7. Magdeburgh surrenders to the French. stances. 10. French army enters Poland. 19. Westminster Election ends, having lasted arrest. 20. Hameln surrenders to the French. 28. The French enter Warsaw, the capital of DECEMBER. 1. Bonaparte arrives in Poland. Issues a proclamation, in which he determines to Occupy all the countries he has overcome, till Britain shall restore all the conquests she has made! 2. Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland, issues a decree enforcing the BLOCKADE of Britain. 15. Meeting of the new Imperial Parliament: Mr. Abbot re-chosen speaker of the H. of Commons. 19. His Majesty's speech by Commission, to Parliament. (Vide Panorama, p. 870.) 22. Negociation papers laid before Parliament. (Vide Panorama, p. 878.) The principal events of the year as they affect Britain, may be considered as, 1. The death of its most eminent statesmen and officers: with, 2, The consequent changes in administration: 3. The attempt at negociations for peace: with, 4. Their failure: 5. The controversy with America, and its arrangements: 6. The breach with Prussia and its termination: 7. The election of a new Parliament: 8. The BLOCKADE of the island and 9. The conquest of the Cape of Good Hope, and of Buenos Ayres. AUSTRIA. lic debts of these districts on himself; receives Saltzburgh, and Berchtolsgaden; for Duke Ferdinand, the principality of Wurtzburg. Bavaria takes Augsburgh, Wirtemberg takes Borndoff; the Helvetic republic is acknowledged, also the Batavian. Presburg and its environs to be evacuated by the French in Styria, in ten days; and in two months, the five days; Moravia, Bohemia, Hungary, and whole of the hereditary dominions of Austria, except Brannau. Venice shall be given up in fifteen days to the French: Istria, Dalmatia, the mouths of the Cattaro, and the Venetian Isles, in six weeks. Jan. 15. The Emperor issues a proclamation to the inhabitants of Vienna, on his return to that capital, impressed with sentiments of their inviolable attachment and fidelity." The Archduke Charles issues a proclamation to his army, which must "return to the peace establishment, till the protection of the throne and the country summon them to new dangers and new glory," after a period of repose. Feb. 1. Proclamation of the Emperor to his subjects: "Has made great sacrifices, with difficulty wrung from his heart"-for the welfare of millions, in the return of peace. The wounds inflicted by the war are deep several years may be necessary to heal them, and to obliterate the impression inflicted by the sufferings of this unfortunate period." Aug. 6. The Emperor of Austria resigns the office of Emperor of Germany, because he finds it impossible to continue the obligations contracted by the capitulation of election; and because the Convention of July 12, signed at Paris, has entirely destroyed every such hope. Being thus convinced of the impossibility of fulfilling the duties of the imperial functions, we consider as dissolved the ties which have hitherto attached us to the states of the Germanic empire; considering as extinguished by the Confederation of the states of the Rhine, the charge in chief of the empire, do resign the Imperial crown, and the Imperial government, and absolve all states of the empire from their duties," &c. By a second proclamation the Emperor continues the salaries and appointments of the officers, &c., connected with the dignity of Emperor. The chief matters relating to Austria are, 1. The treaty of Presburgh: 2. The squabble By the articles of the treaty of Presburg, about Cattaro, which, France not having ocsigned Dec. 25, 1805, Austria relinquishes to cupied it within the time appointed for its deFrance every thing beyond the Alps; theVene- livery by Austria, was seized by the Russians tian dominions: several principal cities to the and Montenegrins, as being no longer the King of Bavaria; five cities on the Danube to property of Austria but of France: 3. The the King of Wirtemberg, with part of the Bris-resignation of the Imperial crown of Gergaw, The Emperor of Austria takes the pub-many: 4. The distressed state of the finan March 3. Bonaparte, on opening the session of the legislative body, used the following expressions concerning England. I am desirous of peace with England. On my part, I shall never retard that moment. I shall always be ready to conclude it in adopting for its bases, the stipulations of the treaty of Amiens."- -This passage was extracted by M. Talleyrand in his correspondence with Mr. Fox, and led to the negociations for peace between France and England. -states Annual Exposé, at the opening of the session of the legislative body, a project of navigation of the Seine from Paris to Chattillon,- -improvements on the Saone at Chalons, Tours, and Maçon, with a cathedral at the latter place,pays great attention to Lyons, as the " capital of French industry."