China was an English colony. He knew not that [In all forming a total of 266,237,525 pieces of silver we were a sea-girt isle, nor that we possessed other money. The coinage of crowns, half-crowns, and traded with Barcelona. He was equally curious it is more than doubtful whether any more of either ships than those petty merchant vessels which fourpences has been suspended for many years, and and informed touching our literary institutions. denomination of coin will ever again be struck at He knew that our sovereign was by title Empress, the Royal Mint.

of Andorre. But of an Indian Empire or a free that of copper, and drawing upon the same unim. and that we possessed great landowners like those Coming now to the inferior metallic currency, Parliament he had never heard; nor had Lords peachable sources of information, we find that there and Commons made themselves known between are no less than five hundred millions of pence, half

unknown.

HOW MUCH MONEY THERE IS IN THE

COUNTRY.

16,119 136,071,897 26,092,903

a

rival. If six thousand tons of the "mixed metal" be converted into pence, halfpence, and farthings, of 48, 80, and 160 to the pound weight, the propor tions of the new money-instead of coins weighing 24, 48, and 96 to the 1lb., the proportions of the old-why it is evident that the public will get nearly double the number of coins, or a current value from the same weight of metal of two-and-a-half millions of pounds sterling, instead of one million and a quarter sterling.

From these statistics we deduce the fact that the grand total number of coins of gold, silver, copper, and bronze, now in circulation throughout the British Isles, leaving the colonies out of the question, is undoubtedly not much less than nine hundred millions-or almost one coin to each inhabitant of the globe.-Mechanics' Magazine.

A granite column, with suitable inscriptions, has been erected, at the expense of M. de Caumont, at Dives, in Normandy, for the purpose of commemorating the fact that William the Conqueror's army and fleet assembled at that port, in 1066, before sailing for the conquest of England.

