of the harbour of Nangasaski. Our nav gation from the entrance to the interior part of the harbour, lasted three months; we stopp d at five different places, and those five pauses have been of great advantage to us in the attainment of our object. Lieutenant Lowenstern has collected a valuable quantity of designs of the many vessels we have seen, with their various colours and other decorations. Among the Japanese, every person of rank has his own particular colours and decorations. Baron de Billingshausen has copied several of the country ships, and has a very exact drawing of a Chinese felucca. Counsellor Tilesius has completed a large collection of designs of fishes, birds, plants, and other productions of the ea. Doctor Langdorf has stuffed and embalmel most of those same birds and fishes. INJECTIONS OF THE NERVES. M. OSIANDER has lately exhibited to the University of Gottingen, several preparations of the nerves, injected with mercury. It is already known by the interesting work of M. Reil, de structura nervorum, that the optic nerves, after a certain preparation, might be injected with mercury; that is to say, after the expulsion of the softened contents of the smaller tubes, canaliculi, by means of a syringe of a particular construction mercury may be distributed throughout them, because these canaliculi anastomose, or communicate with each other, so that injection is necessary only by one orifice. During many years M. Osiander has practised such injections in a manner peculiar to himself. He has shewn the optic nerves of oxen, and calves, resembling threads of silver, interlaced, preserved in spirits of wine. He remarked on this occasion, that Coiter of Nuremberg in his work, now very rare, intituled, " Externarum et in"ternarum principalium humani corporis "partium tabulæ, Norib. 1572, fol." had said, p. 87, " Opticus nervus minime, ut "Galenus aliique ejus assecla voluerunt, ex "solido corpore eoque perforato constat, ve"rum non aliter atque ceteri omnes nervi, "ex multis nervosis fibris sive filamentis sibi "mutuo membranarum beneficio connatis "conflatur. Hoc in bovino optico nervo luce "clarius est, nam si medullarem frusti cu jusdam nervi optici humiditatem digitis ex"presseris, filamenta nervosa conspicies. Idem attestatur Eustachius in examine ossium "ubi sic inquit: nervus visorius veluti te"nuissimum matronarum linteum, in innu 66 46 meras rugas æquales et pari serie distribu tas complicatus, tuniculaque illas ambiente 46 coactus hac eadem incisa evolvi sese per"mittebat et in amplam membranam totum "explicari atque intendi." Consequently Coiter was acquainted with the structure and texture of the optic nerves, and on this acquaintance is founded the pos sibility, questioned by many, of injecting these nerves with mercury. However, till now no attempt had been made to inject other nerves than the optic, especially in union with various parts of the body, because it was not understood by what means the nerves might be prepared for the reception of the mercury. But M. Osiander took advantage of an opportunity offered by nature, herself, to promote such an undertaking. Some time ago, of twins which were born in the lyingin hospital, one died of a watery head." M. Osiander on examining the brain, found the softer substance extremely shrunk, but the cortical, on the contrary, extended by the wa ter, with the fine pellicules of the brain; and presenting that membraneous substance which Dr. Gall is of opinion, may be effected in any brain, by art. This observation led him to conjecture that the marrowy substance of the nerves of this child might be equally shrunk and wasted in the nervous canals, so as to permit the progress of mercury. He tried, in consequence, to inject several nervea of the body, and succeeded. M. Osiander shewed this preparation, unique in its kind, in which the nervus phrenicus of the left side, the truncus communis pro nerco mediano, cubitali et cutaneo, the nervi cutitalis, cutaneus major, palmaris medianus, and the rami digitales ex mediano were partially injected to the ends of the fingers with quicksilver. In the left foot, the nervi lumbalis, cruralis, saphenus, with many of their branches, were clearly shewn, without any varicose extent. M. Osiander infers, that in this way, and after an experiment which has so fully succeeded, art may succeed hereafter in injecting with quicksilver the nerves of those subjects which have been wasted by disease, till at length the nervous system may be as completely exhibited and understood as the lymphatic now is. Certain effects which have been observed, give reason to conclude that similar injections are equally possible in other subjects also. SPECIFICATIONS OF PATENTS. Patent granted to Richard Willcox, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engineer; for Machinery for the more expeditiously cutting, stripping, or plucking the various Furs, Beavers, Seals, Wool, Hair, &c. from the various Skins now cut, plucked, or stripped by Hand, and for sundry Methods of preparing and cleansing the said Skins.