- -Savoy,- -Piedimont: a brother of Bonaparte will govern and reside at Turin.-Genoa, "her wishes are to be French she is half so already"——has solicited the honour of adoption by France: this wish has been accomplished. ——The ancient kingdom of the Lombards is restored. --Italy, her power is our own. Roads are repairing; bridges building; canals forming; basins digging; ports cleansing; weighing machines for the roads, in number 125; telegraphs. New cities in La VendéeCruizers and privateers" It was Bonaparte's chief aim, by getting Dalmatia into his hands, to be ready to protect the independence of Turkey"Let England be finally convinced of her imbecility." 4. Message from Bonaparte to the French Senate; has married the Princess Stephanie, neice of our dearly beloved spouse, to Prince Charles, hereditary Prince of Baden" and has adopted the said Princess Stephanie. May 27. Ragusa taken possession of by the French. May 30. Bonaparte issues an edict, announeing an assembly of the principal Jews, at Paris, for July 15. The number appointed from the whole of France is 74. July 12. The act of the Confederation of the Rhine signed at Paris. It comprises France, Bavaria, Wirtemburgh, Baden, Berg, HesseDarmstadt, Nassau - Weilburg, NassauUsingen, Hohenzollern-Ochingen, Hohenzollern-Siegmaringen, Salm-Salm, SalmKyrburg, Isenburg, Birstein, and Lichtenstein, Aremberg, and Levin; who determine to be for ever separated from the Germanic body, to abolish all laws of the empire by which they have been hitherto bound to assume titles of higher rank than heretofore; to meet in congress at Frankfort; to enter no service of foreign powers; and not to alienate any part of any Sovereignty, except to the confederates, &c, &c. Contingent of France, 200,000 men, Bavaria 30,000, Wirtemberg 12,000, Baden 3,000, Berg 5,000, Darmstadt, 4,000, Nassau, Hohenzollern, and others 4,000. Aug. 4. The assembly of the Jews deputed to represent that nation held sittings at Paris: several questions proposed to it, this day; but, they are extraordinary, only by their little importance. 66 Oct. 6. The Jews address a letter, from this assembly to those of their nation and religion, announcing Buonaparte's intention of convening at Paris, a Grand Sanhedrin, and inviting our dear brothers to choose men known for their wisdom, friends of truth and of justice, and capable of concurring with us in this great work," that all the Jews in Europe may co-operate in the regeneration of their brethren, under the inspection of Napoleon the great. 10. Message from Bonaparte informing the French Senate of the War with Prussia, including a note from M. de Knobelsdorff, the Prussian minister, in which he says, "But above all, what proves the spirit of this measure [the Prussian armaments] is, that his Majesty has concerted it with no person whatsoever, and that the intelligence respecting it arrived sooner at Paris, than at Vienna, St. Petersburgh and London." -. Bonaparte heads his army againt Prussia, which he leads from France, to Berlin, &c. and to Poland, &c. after the battle of Auerstadt. The chief observables in France internally, are. 1. The attempts made to give importance to ordinary occurrences, such as the repair of roads, bridges, &c. with the planning of canals, improvements in the ports, dock-yards, &c.-2. The general deadness of mercantile adventure, and adventurous trade, &c. notwithstanding, the annual exhibition of goods at a kind of fair in Paris.-3. The prevalent use of English commodities, notwithstanding all endeavours of Bonaparte to prevent it. [ The English language is so prevalent in France, that besides there being already a news-paper printed in this language at Paris, M. Gagliani, a bookseller, came to London, at 1 the close of 1806, as an agent for establishing correspondents on behalf of a projected Magazine, to be published monthly at Paris, in the English language. The news-paper was established with intention to degrade the English nation; but seems to have spread desire for additional acquaintance with English literature.]—4. The forcible conscription of the youth.-5. The state of religion, and religious opinion. a The observables as to the external conduct of France are, 1. Its duplicity, and finesse.-2. The state of warfare into which it plunges its neighbours.-3. The success of that warfare.-4. Farther plans of a like nature.-5. The extent of its present power, by means of having subjected Holland, Bavaria, Wirtemberg, Northern Italy, Southern Italy, &c., to its yoke.