A PRIMITIVE STATE. (From the Edinburgh Review.) Andorre is a little state still holding the independence it derived from Charlemagne, too poor in modern times to provoke annexation, yet too hardy to have been subdued by its medieval neighbours, f ,firm and free amid every external change; with a constitution older by four centuries than Magna Charta, yet still subsisting, almost unaltered, six centuries after Magna Charta had become the basis of our those ridges of the Pyrenees. But one English pence, and farthings doing active duty amongst us laws; where even Metternich would have been deemed a revolutionist and Ricardo have been name vaguely dwelt in proud individuality in An- Their total current value reaches to a million and certainly denounced as an impostor; the last people dorre, and on that name the whole interest of the quarter sterling, and their weight avoirdupois is in Europe to profit by the intelligence which republican functionary was fixed. "Je n'ai jamais six thousand tons! Christianity carries in its train, yet among the entendu," he demanded at length, "ni de votre Of the new bronze money there have been issued first champions of Christendom against the Moorish chambre des pairs, ni de votre chambre des dé- several hundred tons, or perhaps twenty millions power; a people with whom the peaceful spirit of putés: mais qui est ce grand homme Pal-mèr-of coins, and in time the entire copper coinage, Arcadia breathes amid the military laws of Ly-ston ?" Here was certainly triumph of individual battered, worn, unsightly, and heavy, as it is, will curgus, a race of shepherds and farmers all trained over collective and even traditionary fame. The be superseded by its more graceful and convenient to arms, with a history unknown to Europe, though name of Lord Palmerston had been heard by the it nevertheless cherishes the memory of its Mor- chief of an independent government to whom the gartens and its Tells; a state more ignorant of the two most illustrious assemblies of Europe were arts than the Valais, yet not less jealous of spiritual encroachment than Geneva; its valleys among the most fertile even of the south, yet approached only over mountains snow-clad in mid-autunın; a people whose Doges are peasants and whose Rothschilds As so much interest exists at present in regard are pedlars; possessing the choicest Latin manu- to the coinage of the British Empire, we have been scripts of the ninth century, yet disdaining the at some pains in obtaining reliable data as to the innovation of a printing-press even in the nine- quantity of gold, silver, copper, and bronze coin at teenth; a republic without a road, without a navi-present in circulation throughout Great Britain gable stream, and nearly without a house; where and Ireland. The facts and figures resulting from railways and telegraphs would be classed only with our inquiries it is our purpose now to give to our the griffin and the genius which the valour of its readers. In 1816-17, a complete recoinage of the ancestors had driven out-such, in few words, silver currency of the United Kingdom took place, are the salient characteristics of the little people of and as most of the gold coins of a date anterior to whom we write. Andorre is a republic isolated by that period have become of light weight, and found mountains on every frontier, included neither in their way back to the crucibles of the Royal Mint, France nor in Spain, but intervening between the it will be well to commence our general statement two countries, and (so far as their frontier and from 1816. It appears, then, from official accounts, Government are concerned) much more ancient that there have been issued from the British Mint than either. It lies between the Pyrenees of since that year, and up to the present momentArriège and the Pyrenees of Catalonia. The Double sovereigns republic consists chiefly of three valleys, one Sovereigns of which runs parallel with, and the two others Half-sovereigns transversely to, the great ridge of mountains that By far the larger proportion of the two last-named Supreme Divinity, the creator and governor of the connect the Atlantic with the Mediterranean shore. denominations of money-double-sovereigns hav- world, the witness of their actions, and their future The Andorrian magnates are but patriarchal pea- ing long since become obsolete-were coined judge. They have no objects of worship: no sants, possessed of flocks, of herds, of lands in the during the reign of her present Majesty. The idols, no temples, no sacrifices. In short, they valleys and on the mountain sides, occasionally years 1853 and 1855, indeed, were pre-eminently have nothing whatever of the character of religion, of forges of iron; but dressed indistinguishable prolific. In the first, no less than 11,952,391. or of religious observance, to distinguish them from their humblest dependants, often labouring sterling of sovereigns and half-sovereigns were from the beasts that perish." with them in the field, and nearly as thrifty in pressed into being; and in the second year, 1855, their domestic economy. The present Syndic, in nearly 10,000,000l. sterling came forth from the The following table presents a statement of his rural life, will serve as a fair example of the Mint in the shape of gold coins. The united pro- the population, according to the census just conruling class. He was lately seen again by an ductions of these two years thus give a total equal cluded:English traveller, who revisited Andorre in search to rather more than one-seventh of the entire gold of bears and wolves and mountain scenery, coinages of the whole forty-four years in question! and primitive antiquity in modern days. The Taking into account the continual influx of light head of this venerable State was found at Canillo, gold coin to the Bank, and its subsequent transhis country seat; his threshold entered through a ference for re-coinage to the sister establishment yard, his portals guarded, not by a gendarme, but on Tower-hill, and allowing for the efflux from the by an enormous hog, his dwelling itself the first Bank of gold coin on its way to the Continent and essay, it might be thought, of Europe in domestic other parts of the world, it may be inferred that architecture, its ground-floor a store-house for the number of pieces of gold bearing the "image firewood, its floor above devoted to the provident and superscription" of royalty, and circulating in art of drying fruit of the earth for winter use, its this the year of grace 1861 among her Majesty's kitchen (in which dinner was both cooked and lieges in Great Britain and Ireland, amounts to at served) so contrived that guests and viands were smoke-dried with just equality, its cabinet of state a balcony overlooking the glen below. The Syndic himself Don Gil Areny by name-with all his plainness and simplicity, possessed something of Of the silver coinage of the realm, it results from what Lord Carlisle would call " very distinguished manners." There was a calmness and dignity the testimony of official documents, and from eviabout him not unlike the manner of the Turk, dence adduced by Dr. Graham, F. R.S., Master of which is often referred to a long habit of national the Mint, before the Decimal Coinage Commisindependence. He could read Latin in print and sioners, that there are also in circulation among manuscript, and he was acquainted with the in- the subjects of the Queen, of-tricate contractions of the different periods over Crown's which the public charters extended. He could Half-crowns. also talk French, though with a strong Catalonian Florins. accent, which sounded every final vowel. But of Shillings things external to the republic his knowledge was Sixpences assuredly not extensive. He was conversant Fourpences enough with politics and events, to inquire whether Threepences. the Russian war was yet concluded, and whether

least one hundred millions! Taking the population
of the islands to be 30,000,000, it is clear that,
equally distributed, the gold coinage would be of
sufficient magnitude to supply every inhabitant,
young or old, with the sum of 31. 6s. 8d.

2,320,027= 464.6057. 10s. Od. 37,516,3434,689,5427. 17s. 6d 10,000,000 500,000l. Os. Od. 112,554,106=5,627,7057. 6s. Od. 76,132,578=1,904,4147. 9s. Od. 20,142,034 = 335,7007. 18. Od. 7,572,437= 94,9057. 9s. 3d. 13,526,273/. 12s. 9d.

"The Aborigines of Australia," Dr. Lang states in his work on Queensland,' "have no idea of a

THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.

England and
Wales
Scotland
Ireland
Islands in the
British Seas

Total of the
United
Kingdom)

Population enumerated.

1861.

1851.

Increase in Decrease |

1861.

in 1961,

787842 12

2307144) 787842 Net increase, 1,519,302, or 6 per cent.

IN JACOBUM BRAIDWOOD,
Qui dum flammis, in diro illo prope Pontem Lor
dinensem incendio, fortiter obstabat. pariete
decidente obrutus est, decimo die Kal. Jul.
An. MDCCCLXI.

I decus, I nostrum ! cingat tibi tempora laurus.
En miseri cives te moriente dolent.

In freta dum fluvii current tua facta manebunt ;]
Laudibus ipsa tuis Anglia tota sonat.
Rixantes ad amicitiam revocare solebas
Impletus vero semper amore Dei.
Audax heu nimium ! compostus pace quiescas
Ira dum veniat maximus ille dies.
Coelicolûm numero gaudens super æthera surg
Dum citet ad dextram te Pater Ipse suam.]
R. P****R.

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