29. Figures based upon the Use of the Same Word: Ana- diplosis, Epanalepsis, Epanaphora, Palillogy, Iden- 37. Figures based upon the Use of Contraries: Antithesis, 38. Figures based upon Position or Arrangement: Hyper- 39. Figures based upon Quantity: Parison, 40. Synthesis, Tmesis, 41. Figures based upon Quality: Homoeoptoton, Homoeo- 42. Interrogation, Percontation, 43. Uses of Figures, 44. Concinnity of Expression, 45. 46. As determined by Quantity in Diction, Offices of Compact and Loose Diction, 47. Concinnity as determined by Quality in Diction, 48. Of Order or Arrangement, 49. The Construction of Feet: how modified by Word- BOOK V. I. Of Imitation and Criticism, 2. Comparison of Greek and Latin Writers, *3. Comparison of Homer and Virgil, which takes up 4. Comparison of Virgil and other Greeks than Homer, 5. Comparison of Virgil and Theocritus, 6. Comparison of Virgil and Apollonius, 7. Comparison of Horace and Greek Writers, 8. Comparison of Ovid and Greek Writers, 9. Comparison of Oppians and other Writers, 10. Latin Writers compared among themselves, II. Comparisons of Pestilences, 14. Various other Comparisons: Lions, Lionesses, She- bears, Bulls, Goats, Wolves, Horses, Serpents, Eagles and Serpents, Phoenixes, Dolphins, Wild Beasts of the Caves, Cranes, Bees, Mars, Ceres, Diana, Amazons, Enceladus, Pestilences, Falling 15. Comparison of Lucan and Nicander, 16. Comparisons of Various Other Passages, which takes up Twenty-six Columns, 17. Consideration of Introductions and Conclusions, BOOK VI. 4. Latter-day Writers: Marullus, Vegius, Bigus, Augu- rellus, Angerianus, Fiera, Micyllus, Quintianus, Mantuan, Dampetrus, Accius, Rogerius, Vulteius, Cordus, Molossus, Amaseo, Alexander, Gaidanus, Mombritius, Rhodophilus, Dolet, Verinus, Egnatius, Strozzi, Mutius, Palingenius, Pierius, Cotta, Aonius, Beatianus, Naugerius, Collatius, Alciati, Castiglione, Faustus, Bonincontrus, Lancinus, Eras- mus, Altilius, Melanchthon, Germani, Cerratus, Bembo, Politian, Vida, Pontanus, Sannazaro, Fra- 5. Writers of the Fourth Period: Macer, Serenus, Sidonius, Calpurnius, Nemesian, Boethius, Auso- 6. Writers of the Third Period: Martial, Valerius Flac- cus, Statius, Juvenal, Persius, Seneca, Sulpicia, 7. Writers of the Second Period: Cornelius Gallus, Quin- Of all the above the criticism extends to the end of 2. Certain much-needed Criticisms, 3. Examination of Bembo's Codex of Terence, I. 1. THE INDISPENSABILITY OF LANGUAGE, ITS ORIGIN, USES, END, AND CULTIVATION Everything that pertains to mankind may be classed as necessary, useful, or pleasure-giving, and by an inherent characteristic of all these classes the power of speech was implanted in man from the very beginning, or, as time went on, was acquired. Since man's development depended upon learning, he could not do without that agency which was destined to make him the partaker of wisdom. Our speech is, as it were, the postman of the mind, through the services of whom civil gatherings are announced, the arts are cultivated, and the claims of wisdom intercede with men for man. It is of course necessary to secure from others those things which we need, to give orders to have things done, to prohibit, to propose, to dispose, to establish, and to abolish. Such were the functions of early speech. Then the usefulness and effectiveness of language were increased by rules governing construction, dimensions, as it were, being given to a rude and formless body. Thus arose the established laws of speech. Later, language was adorned and embellished as with raiments, and then it appeared illustrious both in form and in spirit. As to an undefined body the metric science appoints breadth, angles, and length-the masters of harmony also add proportion, the pvpoí of the Greeks-so to an unordered language law first gave the so-called rules. Next, more careful cultivation added knowledge of windings, of valleys and hills, of retreats, of light and shade. To speak figuratively, such cultivation afforded the soldier his necessary armor, the senator his useful toga, or the more elegant citizen his richer pleasure-robe. Not unlike these were the ends which lan |