-Dated December 19, 1805. THIS invention is ingenious, but of limited utility, and not to be understood without the drawings which accompany it. Patent granted to Messrs. Hobson, Sylvester, and Moorehouse, of Sheffield, for a new Method of sheathing Ships, roofing Houses and lining Water-spouts.-Dated May 18, 1805. THE material used for these purposes is zinc, or spelter, cast into ingots, bars or pieces of any convenient size; then rolled between rollers, into plates of any required thickness. In order to prevent the zinc or spelter from cracking or breaking by the pressure of the rollers, it must be heated by fire to a degree between 200 and 300 of Fahrenheit; and kept at that heat till the metal is reduced to one-fourth of its original thickness; after which it may be rolled to the thickness required without farther heating. These plates being very hard, and difficult to be bent or worked, they must be annealed, by again heating them to the temperature before mentioned, and will then possess sufficient tenacity and flexibility, to be cut, bored, punched, or perforated like copper; and may be fastened with iron nails to ships or vessels having the usual treenails, bolts, or fastenings, but not of copper; or the nails may be of iron coated with zinc or spelter, or with tin. The best general rule for applying metals as fastenings for zinc or spelter sheathing, is to take that metal which is nearest in Galvanic power to zinc or spelter itself, and causes the least quantity of oxydation when made with zinc or spelter into a Galvanic pile. Iron and tin are metals of this description, and those among metals in general are to be preferred, of which a piece being laid in salt water, in contact with a piece of zine or spelter, is found to produce the smallest change in the zine or spelter in any given time. The sheets of zinc or spelter for roofing of houses or lining of spouts are to be manufactured, annealed, and fastened in the same manner, and with the same materials, or otherwise, when it is thought needful to fasten the plates more closely to cach other. The same may be done by a solder composed of tin and zinc or spelter, or a solder of tin and lead, similar to that used by plumbers and other artists, under the name of soft solder. Patent granted to William Sampson, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Wheelwright; for certain Improvements in the Application of Power employed mechanically, especially as adapted to the Use of Cranks and Fly-wheels, or other Contrivances producing equivalent or similar Effects.-Dated February 12, 1806. THIS invention is distinguished by various advantageous dispositions of mechanic agency. The improvements principally consist in the division of any power which turns a reciprocating axis be.ween two or more arms intersecting that ax's, and communicating their motion to corr ponding cranks, wheels, or other suitable contrivances, for the purpose f uniting to work one and the same shaft; the arms by this combined process transmitting to such shaft, with great advantage, the power impressed on them; for the action of each arm assists that of the rest, and, if the power be equally divided between the two arms, the action of the one exactly balances that of the other. Machinery, generally speaking, cannot be too simple: we are afraid that this invention leads to a complication of parts: possibly, however, experience may prove our fears to be unfounded. List of Patents for Inventions, &c. Richard Tomkinson, of the town of Liver pool, in the county of Lancaster, Salt-Merchant; for a machine, engine, or instrument, for making white salt, and preparing brine to make white salt.-Dated August 1, 1806. James Rawlinson, of the town of Derby, Gentleman; for certain improvements on ap◄ paratus commonly made use of as trusses or bandages for ruptures.-Dated August 1, 1806. Peter Marsland, of Heaton Norris, in the county of Lancaster, Cotton-spinner; for an improved method of weaving cotton, linen, woollen, worsted, and mohair, and cach or any of them by machinery.