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Ut dicturi sint, hæc, paucis proferam.
Atque hinc habete-pace quod fiat bona-
Quicumque posthac munus occupat sibi,
Hunc lege solitâ nec contra morem loqui.
Primum vetusto more gratias volunt
Nec nimium vobis agere nec sane parum:
Dein "unumquodque quod quidem est vellissimum,
Carpetis:" si non displicet cognoscere.
Ast hoc videtur esse quærendum magis-
Quod nostris apte commodis opem ferat-
Ut vos adsitis æqui mente et auribus.
Hine liberate, quos pudor vinctos tenet,
Manibus benignis: mutuamque tradite
Fidem, dum res amici reprehenditis.

Hactenus hæc dixi munus exsequens meum;
Verum hæc timemus, ne molestus accidat
Eventus; neu res nostræ placuerint parum,
Hoc solum, ut vobis volupe sit, quærentium.
Quòd si favebunt rebus his feliciter,

Quæ non minori parte consentum tenent;
Certum est, ex illis optimos omnes idem
Brevi sumpturos esse exemplum tempore;
Male nam res omnino processerit, viri
Si tardent, illæ plausus quum signo jubent.

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.

All communications intended for insertion must

be authenticated by the name and address of the writer. Rejected communications cannot be returned.

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Adams (Rev. C. H.) Schoolboy Honour, a Tale of Halmin-hatred of the mandarins, and by the rigid discipline ster College, feap. 8vo.

Ahn (Franz) Manual of German Conversation, for English

Travellers, 12mo.

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fcap. 8vo.

his divine mission enabled him to enforce, he rapidly conquered the provinces lying along the Yang-tse-Kiang, and three years ago entered Nankin as conqueror and king. There he has remained ever since, his authority spreading west and south into the interior, east towards the sea, and only ceasing as it approaches the thicker Tartar population towards Pekin itself. Whether he is by this time self-deceived, or merely an able politician, no European will ever know, but this much is certain, he considers the propagation of his faith as important as the extension of his dominion, and permits no dissent within the sphere of his authority. He does not, however, commit the ravages attributed to him, which are usually the work of the Imperialists, whose policy, when retreating, is to lay waste the land. Everywhere, therefore, within his rule the Chinese are forsaking Buddhism for the Tae-ping creed-that is, for a faith which, wild in dogma and wretchedly corrupt in practice, still appeals to the Scripture as the supreme test. All images are at one broken up; Sunday kept as a day of worship; spirits, tobacco, and opium prohibited; and a new system of ethics, rather political than moral, strenuously encouraged. Thus idleness is prohibited as a crime, the rich being compelled to work six hours per day. All kinds of institutions for the poor are commanded,

MR. HAVET.-The population assigned to France Information on Common Objects, for the Use of Schools, and bribery is denounced as one of the gravest

by Mr. Arnold, is, as you will see by referring to the Article, that of" the last census." Both the

population and the number of departments have been, as you say, increased by the annexation of Savoy and Nice-the population being now 40 millions, and the number of departments 89; but this does not affect the accuracy of Mr. Arnold's Report, laid before the Royal Commis. sioners, which was perfectly correct at the time it was written. We thank you for drawing our

attention to the subject. MR. DRACH.-Your table of the French verb is ingenious, and we think calculated to be useful, but we regret that the demands on our space

leave us no room for its insertion.

J. W. BRADLEY.-The subject of your letter has
already engaged our attention; we shall endeavour
to find room for it in our next.
EXONIENSIS.-Your paper is in type, and will ap-
pear in an early number.

[ERRATUM. In the note to the Oxford Class Lists, in our last Number, the words, "at the Exeter Centre," were inadvertently omitted after the words "of the twenty successful Seniors." The table of failures refers to the " Preliminary" Examination only.]

5th edit., fcap. Svo.

Lessons on the Phenomena of Industrial Life, ed. by R.

Dawes, M.A., 3rd ed., fcap. 8vo.

Ross (Robt.) Outlines of English History for Junior Classes,
3rd edit., revised, fcap. 8vo.
Steinmetz (H.) German School, Part 1, First Reading-Book,
12mo, red.

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of offences. These principles are strictly carried out, and the practices denounced, including smoking, have, as tolerated practices, really ceased. Above all, the Tae-pings are enjoined to respect foreigners as persons whose creed has the same origin as their own, and a distinct decree has been issued giving all missionaries leave to preach wherever the new Emperor's authority extends. It may serve as a guide to some of our readers, if we mention that the absurd titles, Faithful King, Literary King, Shield King, &c., are the titles of ministers and privy councillors. The "Celestial King," Tae-ping, is the only sovereign, and as absolute as the early Caliphs he so closely resembles.