-6. The enmity of its chief against Britain which hitherto refuses to wear that yoke. The changes and vicissitudes of this country, are noticed under FRANCE, AUSTRIA, PRUSSIA, &c. Feb. 25. Marshall Bernadotte's proclamation, whereby Anspach being ceded to France by Prussia, is given to Bavaria. 28. The Prince Royal of Bavaria assumes the title of Archduke; and a number of Princes, Counts, &c. whose territories lie between the rivers Iller, Lech, and Danube, merge into the dominions of Bavaria. March 15. Bonaparte's brother in law, Prince Murat, appointed Duke of Cleves and Berg, in perpetuity. These countries being ceded to France by the Kings of Prussia and Ba varia. HOLLAND. Jan. 1. The tax on professions takes place from this day hereafter no person can exercise any traffic, commerce, trade, profession, &c. &c. without having obtained a patent, to be renewed yearly. These patents must pay, according to the extent of the business done by individuals, from 500 florins down to a single florin. The thea tres and other establishments of diversion are equally subjectd to this tax. Those 'who wear hair powder are taxed, by patent, 5 florins, 5. so. Same day takes place an extraordinary duty on hats, gloves, stockings, pantaloons, waistcoats, breeches, watches, docks, tableclocks, perfumes, preserved fruits, playing cards, almanacks, newspapers, and all other articles of luxury. The tax is to be paid by the buyer to the seller, over and above the value of the article. May 24. Treaty between France and Holland for the establishment of a King of Holland, signed at Paris. 66 June 5. The extraordinary ambassadors of Holland, at Paris, were fetched with great state to the throne of Bonaparte, and after three profound reverences, they intreat him to grant, as the supreme chief of the republic, as King of Holland, Prince Louis Napoleon, brother of your Majesty, to whom we deliver, with entire and respectful confidence, the administration of our laws, the defence of our rights, and all the interests of our beloved country-closely united, by he very destiny, to that of your immense and immortal cinpire."- Graciously granted, of course. I proclain Prince Louis, King of Holland. Reign, Prince, over these people." His Imperial Highness, Prince Louis, then advanced to the foot of the throne and made his acknowledgements: "I will go and reign in Holland, since those people desire it, and I am ordered by your Majesty. United by interest, my people will likewise be united by their sentiments to your Majesty and to France." Bonaparte continues in his brother the office of Connestable of France. Allows Cardinal Fesch (his uncle) to be coadjutor to the Arch-chancellor of the Germanic Empire. Confers the principality of Benevento on Talleyrand: that of Ponte Corvo on Marshal Bernadotte. In his message to the Senate, he says, "in a commercial point of view, Holland being situated at the mouth of the great rivers that water a considerable portion of our territory, it was necessary that we should have a guarantee for the faithful execution of the treaties of commerce we shall conclude with her, in order to reconcile the interest of our manufactures, and of our commerce, with those of that people. Holland is the first political interest of France." THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. General dispositions. 1.. The constitutional laws actually in force, especially the constitution of 1805, as the civil, political, and religious laws, the exercise of which is conformable to the regulations of the treaty concluded May 24 of this year, shall be preserved inviolate, with the exception of those only which shall be abolished by the present constitutional laws. 2. The administration of the Dutch colonies is regulated by particu-. lar laws, and the expenses of the colonies shall be estimated as a part of the revenues of the state. 3. The public debt is guaranteed by the present laws. 4. The Du.ch language shall continue to be employed exclusively in the laws, the publications, ordonnances, judgments, and all public acts, without distinction. 5. There shall be no changes made in the name or the value of the current coin, unless it shall be authorised by a particular law. 6. The ancient colours of the state shall be preserved. 7. The council of state shall be composed of thirteen members. The ministers shall hold their rank, their sitting, and their votes of deliberation, in the said council Of religion.-1. The King and the law grant equal protection to all religions which are professed in the state. By their authority every thing necessary for the organization, the protection, and the exercise of every kind of worship is to be confined to the interior of the churches belonging to the different communions. 