-Dated August 1, 1806. Thomas Fricker, of New Bond-street, in the county of Middlesex, Paper-hanger; and Richard Clarke, of Manor-street, Chelsea, in the said county, Paper-hanging Manufac turer; for a new mode of decorating the walls of apartments in imitation of fine cloth, without joint, seam, or shade, by means of cementing of flock on walls of plaster, wood, linen, or paper-Dated August 1, 1806. Ralph Walker, of Blackwall, in the county of Middlesex, engineer, for an improved mode of making ropes and cordage of every dimension or size, by not only making all the yarns bear equally in the strand, and laying the strands uniformly in the rope, but also by making the rope or cordage from the yarns in the same operation.-Dated August 9, 1806. Josias Robbins, of Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, Millwright, and James Curtis, of the city of Bristol, Coppersmith; for certain improvements in boilers for manufacturing sugar, and in the mode of fixing the same, whereby much labour and fuel will be saved.—Dated August 20, 1806. John Bywater, of the town and county of, the town of Nottingham, for an improvement in certain sails of ships, and other navigable vessels, and the mode of working the same.-Dated August 22, 1806. John Curr, of Belle Vue House, in the county of York, Gentleman; for a method of laying and twisting the that com yarns pose a rope; by which method the yarns of a rope have a better and more equal bearing than in other ropes.-August 23, 1806. ・ Richard Ford, of the city of Bristol, Ropemaker; for a new kind of cordage, made by a process entirely new, from old rope or junk, or such short ends of new rope as are now commonly converted only into oakum or coarse paper; by means of which process the objections to cordage usually termed twicelaid cordage are totally obviated, and the newly-invented cordage is made nearly equal to cordage made from new materials.-Dated August 30, 1806. Rep. Arts, &c. No. 52. PROPOSITA PHILANTHROPICA. -homo sum Humanum nikil a me alicnum puto. BIBLE SOCIETIES. Ir appears from the second (annual) report of the British and foreign bible society, May 7, 1806. That, The German protestant edition of the New Testament, printed by the Nuremberg society, has been delivered to their subscribers at 12 kreutzers (less than fire-pence) per copy. The types are kept standing. The same society published proposals for printing the old Testament: but it collected in Germany, not more than 5,000 florins: the expense would be 11,000 florins. The British society voted as an additional donation £200. At Berlin, a bible society is formed, to which the King has given 20 Frederics d'Or. This society has received from England £100; and a promise of £100 more, in the event of its undertaking a Polish bible. The catholics at Ratisbon have subscribed for the reprinting of Mr. Schwarzel's New Testament. To a bible society established in Esthonia, for the Esthonian, Finnish and Swedish Provinces, the London society has remitted £150. Two thousand copies of N. T. in Spanish for distribution among the Spanish prisoners of war, with 1000 extra copies of the Gospel of St. Mathew, have been printed, and gratefully received. A number of French Testaments have been bought and distributed. The edition of the Gospel of St. John, int the Mohawk language, which was printed at the expense of the society, and forwarded to Canada, for the purpose of distribution among the native Americans, had reached Montreal at the close of last year; and there is reason to believe that by this time it has been conveyed to the Indian settlements. It will afford the well-wishers of the society satisfaction to know, that the interpreters in the Indian villages deem the translation to be very correct. A bible society is formed in Ireland, recommended by a catholic bishop, and 1000 copies of the stereotyped edition in 12mo. are sent from England for dispersion among the catholics. The general interest of the in stitution has been greatly promoted in Scot land. Out of 335,000 highlanders 300,000 comprehend the Gaelic language only; 20,000 copies of O. and N. T. are ordered for their use. The island of Jersey, has received 300 copies of N. T. in French. 