndorf and Hochkirch, 295; battle of
Kunersdorf, 297; battles of Leignitz
and Torgau, 300; position of his affairs
at this time, 317; the Alliance against
him dissolves, 320; and he ends the
war successfully, 321, 323.

Frederick William II. of Prussia, joins!

with the Emperor and other Euro-
pean sovereigns in the Declaration of
Mantua, issued against the French
Revolution, 460; accedes also to the
Declaration of Pilnitz, 460; obtains a
subsidy from England, 482, 484; con-
cludes a separate peace
with the
republican Government, 485; joins
Russia in the partition of Poland, 485,
486.

Frederick William III. of Prussia, con-

sents to receive Hanover from Napo-
leon, 574; his helpless position, 588;
Napoleon's insolent treatment of him,
588; his vacillating policy; 589; de-
feated at Jena, 590; escapes with the
remnant of his army into Konigsberg,
591; rejects Napoleon's overtures for
peace, 592; but presently concludes a
peace, conjointly with Russia, at
Tilsit, 603, 601; attends Napoleon's
Court at Dresden, 651; compelled to
join Russia and the allies against
Napoleon, 658; subsidise by Eug-
land, 660; his troops present at Dres-
den, 661 is present himself at the
battle of Leipsic, 603.

French Empire, establishment of, 565;
battle of Austerlitz and dissolution of
the old German or Holy Roman En
pire by the treaty of Presburg, 573-
558; the frontier kingdoms by which
Napoleon sought to strengthen his
Empire, 587; admission of Saxony,
into the Confederation of the Rhine
590; secret articles of the Treaty of
Tilsit by which France and Kussia
arrange for the division of Europe,
604; institution of the continental
system, 605 usurpation of the Span-

com-

ish throne, 609; extent of the Empire
at the height of Napoleon's power,
636; invasion of Russia and
mencement of Napoleon's decline,
653-657; events which brought about
the expulsion of the French from
Germany, 657-666; their expulsion
from Spain, 666-678; Napoleon at bay,
within the limits of the French
monarchy, 678-684; loss of Holland,
Belgium, and Italy, 685; abdication
of Napoleon, 691; the frontiers of
France defined by the Peace of Paris,
692; causes of Napoleon's return to
power, 698; his measures for the
re-establishment of the Empire, 700;
final defeat at Waterloo, 714; his
forced abdication, 715; restoration of
the Bourbon monarchy and settle-
ment of its boundaries by the second
Peace of Paris, 716. (See Napoleon.)

French Republic proclaimed, 471; ag-
National
gressive decrees of the
Convention, 471; declares war against
Great Britain, 474; Committee of
Public Safety appointed, 477; in-
fluence of the Revolutionary tri-
bunal, 178; the insurrection of Lyons
and the war in La Vendée, 479: the
Reign of Terror, 480; execution of
Robespierre, 482; great republican
generals, 482; orders no quarter to be
given to British soldiers, 483; affiliates
the Batavian republic, 481; extends
its frontiers to the Rhine and the
Alps, 489; establishment of the Direc-
tory, 500; Bonaparte's first Italian
campaign, 501; revolution of the
eighteenth Fructidor, 511; treaty of
Campo Formio, 511; Bonaparte's
expedition to Egypt, 523; battle of the
Nile, 521; expulsion of the French from
Italy, 527; establishment of the Con-
sulate, 531; reconquest of Italy, 539
Peace of Luneville-the frontiers of
the Republic extended to the Adige,
542; evacuation of Egypt, 548; Peace
of Amiens, 553; establishment of the
Empire, 565. (See Bonaparte and
French Revolution.)

French Revolution, some of the promi-
nent causes of, 445-151; meeting of the
States General, 451; taking of the
Bastille, 155; Louis XVI. in the
National assembly, 453; first emigra-
tion of the nobility, 157; wholesale ab ́--
lition of abuses, 457; the roval family
forcibly brought to Paris, 457; Fête of
the Federation, 458; flight and arrest
of the royal family, 459; close of the
Constituent Assembly, 400; effects
of the Revolution on English politics,
461; and on English po try, 815; meet-
ing of the Legislative Assembly, 468;
imprisonment of the royal family in
the Temple, 400; meeting of the

National Convention and proclama-
tion of the Republic, 471; execution of
Louis XVI., 474; (see French Republic.)