2. The King shall enjoy the public exercise of his religion in his Palace, and in every other place where he shall reside. Of the King-1. The King shall have, exclusively and without restriction, the complete exercise of the governinent, and all the power necessary to secure the execution of the laws, and to cause them to be respected. He has the nomination to all the charges and offices, civil and military, which, according to anterior laws, were vested in the Grand Pensionary. He likewise enjoys the pre-eminence and the prerogatives hitherto attached to that dignity. The coin of the state shall bear his name. Justice shall be administered in his name. He has the right of granting a pardon, abolition, or the mitigation of the pains pronounced by judiciary awards; nevertheless, he shall not be authorised to exercise this right, but after having heard the members of the national court in his privy council. 2. Upon the death of the King, the office of guardian to the Minor King shall be vested in the Queen Dowager; and, in case of her death, in that person who shall be nominated for the purpose by the Emperor of the French, &c. &c. -Óf the Law.-1. The law is established in Holland by the concurrence of the legislative body, formed of the assembly of their High Mightinesses, and by the King. The legislative corps is composed of 38 members, elected for five years, and nominated as follows: for the department of Holland, 17 members; Guelderland, 4; Brabant, 4; Friesland, 4; Overyssel, 3; Zealand, 2; Groningen, 2; Utrecht, 2; Drenthe, 1. But the number of their High Mightinesses may be augmented by a law, in case of aggrandizement of territory. 2. To complete the number of members authorized by the foregoing article, their High Mightinesses shall present to his Majesty a list of two candidates for each of the vacant places. The King shall make the election out of the candidates proposed. 3. The present Grand Pensionary shall take the title of President of their High Mightinesses, and exercise his function in this quality during life. The choice of his successor shall take place in the manner determined by the constitution of 1805. 4. The legislative body shall chuse a recorder out of its own body, by a plurality of votes. 5. The legislative corps shall assemble in ordinary twice in the year, viz. from the 15th of April to the 1st of June, and from the 15th of Nov. to the 15th of Jan. On the 15th of Nov. a fifth of the oldest members shall go out from the body. The first members shall go out on the 15th of Nov. 1807. Such members, notwithstanding, may be re-elected.- Of judiciary power.-1. The judiciary institutions shall be preserved in the mode they have been established by the constitution of 1805. 2. Relative to the judiciary power, the King shall exercise all the rights and all the authority vested in the Grand Pensionary by virtue of the constitution of 1805. 3. Every thing that relates to the exercise of military crimi nal justice, shall be separately regulated by an ulterior law." On Wednesday, June 11, King Louis arrived from Breda with his wife and children at Rotterdam-about 9 o'clock same evening arrived at the Hague. 20. Gave public audience in high style: a speech was delivered by Mynheer De Vos Van Steenwyck Tot Den Hogenhof. "The assembly of their High Mightinesses, in whose name I speak, are come in a body to offer their obedience to your Maj. and to felicitate, &c." King Louis's answer considers" this as the first day of the real independence of the United States."- -"However, even monarchy is not sufficient for a country which, though powerful and important, is not sufficiently so for its position, which requires forces of the first rank both by land and sea. It will therefore be necessary for it to form a connection with one of the great powers of Europe, with which its amity may be eternally secured without any alteration of its independence." Aug. 6. King Louis suppresses certain Dutch newspapers, "for having spoken in a light and unjustifiable manner of governments with which we are at peace." Ordaining that all censure of the acts of different governments shall be punishable. Oct. 3. King Louis's letter to their High Mightinesses, lamenting "the burdens and grievances of our good people," has assembled his troops in consequence of rumours of war-desires supplies of money-to anticipate the reception of the income" had reckon ed on a momentary aid from our faithful cities of Amsterdain and Rotterdam, but a concurrence of peculiar circumstances has opposed obstacles to the complete success of that undertaking' -no time to lose, the business is pressing. The chief points of recollection concerning Holland are, 1. the universality and pressure of the taxes. 