20,000 copies of the bible in Welsh: 10,000 additional of N. T. are ordered: the latter are complete. The book of Genesis and the Gospel of St. Mathew are commenced in the Chinese language. The funds for this work are chiefly expected from Europe. We may safely report on the whole, That the society has made considerable strides towards the accomplishment of it's object: but that object must be deemed imperfectly accomplished whilst any nations, to whom the blessings of the Holy Scriptures can be conveyed by means of the bible society, remain in want of them; and hence it will appear that subscriptions, donations, and collections, are more than ever necessary to ena ble the society to maintain it's engagements, and carry into full effect the wishes of it's supporters. In Dublin last year were distributed, at an expense of £952 9s. 3,000 bibles; 6,607 testaments; 2,228 prayer books; 17,934 moral tracts: the demand for further donations of a like kind is progressively and rapidly increasing. The public officers of this Society are, President, Lord Teignmouth; nine Vice-Presidents; Treasurer, Hen. Thornton, Esq. M. P. Secretaries, Rev. John Owen, Fulham; Rev. Joseph Hughes, Battersea; Rev. C. F. Steinkopff, Savoy, London. State of the Society's Fund, March 31, 1806. L. s. d. 107 7 11 RECEIPTS. Balance 31 March, 1805 Subscriptions to 31 March, 1806 gations in Scotland 245. 1. 2, 3939 G4 122 13 7 9 2 11 3 SOCIETY FOR MISSIONS TO AFRICA AND THE EAST, BY MEMBERS OF THE ESTA BLISHED CHURCH. Sixth Anniversary. THE establishment of this Mission is at Sierra Leone, on the Coast of Africa. The last letters received from the Missionaries are dated Jan. 14 and 15, 1805; and were accompanied by Mr. Hartwig's Journal from Nov. 25 to Dec. 29, 1805. They were anxious for the arrival of their brethren; but they purposed to quit the Colony, if a suitable opportunity offered, without waiting their arrival, and follow the direction of the committee in immediately establishing themselves up the country. Mr. Renner had baptized, since he had officiated in the Colony, forty-six children, thirty belonging to the Nova-Scotians and sixteen to the Maroons: none of them older than thirteen years. On the 10th of August, 1805, the following three brethren were presented to the committee, having recently arrived from Ger many: Rev. Gustavus Reinhold Nylander, a native of Revel, in Livonia, aged 29. Rev. Leopold Butscher, a native of Ueberlingen, on the Bodensee, in Swabia, aged 29. Rev. John Godofred Prasse, a native of Seif hennendorf, in Upper Lusatia, aged 28. These Missionaries were to have been accompanied by John Charles Barneth; but, "The cominittee, after frequent conferences with Mr. B., and having heard the report of the medical gentlemen who had attended his wife in a recent illness, and who represented her constitution as altogether unfit to encounter a tropical climate, resolved, that though they were perfectly satisfied of the personal piety and Missionary zeal of Mr. Barneth, and would have gladly engaged him had he obtained ordination, and had not the state of his wife's health precluded them from sending her to Africa; yet, after maturely considering all circumstances, they felt themselves under the painful necessity of declining to take him under their protection. In consequence of this resolution, Mr. B. and his family returned by the first opportunity to Berlin, and your committee made him such compensation for any loss which he might have sustained by his engagement with the society, as the Rev. Mr. Jaenicke suggested.” We record this truly honourable conduct with great pleasure. These Missionaries on their intended voy, age were stranded on the Coast of Ireland; but were saved, and afterwards embarked at Bristol, for Sierra Leone. The committee has in contemplation a mission to the east. State of the Society's Fund, March 31, 1806. Bal. in hand, March 31, 1805 45 19 7 RECEIVED. Subser. March 1805 and 1806 PAID. 749 14 10 9 11 6 £4281 094 155 0 0 124 5 7 220 9 54 2335 0 0 4139 11 9 141 9 0 £4281 0 94 The REGULAR OFFICERS of this institu tion are seven governors, and a committee of twenty-four gentlemen. Treasurer, Henry Thornton, Esq. M. P. Secretary, Rev. Josiah Pratt, Doughty Street, As the object of the following Societies is Benevolence; Donations, Subscriptions, or Favours of any kind, intended for them, will be received at the Office of the LITERARY PANORAMA, Hatton Garden, (or for others of a similar character, whose REGULAR OFFICERS will favour us with communications), and punctually remitted to the Managers. FRIENDS OF FOREIGNERS IN DISTRESS. We feel a sincere, and we venture to say, laudable pleasure, in announcing to the Public, an institution characterized by the purest benevolence. It has been customary among the Chaplains of the several Embassies residing in London to meet occasionally in a kind of Society, wherein, among other things, the state of the poor of their respective nations, was occasionally discussed. As may be supposed, each of these worthy ministers had received from his countrymen applications too numerous, to