THE TAE-PINGS.-According to the all-butunanimous opinion of the latest travellers, some of whom have lived weeks with their leaders, Tae--Spectator. ping is a Chinese Mahomet. Educated by mis- HEAD BOYS.-The head of a public school is sionaries, this man resolved to profligate a faith generally a very conceited young man, utterly based upon the Bible, and mixing just such dogmas ignorant of his own dimensions, and losing all of Christianity as an exaggerated literalness would that habit of conciliation towards others, and that suggest, with a system of corrupted Jewish ethics. anxiety for self-improvement, which result from To make his task the easier, he gave out that he the natural modesty of youth. Nor is this conceit himself was divinely inspired, and, of course, like very easily and speedily gotten rid of:-we have all really capable religious imposters, he soon seen (if we mistake not) public school importance His faith lasting through the half of after-life, strutting in spread, as new faiths do spread in the East, and lawn, swelling in ermine, and displaying itself, in a short time he found himself able to commence both ridiculously and offensively, in the haunts operations against the mandarins. Of course, as and business of bearded men.—Sidney Smith.

attracted followers to his standard.

COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS.-AGENCY DEPARTMENT.

ADDRESS, 42, QUEEN SQUARE, BLOOMSBURY, W.C.

REGULATIONS.

1. Applicants for vacant situations must send to the Secretary a statement of their qualifications, two copies of their testimonials, the names and addresses of heir employers, if any, during the preceding three years, the salaries required, and their own addresses. The fee for insertion in the Register is one shilling. 2. The fee to be paid by any person not a Member of the College, on obtaining employment, is two-and-a-half per cent. on a year's salary. The fee payable for fembers is ten shillings only. In both cases half-a-crown additional is charged for postages.

3. The requirements of Principals of Schools, Members of the College, are inserted in another Register on payment of one shilling: the fee to non. Members is alf-a-crown. These fees cover all charges for correspondence, which will, if required, be undertaken by the Agency Department, and for Advertisements. 4. Every facility is afforded for interviews between Principals and Assistants at the College Offices. **All communications must be addressed to the Secretary, 42, Queen Square, W.C.

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No. in

Register

College of Precetors.-Agency Department continued.

Qualifications.

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amptonshire.

Salary 401. In North

665. Junior Classics, and English Subjects. Salary 401. In Worcester. 666. Junior Mathematics, English Subjects, and Drawing. Salary from 20l. to 30l. Age about 23. In Herts.

667. Junior English, with Elementary French. Salary 251. Near Bristol.. 668. Private Tutor, to teach Classics, Elementary Mathematics, and English. Salary 601.

669. Classics and Mathematics. Salary 60l. to 70l. Near Manchester. 670. (i.) Latin, and Junior Mathematics. Salary 401.

(ii) English Subjects, Arithmetic, Writing, &c. Salary 301. In Hants. 671. English Subjects, and Writing. Salary from 251. to 30l. Near Bristol. 673. English Subjects, Arithmetic, and French. Salary 40%, resident. No duty, there being no boarders. In Durham. 674. Mathematical Master.

1007., resident. In Hants.

Must be a graduate of Cambridge.

Salary

675. Classics and thorough French. Salary 701., resident. In Scotland. 676. French. Salary 201. In Essex.

677. Articled Pupil, or Junior Assistant. In Somerset.

ASSISTANT MASTERS REQUIRING
ENCACEMENTS.

451. Visiting Teacher of French, Mathematics, and Writing.

559. English, Music, Drawing, and Painting. As Morning Governess in a School or Family. Age 21. Salary 401., non-resident.

647. German and French. As Visiting Master.

649. Classies, Mathematics, and English subjects. Private pupils. 672. Mathematics, Classics, French, and Geometrical Drawing. Graduate in Mathematical Honours of T. C. D. Age 33.

684. High Mathematics, pure and mixed, French, German, Chemistry, and Drilling. Age 28. Educated at St. Cyr. Visiting or non-resident Master. 724. French. B.A. of the University of Paris. Age 31. As Visiting Master. 740. French, Drawing, Fortification, Mathematics, Surveying, Painting in Water Colours. Salary 1007. resident, non-resident preferred. 757. Landscape and Figure Drawing, Painting in Oil and Water Colours, Fortification and descriptive Geometry. As Visiting Master. 769. German, French, Spanish, Latin, and Drawing. As Visiting Master. 774. Music, French and English Subjects. A Lady. Age 18. Salary 251. 785. Classics, Prose and Verse Composition, Mathematics, Mechanics, Hydrostatics, English, French, and Italian. As Visiting Master. 796. English and Gernian thoroughly; the rudiments of French and Music. A Lady. Age 21. Salary 251. to 301.