2. The inability of the governors to remedy the evils which overwhelm the country. 3. The erection of this republic into a Kingdom, and the King of it, Louis Bonaparte; with the new constitution, of course. 4. The Dutch army, with the anticipation of the revenue necessary to equip it. 5. The silence of the Dutch navy. 6. The failure of a loan to Louis, in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. ITALY. Dec. 27, 1805. Bonaparte gives notice of his intention to destroy the Kingdom of Naples -"the Neapolitan dynasty has ceased to reign." Jan. 12. Bonaparte informs the French senate that he has appointed Prince Eugene (Beauharnois) Viceroy of Italy, whom he has adopted as his son, and gives him an eventual right to the crown of Italy. Sept. 17. Rome. An edict against assisting the rebels of adjoining countries; political disputes, and political discussions. The congregation of general police is authorised to proceed without the ordinary formalities of justice, and from the simple notoriety of the fact, against every person without distinction. Observe, 1. In the north of Italy, the establishment of the son of Bonaparte's wife by a former husband. 2. The expulsion of the King of the two Sicilies from Naples; his Majesty takes refuge in Sicily, under the protection of British troops. 3. The placing of Joseph Bonaparte as King of Naples, which is but an uneasy station without the possession of Sicily also. (Vide Panorama, P.918.) 4. The nullity of the Roman power civil and ecclesiastical. PRUSSIA. Jun. 27. Issues a proclamation professing to occupy Hanover and its dependencies, by Prussian troops, till the conclusion of a general peace." Feb. 28. The King of Prussia transfers his sovereignty over the little state of Neufchatel, to France. March 28. Proclamation by the Prussian Governor of Hanover, Count Schullenburgh, for shutting the ports of the North Sea, against the British trade (dated Hanover) in the same manner as when the French troops occupied the states of Hanover"- "to prevent the introduction and transit of British goods." April 1. King of Prussia's proclamation for taking definitive possession of Hanover.VOL. I. Sup. Lit. Pan. we have signed a convention with his Majesty of France, in conformity to which the legal possession of the states of the Electoral House of Brunswick Luneburg, belonging by right of conquest to his Imperial Majesty of France, is granted to us, in exchange for the cession of three of our provinces, and in virtue of farther solemn guarantees on each side"-these countries,— from this time forth are to be considered as in our possession, and subject to our power alone."-Magistrates, c. to con tinue their functions in our name. June 24. Declaration of King of Prussia in council to Hanoverian Deputies, that some things which they complained of as contrary to former public securities were only intended pro tempore-that his intention was only to introduce such changes, as may be necessary to unite as intimately as possible the Hanoverian territory with my monarchy, of which it now constitutes a part." Sept. 12. Proclamation by the Prussian Administration of Eichfeld and Erfurt, announcing his Prussian Majesty's intention not to consent to cede or exchange any of his provinces whatsoever," as authorised by his Royal Majesty." Oct. 9. Proclamation of the King of Prussia to his army, dated head-quarters, Erfurt. "We have to cope with an enemy who has defeated, around us, the most numerous armies; who has humbled the most powerful states; who has destroyed the most venerable constitutions; who has deprived more than one nation of its independence and its name; a similar fate was intended for the Prussian monarch-that monarchy too was doomed soon to disappear, to be subjected to a foreign master, and arrogance and rapacity already anticipated the partition of the North of Germany.-We fight then for independence, for our altars, for our home, nay, for every thing that is dear to us.""We are also the saviours and deliverers of our German brethren."-"Great, energetic, and decisive, must be our exertions." The points for recollection in the conduct of Prussia are 1. her concupiscence in wishing to obtain territories belonging to others, and receiving them as a bribe, from Bonaparte. 2. Her want of foresight that her own turn for being spoiled was only postponed, not forgotten. 3. Her rashness in attempting to maintain herself, single handed, against France, without, at least, attempting to derive assistance from those powers which she had rendered inimical by delusion, who yet, might have been induced, upon proper representation, to assist her. Sie had of fended England by her conduct as to Hanover, &c: Russia, by her tergiversation af C |