be satisfied by the personal benevolence of an individual; it therefore became the subject of discussion among them whether an appeal should not be made to the national generosity of Britons: and after circulating among their friends proposals to this effect, a meeting was held, at the London Tavern, at which Count de Rehausen, the Swedish Ambassador, presided. The purport of this institution being known, it has been joined by several highly respectable persons, and is likely to assume a regular form, and more decided operations in the course of the ensuing winter. The address printed by the Society observes, that, None, among all the children of misfortune, have a fairer claim to a portion of assistance from the feeling and affluent, than those who are destitute in a strange land; whose ignorance of our language and manners, precludes them from the means of gaining subsistence, or renders them a prey to the base and the artful; and who, when sunk in poverty, or worn by disease, seek in vain for consolation, or sympathy. The intention of the Society is to administer relief, without distinction of profession, of country, or of religion, to such indigent and distressed strangers, who may unfortunately be found in a city like this, the emporium of commerce and the favoured seat of the arts and sciences. The object of the Society, is to assist those who are not entitled to parochial relief; and also such as, having obtained a settlement in this country, may have a legal claim to a bare subsistence from a parish: to both descriptions relief will be given, as circumstances may require; and where the Society judges it proper, the indigent will be provided with the means of returning to their own country. The Secretary is Charles Murray, Esq. Bedford Row, Holborn. UNFORTUNATE FEMALES. There is no man whose heart is not absolutely inaccessible to a sense of human misery, but has contemplated with the deepest compassion, the number and condition of those unfortunate females with which our metro polis abounds. Ingratitude, and of the deepest dye, thank God, not generally to be found among men, can alone undervalue felicities which attend the society of the virtuous part of the sex; and the consideration of what those individuals might have been whose depravities degrade them to a different character, had they never departed from the paths of virtue, must affect every mind endued with sensibility. It would be for our honour were every woman honourable; for our virtue, were every woman virtuous; how many are lost to society who in the various domestic offices of life, as wives or as mothers, or in the various stations and ranks of the the sex. community, might diffuse joy and gladness, might alleviate the sorrows of distress, might smooth the bed of pain, and honourably discharge those hourly tendernesses for which God and nature have so eminently qualified The contrast of what might be compared with what actually is, engages the finer feelings of the mind, and calls the best passions of our nature into exercise. And if, extending our view beyond the present life, as becomes rational creatures, we consider this temporary scene as a passage to eternity;what is our duty in regard to our fellow-creatures, concerning whom it is no breach of charity to fear the very worst? Every argument which might be addressed to the man of sense, to the man of benevolence, to the true patriot, to the genuine christian, unites to impress the importance of whatever has a tendency to alleviate the sufferings which distinguish these most calamitous cases of vice and misery; it is therefore with sincere pleasure we learn that a plan for the relief of unfor tunate females is under the consideration of sundry respectable persons, and will, when matured, be submitted to the Iublic at a gene ra! meeting. In the mean tune any suggestions on the subject will be thankfully received by Joseph Reyner, Esq. Old Swan Stairs, or T. Pellatt, Esq. Ironmonger's Hall. FREE CHAPEL RE-Opened. On Sunday, Sept. 7, was re-opened, having been shut up for repairs, the Free Chapel in West-street, St. Giles's. As institutions of this kind are, in our opinion, calculated for great public benefit, we shall hereafter resume the subject. The object of this Chapel reflects great honour on the Rev. W, Gurney, the Minister appointed thereto by the Rector of the Parish and licensed by the Bishop of the Diocese; on the benevolent Founder, who supports it solely by an annual donation of 50. guineas; and on the poor, for whom 450 seats are reserved gratis, who attend with apparent devotion and regularity, |