812. French and German. A Lady. As Visiting Governess. 824. Classics and Mathematics. Private Pupils.

828. Music, French, German, English, and Elementary Drawing. A Lady. Age 28. Salary 501.

830. English, Junior Mathematics, Book-keeping, and Land-Surveying. Age 35. Salary 50l. to 70l.

837. English, Arithmetic, Elementary French, and Music. A Lady. Age 18. Salary 15 to 20 Guineas.

841. Mathematics, including the Calculus, Junior Classics, French and German, with English Subjects. Age 44. Salary 607.

849. Classics, Mathematics, and Surveying. Non-resident or Visiting Master. Age 29.

852. English, Italian, French and German, Harp, Piano, and Singing. A Lady. Age 30. Salary 1007.

871. English, French, German, Rudiments of Music. A Lady. Age 21. Salary 201.

881. High Mathematics, including the Calculus. Age 23. Private lessons 5s. per hour.

882. Classics, Junior Mathematics, Book-keeping, English Subjects. Age 42. 896. English Subjects, French and German, acquired on the Continent, Junior Piano. A Lady. Age 17. Salary 301.

904. French, German, Classics, and Mathematics. Age 39. B.A. of Paris. Non-resident.

905. English, French, and Classics. Age 21. As Visiting Master. 906. French, Rudiments of German, and English. Age 19. Master.

As Visiting

908. German, French, Latin, Geography, History, and the rudiments of the Sclavonic Languages. Age 36. Salary from 40l. to 607.

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909. Classics, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, English and French. M.A. of Aberdeen with Classical Honours. Age 20. Salary 501. 915. German, French, Classics, Mathematics, Drawing and Music. A German. Age 23. Salary not an object.

918. German, Classics, Mathematics, and Junior French. Age 21. Salary 401. 922. Highest Mathematics, with French. A Wrangler. Age 24. 923. English, Middle Mathematics, Drawing, French, and Latin. Salary 60. 928. English Subjects thoroughly, Book-keeping, Mechanics, Chemistry, Drawing, and Elementary Classics. Age 23. Salary 607. resident, 100 non-resident.

929. German, French, Italian, Classics, Music, and the Natural Sciences." Age 26. Salary 150l., non-resident.

930. French, German, Latin, and Elementary Greek. Age 40. Salary 601. 1 to 807.

932. French, German, and English Subjects. Age 26. Salary 501. 933. French, Gymnastics, and Drilling. Salary 401. Resident, or as nonresident or Visiting Master.

934. English subjects, Writing, Arithmetic, Book-keeping, Land-surveying. Age 35. Salary 527. resident, or 807. non-resident.

936. French, Classics, and Linear Drawing. Age 27. Salary 201. 937. Elementary Latin and French, with English subjects. Salary 167.

Age 19. 940. French, Elements of German, Drawing, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Classics. Age 35. B.A. of Paris. Salary from 351. to 401. 941. Classics and Junior Mathematics. Age 23. B.A. of Durham. Salary 601. 942. French, German, and Elements of Italian and Latin. Visiting Master. 943. Classics, Junior Mathematics, and the Rudiments of French. B.A. Camb. Age 22. Salary 701.

944. Natural and Experimental Sciences, Mathematics, German, and Drawing. A German Graduate. Age 33. As Visiting Master.

945. French and Italian, Classics and Mathematics. Age 37. Dr. of Laws of the Univ. of Paris. Salary 1007.

946. The highest Classics and Mathematics. Salary 1007.

947. French, Junior Mathematics, Classics, English, and the Rudiments of German and Italian. Age 24. Non-resident. For Christmas. 948. German, Italian, Drawing, Etching, Painting, and Music. A Lady. Private Lessons.

949. High Classics, Prose and Verse Composition, English, and Junior Mathematics. A Clergyman, M.A. of Christ Church, Oxford. Age 26. Salary 1007. resident, 1307. non-resident.

950. German, French, Classics, Mathematics, Gymnastics, and Music. A German. Age 32. Salary from 40l. to 50l.

951. Mathmatics, Classics, and English. A Clergyman, M.A. Cambridge. Age 31. Salary 1007. resident, 1507. non-resident.

954. Mathematics, Junior Classics, and English. Age 24. Salary 701. resident, or 1007. non-resident.

955. Latin, Junior Greek, German, Mathematics, English subjects, and Natural Philosophy. Age 31. Salary from 50l. to 70l.