Friedland, battle of, 602.

Friendly Societies, instituted, 849.

Friends of the people,-a parliamentary
reform association, 466, 468.

Fulton, Robert, his experiments in
steam navigation, 767.
Fuentes d'Onore, battle of, 637.
Furruckabad, battle of, 581.

Gabelle, or Salt Tax, 448.

Gage, General, sent to command at
Boston, 344; affray between his soldiers
and the citizens, 355; appointed gover-
nor of Boston, 36-4; sends out an expe-

dition to Concord, 370; directs the
battle of Bunkers Hill, 371; recalled,
377.

Gainsborough, landscape painter, 775.
Galvani, his discovery of animal elec-
tricity, 785.

Galway, Earl of, commands in Portugal,

97; enters Madrid, but is presently
compelled to evacuate the city, 97;
signally defeated at Almanza, 108;
censured by parliament, 125.

Gambier, Admiral Lord, commands the
naval expedition against Copenhagen.
in 1807, 606; fails to support Lord
Cochrane in Basque Roads, 623.
Gambling, 829; laws enacted against
it, 830.

Gaols, inquiry into the state of the

London gaols, 227; their wretched
condition, 228; public attention drawn
to them by John Howard, 846. (See
Crime and Criminal laws.)

Gardiner, Colonel, conduct of his
dragoons before the Highlanders, 252,
253; his bravery at Preston Pans,
where he is slain, 254.

Garrick, David, a pupil of Dr. Johnson,

797; his character as an actor, 838.
Gas Lighting, introduction of, 843.
Gates, General Horatio, appointed to

act under Washington, 373; surrounds
General Burgoyne at Saratoga and
forces him to surrender, 383; set up
as a rival to Washington,397; defeated
at Camden, 399.

Gay, author of the "Beggar's Opera," 173.

General Warrants, their nature, 328,
note; arrest of Wilkes on one, 38;
his arrest declared unlawful, 329;
brings an action for damages, but
loses it by a technicality, 330; debates
in Parliament on, 331; officers ais-
miss d for voting, their illegality, 331;
declared illegal by a resolution of the
Commons, 337.

Gentlemen, manners of, in the town,
154, 155, 829, 833; in the country, 158,
159, 833.

Gentleman's Magazine started, 797, 801.
Geography, discoveries in, during the
reign of George III, 7857-96.
Geology, early progress of the science

of, 783.

George. Prince of Denmark, husband
of Queen Anne: votes for the Ocea
sional Conformity bill, 80; Lord High
Admiral, 114; death, 114;

George I., created an English peer while
still Electoral Prince of Hanover, 142;
becomes heir-apparent on the death of
his mother, 73, 142; proclaimed king on
the death of Queen Anne, 144; lands
at Greenwich, 179; his character and
personal appearance, 179, 181; cap-
tivity of his wife, 179; he rules only
through the Whigs, 181; the first Weig
administration under Lord TownS-
hend, 181; the first Jacobite rebellion,
193, 198; he visits Hanover and con
cludes the Triple Alliance, 198, 199;
acquires the duchies of Bremen and
Verden, 199; jealousy between him
and the Prince of Wales, 199; this leads
to the dismissal of Townshend, 201;
Lord Stanhope forms the next
administration, 201; Triple Alliance
produces hostilities with Spain

a Quadruple Alliance is formed
against that power 203; the fall of
Alberoni is followed by peace, 2015; an
open rupture takes place between the
King and the Prince of Wales, 200;
a Peerage bill is introduced to curtail
the prerogative of the Prince when he
succeeds to the throne, 206; the bill is
lost, and the Prince's friends rejoin the
ministry, 207; the South Sea Scheme,
208, 214; Walpole becomes Prime
Minister, 215; troubles with Ireland
on account of the issue of a new copper
coinage, 218; renewed complications
abroad resulting from the Quadruple
Alliance, 221; conclusion of the
alliance of Hanover, 223; faithless con-
duct of the King's son-in-law, Frederick
William of Prussia, 223; the Minis-
ters differ in their opinion of the
Alliance, 223; Bolingbroke endes-
vours to undermine Walpole's influ
ence at Court, 225; the King's last
visit to Hanover, and death, 225.