956. Latin, Junior French and German, Drawing in all branches, with English subjects. Age 24. Salary 507.

957. Classics and Mathematics, Rudiments of French, and English subjects. Age 15. Either as Junior Master or as Articled Pupil.

958. Mathematics and Junior Classics. 1207. resident, or as non-resident

master.

959. Mathematics and Junior Classics. Age 23. Salary 60l. to 70l. For Christmas.

960. French, German, Mathematics, Fortification, History, Geography, &c. Age 37. As Visiting Master.

961. English, Writing, plain and ornamental, Arithmetic, Mensuration, French, and Book-keeping. Age 33. Salary 30l. to 351. 962. French. A Parisian. Age 20. Salary 301.

963. English, French, Mathematics, and Drawing. Age 35. Salary from

50l. to 601.

964. Latin, French, Junior Mathematics, and English subjects. Age 18. Salary 201.

965. Classics, Junior Mathematics, French, and English. Age 25. Salary 801. 967. Classics, Junior Mathematics, and English subjects. Age 20. Salary 251. to 301.

968. Classics, prose and verse composition, and Mathematics. B.A. Camb. Salary 601.

Age 28.

969. French, English, and Junior Latin. Age 43. Salary 251. 970. English, French, German, the Rudiments of Italian, Piano-forte and Singing. A Lady. Age 34. Salary 401.

971. Mathematics, Junior Classics, Chemistry, Botany, and Junior French. An Undergraduate of London. Age 25. Salary 40l. to 50l.

972. Writing, Drawing, Arithmetic, Euclid, Book-keeping, Land-surveying English subjects, and Junior Latin. Age 27. Salary 601.

973. Mathematics, Junior Latin, and English subjects. Age 22. Salary 30 974. English, Writing, Book-keeping, and Land-surveying. Age 46. Salary 407.

Printed and Published by CHARLES FRANCIS HODGSON, 1, Gough Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and sold by W. Aylott and Son, 8, Paternoster Row; and W. Wesley 2, Queen's Head Passage, Paternoster Row. OCTOBER 1, 1861.

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DEAN-The Rev. G. A. Jacob, D.D., Worcester College, Oxford; Head Master of Christ's Hospital.
MODERATOR FOR CLASSICS-Wm. Smith, Esq., LL.D., Classical Examiner in the University of London.

MODERATOR FOR MATHEMATICS-The Rev. C. Pritchard, M.A., F.R.S.; late Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge.

MODERATOR FOR SCIENCE AND ART-Dr. L. Playfair, C.B., F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry in the University of Edinburgh, late Inspector-General of the

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF EDUCATION

CLASSICS

MATHEMATICS...............

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND ASTRONOMY

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EXAMINERS.

Department of Science and Art,

Rev. W. Rogers, M.A., Incub. St. Thomas, Charterhouse,

Chaplain to the Queen.

Rev. J. Selby Watson, M.A., F.C.P., M.R.S.L. Joseph Payne, Esq., F.C.P.

Dr. H. S. Turrell, F.C.P.

Rev. G. A. Jacob, D.D., F.C.P., Worcester College, Oxford.
C. S. Townshend, Esq., M.A., Fellow of Jesus Coll., Camb.
Rev. J. Selby Watson, M.A., F.C.P., M.R.S.L.
J. Wingfield, Esq., B.A., Christ's Hospital.
John Robson, Esq., B.A. Lond., Barrister-at-Law.
Rev. C. Pritchard, M.A., F.R.S., St. John's College, Camb.
W. Lethbridge, Esq., M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge.
Rev. R. H. Wright, M.A., Ashford Grammar School.
Rev. W. C. Izard, M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge.
Rev. T. J. Potter, M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge.
Rev. J. H. Stevens, M.A., Magdalen College, Cambridge.
Rev. C. Pritchard, M.A., F.R.S., St. John's College, Camb.
W. J. Reynolds, Esq., M.A., Queens' College, Cambridge.
Rev. S. Newth, M.A., New College, London.

ENGINEERING AND FOR- W. J. Reynolds, Esq., M.A., Queens' College, Cambridge.
TIFICATION

FRENCH.

GERMAN.....

ITALIAN.....

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE...............

T. Kimber, Esq., M.A. Lond., L.C.P.

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The College of Preceptors was incorporated in 1849, by Royal Charter, "for the Varpuse of promoting sound learning and of advancing the interests of Education, are especially among the middle classes." The principal means employed to secure These objects are: 1st. The periodical examination of teachers and of pupils. 2nd. The onion of teachers of every class in a corporate body, so that they may have a Prognized position on a par with that enjoyed by the other learned professions. 3rd. The making of provision for the families of deceased, aged, and poor members. 4th. The providing of a medium of communication between Principals of Schools and Asistants of good character and attainments. 5th. The periodical bringing together teachers for the discussion of subjects in which the scholastic profession is i rested.

The annual subscription is One Guinea. There is no entrance fee. A single payment of Ten Guineas confers the privilege of Life Membership.

All persons engaged in education are admissible as Members of the Corporation; d persons desirous of joining it, or of promoting its objects, may, on application to The Secretary, obtain all necessary information, together with copies of the Bye-Laws, and of the Regulations respecting the Examinations of Candidates for the College Diplomas, and of the Pupils of Schools in Union with the College.

HEBREW AND ORIENTAL S

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EXAMINERS.

Dr. L. Loewe, M.R.A.S., late Principal of the Jews' College, London.

Rev. R. Wilson, D.D., St. John's College, Cambridge.
K. Kalisch, Ph.D., Berlin.

Rev. W. T. Jones, M.A., F.C.P., Queens' Coll., Cambridge.
C. P. Mason, Esq., B.A., Fellow of Univ. College, London.
Dr. C. H. Pinches, F.C.P., F.R.A.S.

H. F. Bowker, Esq., Christ's Hospital.

Rev. R. Wilson, D.D., F.C.P., St. John's Coll., Cambridge. Rev. W. T. Jones, M.A., F.C.P., Queens' Coll., Cambridge. Rev. P. Smith, B.A. Lond.

Rev. W. F. Greenfield, M.A., Dulwich College.

Dr. Lankester, F.R.S., F.L.S, etc., New College, London. Professor Tennant, F.G.S., F.R.G.S., King's Coll., London. (A. K. Isbister, Esq., M.A., University of Edinburgh.

W. McLeod, Esq., F.R.G.S., Royal Mil. Asylum, Chelsea. W. Hughes, Esq., F.R.G.S., King's College, London.

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Professor Miller, M.D., F.R.S., King's College, London. W. Odling, Esq., M.B. Lond., F.R.S.

J. P. Bidlake, Esq., B.A. Lond., F.C.P., F.C.S.

J. C. Buckmaster, Esq., South Kensington Museum. Professor Hoppus, LL.D., F.R.S., Univ. College, London. T. S. Baynes, Esq., LL.D., Examiner in Univ. of London. Professor Leoni Levi, King's College.

T. B. O'Feily, Esq., LL.B., Queens' University, Ireland. J. Haddon, Esq., M.A., King's College, London.

H.A. Bowler, Esq., Art Inspector, S. Kensington Museum. J.L. Kenworthy, Esq.,L.C.P.,F.R.A.S., R.Mil. Asyl. Chelsea. H. Hagreen, Esq., Dep. of Art, South Kensington Museum, J. C. Ogle, Esq., West Brompton.

T. C. Dibden, Esq., Banstead.

E. F. Rimbault, LL.D., F.S.A.

J. Hullah, Esq.

Dr. Steggall.

H. T. Leftwich, Esq., M.R.A.M.

The Charter empowers the College to hold Examinations and to grant Diplomas and Certificates of Proficiency to such persons of both sexes as have passed the Examinations satisfactorily.

The Examinations of Pupils are held twice in each year, beginning on the third Monday in May, and on the third Monday in November. The First Class Certificates of the College are recognized by the General Medical Council as guarantees of good general education, and by the Royal College of Surgeons of England as exempting their possessors from the preliminary literary examination recently instituted by that body, the conducting of which has been entrusted to the Board of Examiners of the College of Preceptors. The Pharmaceutical Society also recognizes in a similar way all the College Certificates the holders of which have passed the Examination in Latin. The Examinations for the College Diplomas also take place twice a-year, in the Midsummer and in the Christmas Vacations. These examinations are arranged with special reference to the requirements and circumstances of School-Assistants; and one of their distinctive features is, that the theory and practice of education is included in them as a leading and indispensable subject.

Monthly Meetings of the Members are held for the reading and discussion of Papers on educational subjects.

JOHN ROBSON, B.A., Secretary.

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MACMILLAN AND CO.'S

NEW CLASS BOOK FOR COLLEGES AND
SCHOOLS.

This day is published, crown 8vo, price 7s. 6d.,
N

XFORD LOCAL EXAMINATIONS. ANTHE THEORY OF EQUATIONS, with a Collec
OXFORD ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON
The REGULATIONS FOR THE EXAMINA-
TIONS to be held in London in 1802 may be had by
applying to
E. E. PINCHES, B.A.,
Secretary to the London Committee.
Clarendon House, Kennington Road, S.

A LADY, who has given up Housekeep

ing, wishes to obtain a Situation of Trust in a Gentleman's School (sea-side preferred), where she could introduce TWO PUPILS, for whom a sound education, liberal board, and separate beds would be required. Terms to be moderate and inclusive. The advertiser is willing to make herself kindly useful; but no menial duties will be undertaken. Salary about £30. Address, enclosing prospectus, to A. A., Hiscoke's Library, Richmond, S.W.

TO TEACHERS.-Mr. EDWIN ADAMS,

Expositor," &c. &c., has just prepared for the press a work bearing the title GEOGRAPHY CLASSIFIED, (about 400 pp.), to be published at, to subscribers, 4s., and, to non-subscribers, 5s. The names and addresses (not, in the first instance, remittances) of the former should be early sent to Edwin Adams, Esq., Grammar School, Chelmsford, Essex.

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Just Published, cloth, lettered,

Fifth Edition, price 1s.,

HE TRUE CROSS: A Narrative as Profitable to Protestants as to Roman Catholics, By the Rev. C. MALAN, D.D.

London: NISBET and Co., Berners Street.

Third Edition, just published, neatly bound in cloth,
price 3s. 6d.,

THE
THE PROTESTANT'S ARMOUR: A
Compendium of the Christian Religion, to which
is added an Historical Supplement upon the Origin of
the Universe. By Mrs. E. C. DEVEY.
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FOR THEOLOGICAL STUDENTS.
tion of Examples. By I. TODHUNTER, M.A., Fellow and
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OTES ON THE EPISTLE TO THE
Cambridge.
HEBREWS, with Analysis and Brief Paraphrase.
MACMILLAN and Co., Cambridge; and 23, Henrietta Dedicated, by permission, to the Lord Bishop of Oxford,
Street, Covent Garden, London.
By the Rev. E. H. KNOWLES, late Michel Fellow of
Queen's College, Oxford.

Principal Mathematical Lecturer of St. John's College, No

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RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place, London.

ALFORD'S GREEK TESTAMENT,
WITH ENGLISH NOTES.

THE GREEK TESTAMENT; with a

critically revised Text; a Digest of Various Readings: Marginal References to Verbal and Idiomatie Usage: Prolegomena: and a copious Critical and Exegeti cal Commentary in English. For the Use of Theological Students and Ministers.

Vol. I.-THE FOUR GOSPELS. Fourth Edition. 2. Vol. II.-ACTS to II. CORINTHIANS. Fourth Edition. 24. Vol. III-GALATIANS to PHILEMON, Third Edition. (In the press) Vol. IV., Part I.-HEBREWS to II. PETER. Second Edition. 18s.

EXAMPLES IN ALGEBRA FOR V

JUNIOR CLASSES.

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EXAMPLESASSEN, COmprising numerous gra

duated Examples, with the Examination Papers.
Parts I.-VI., 1s, each,

Vol. IV., Part II.-I. JOHN to REVELATIONS. Second
Edition. 14s.

By HENRY ALFORD, D.D., Dean of Canterbury.
RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place, London; and
DEIGHTON, BELL, and Co., Cambridge.

Just published, price 3s. 6d., bound in cloth,

THE KEY; containing Complete Solu-
for Senior Classes,
tions to the Questions in the Examples in Algebra FLEURY'S HISTOIRE DE FRANCE.

C. F. HODGSON, 1, Gough Square, Fleet Street.

In 12 Numbers, price 1s. each,

HE NEW SPEAKER; with an Essay FIRST LESSONS IN

THE

on Elocution.

SAUNDERS, OTLEY, and Co.,

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DRAWING

AND DESIGN; or, Pencilled Copies and Easy
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CONTENTS:-No. 1. Straight Lines and Combinations
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Edited for the Use of English Pupils, with Grammatical Notes. By AUGUSTE BELJAME. WILLIAMS and NORGATE, London and Edinburgh.

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POPULAR SCHOOL BOOKS, published Curves No. 4. Outlines of Familiar Objects;-No. 5. on a system of Analysis and Synthesis: with Latiff, a

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LATIN READING LESSONS, with complete Vocabularies. Intended to be an Introduction to Caesar. 12mo, 2s. 6d., cloth.

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by L. HACHETTE & Co., 18, King William St., Strand. Shaded Figures;-No. 6. Introduction to Perspective; ing Lessons and copious Vocabularies. Fourth Edition, Charles XII............................................................ .......... 1s. 6d. No. 7. Trees;-No 8. Human Figure;-No. 9. Animals and revised, small 8vo, pp. 288, price 4s. 6d. cloth, boards. ................ 1s. 3d. Rustic Figures;-No. 10. Ornament;-No. 11 Flowers;Louis XIV. .......................... 2s. 6d. No. 12. Maps. Noel and Chapsal's French Grammar............... 1s. 6d. The Series embraces a complete course of Elementary 1s. 6d. Drawing, consisting of appropriate and carefully graCaesar with Latin Notes ................ 18. 6d. duated Copies, advancing from the simple stroke to the Horace with Latin Notes Virgil with Latin Notes most difficult outline, printed in pencil-coloured ink, to Chapsal's Models of French Literature, Prose... 3s. Od. have been so simplified, as to render the art of Drawing 25. Od. be first drawn over, and then imitated. The Exercises The Same, Poetry. 3s. Od. as easy of attainment as that of Writing. As soon as .... 1s. 6d. children are able to write, they are also able to draw. All strongly bound in boards. And for the purpose of carly training, in order that their Hachette's Educational Catalogue. ideas of Form may become correct, and the eye and hand Catalogues Catalogue of General French Literature. acquire the habit of working in unison without effort, it supplied Catalogue alphabetically arranged with is confidently believed that no Series of Drawing Books SECOND GREEK BOOK, being Parts II.— exists which can compare with the present. The results by post on/ Authors' names and their several works. receipt of of training in the numerous Schools and Families where of the Constructive Greek Exercises. Pp. 268, 12 a postage the books have been employed, will fully justify this 4s. 6d. cloth. stamp. WALTON & MABERLY, 28, Upper Gower Street; and 27, Ivy Lane.

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CONTENTS.

llege of Preceptors:-Eighth Evening Meeting-Paper on The Teaching of the Classics," by J. Robson, Esq.

Page

171

ir J. Shaw Lefevre's Address before the National Society for the Promotion of Science .................. 175 The Mathematics and the Physical Sciences as Topics of Education 179

eviews, Notices, &c.

Monthly Record of Science and Art....
L'oreign and Colonial Notes

civersity Intelligence.......................................... Mathematics

The New Law of Bankruptcy

The Educational Times.

COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS.

EIGHTH EVENING MEETING.

191

THIS Meeting took place on Wednesday, the 10th of September, when Joseph Payne, Esq., F.C.P., of Leatherhead, was voted into the Chair, and at once called upon Mr. ROBSON to read his paper on

THE TEACHING OF THE CLASSICS. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,-The subject on which I have undertaken to make a few observations this evening is one of considerable importance, since the study of Latin and Greek cecupies a large, not to say an excessive, part of the time of the pupils in many schools; and enters more or less into the education of most of those who are entrusted to the teachers of

years.

theory from practice: boys were, and are, identical, so that they may readily be learnt at occupied entire years in endeavouring, by con- the same time. stant and parrot-like repetition, to commit to In this way the pupil should gradually be memory the Latin or Greek grammar, with-made familiar with the whole of the "Acciout ever getting a glimpse of the practical dence," and be furnished with explanations of application of their painfully acquired and the principal rules of Syntax also as the neceseasily lost learning. No one who is ac-sity for them may arise. quainted with even the elements of mental While the student is thus learning the gramThe Agricultural Schools of Ireland................... 180 science, and duly applies his knowledge, could mar by means of writing exercises, and is at Lerd Palmerston on "Cramming" .......................... 181 possibly expect such a plan to be successful; the same time becoming acquainted with the Oxford Local Examinations................................... 181 its actual result usually is, that scarcely one meaning of the most important words in the 181 boy in a hundred of those who have learnt language, translation from Latin or Greek into lucational and Literary Summary of the Month ...... 184 what is called the Accidence, has any but English ought to be practised with equal care .............185 imperfect and confused notions about the im- and regularity. Without this, it will be found ................ 186 port of the various inflections. IIence it is a that little has been done to prepare him for the .................. 187 common occurrence to find boys who have in reading of the classical authors, which should ........... 188 this way laboured through the Latin grammar, be the principal object kept in view, at all College of Preceptors:-Meeting of Council, &c........... 190 and profess to know the Accidence, making events in most private schools. By means of Answers to Correspondents ........................... 191 the strangest blunders when they begin to read a properly-arranged series of "reading-lesa Latin author, or to translate a simple sen- sons" corresponding to the "exercises," the tence into Latin; thus displaying their igno- pupil may, from the commencement of the rance, for all practical purposes, of those very study, be provided with materials for translagrammatical facts, in attempting to learn tion into English, and thus be almost insenwhich they have probably spent two or three sibly prepared to begin the reading of such an author as Caesar or Xenophon, with ease and The first thing, then, to be done in order to advantage, and without the intervention of a improve the method of elementary classical heterogeneous collection of extracts called a instruction, is to abandon the attempt to make Delectus-a kind of school-book which is, I beginners master the inflections of words in the hope, gradually going out of use, and will in abstract and general way adopted in gram- time become extinct. mars. Each inflection should be presented At this stage, the advantages of such a plan separately; its various modifications and its as that which I have rapidly sketched become exact meaning ought to be pointed out; and very apparent. The difficulties usually expethen the knowledge so communicated should rienced in commencing the reading of authors sufficient number of illustrative sentences in ing of a few unconnected words in their progress be brought into practical use by means of a by those who have merely picked up the meanthrough the grammar, are great and discouEnglish and in Latin. A great defect in many elementary exercise raging. The labour of turning to a dictionary for nearly every word that occurs is most books is, that they are composed of single wearisome; and the pupil, not being able to words, or of unconnected phrases. This plan renders the study extremely uninteresting, and form beforehand a general notion of the meanprecludes the student from thoroughly under-ing of the sentences, has no clue to guide him in standing what he is doing, since the real im- selecting from the numerous significations freport of inflections cannot be shown except in quently assigned to words, those which the conare entertained respecting the advantages to be the first, to consist of simple but complete pro-struction which I am advocating makes him most ludicrous mistakes. The method of inYou are aware that widely different opinions sentences. Hence the exercises ought, from text requires, so that he is apt to commit the derived from this study; some persons main- positions, composed of words illustrative of the taluing that they are so great as to justify rules under consideration, and the translation acquainted with a large proportion of the words in common use; and by unfolding to him, in Limost exclusive attention to it on the part of of which into Latin or Greek by the pupil the way to be presently explained, the principles the young; while others regard them as alto- would require him to apply one or more rules of derivation and composition, it renders him gether problematical or non-existent, and ac- explaining how certain cases, persons, tenses, independent, to a considerable extent, of the aid cordingly denounce classical studies as little &c., are formed. of dictionaries, even in reference to words which Now as every sentence, even the most simple, he may never have seen before. This is an must contain a nominative and a verb, the first advantage, the value of which can scarcely be rule should relate to some forms of nominatives overrated; for the early use of dictionaries is and of verbs. This may appear likely to occa- very great hindrance to the young student sion confusion; but closer examination will of language. show that such an apprehension is unfounded. One of the most remarkable characteristics It is true that in grammars the inflections of of Latin and Greek, and indeed of all those nouns and of verbs are explained separately; and languages which used to be called Indo-GerMy decided belief is, that the cause of this boys are expected to be perfectly acquainted manic, but which are now frequently designated tate of things, and of the unfavourable opinion with the "declensions" before they pass to the the Aryan, is that they consist of a comparaf classical studies entertained by many en"conjugations." But although in a systehtened men, is the fundamentally bad and matic arrangement of the forms of words such rroneous manner in which those studies are separation of nouns from verbs is useful, nay mally conducted, especially in the elementary unavoidable, it by no means follows that in Rages; and my chief object this evening is to studying a language all the inflections of subve an outline of a method of teaching Latin stantives ought to be learnt before those of Pd (ireek which I believe to be free from the verbs are explained. There is no such logical Mjections which attach to the ordinary plan, connection between these parts of the grammar ad the general adoption of which would, I as that which exists between the propositions of dd convinced, tend powerfully to revive and geometry, and which requires that they should xtend the study of the Classics, and would, be studied one after the other. it the same time, exercise and develope the In like manner, the usual separation of adjec- This analytical method of study, however, her faculties of the mind-an object which tives from substantives is quite unreasonable. cannot be pursued satisfactorily, unless it be ald never be lost sight of by teachers. Adjectives being mere complements of sub-done thoroughly; half measures are sure to The great error of the method till recently stantives, their use and the signification of lead to inconsistency and confusion. Analysis di but universally adopted in the teaching of their various forms cannot be understood unless must, therefore, be applied to every word and te Classics, and still far too extensively pur- they are employed together. Besides, the in-form of word that is capable of being so ued, is, that it almost entirely separates flections of the two classes of words are almost treated, and the elements of which are known.

the middle classes.

better than utter waste of time.

Having myself devoted a considerable portion of my life to such studies, I can hardly be xpected to concur in the latter opinion; I must at the same time admit that great counenance is afforded to it by the frequently unatisfactory character of the results of so-called lassical education.

a

tively small number of elements, the various combinations of which constitute their several vocabularies. The meaning of these elements, and the laws which regulate their combinations and determine their mutual effects, are, therefore, among the first points to which the student's attention should be directed; for these being known, he has obtained possession of the means which will enable him with comparative case to acquire a complete knowledge of any given language.

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