*Battishill, W. J. Behrens, S. L. Blackburn, J. B. *Brown, R. A. *Calder, F. W. *Carlisle, C. S. *Clogstoun, H. F. *Collins, J. R. *Cuming, E. J. *Davenport, J. L. *Davies, W. R. *Fiddian, A. P. Foster, H. J. Foster, O. Le N. Green, C. F. Hall, J. F. Harris, J. O. *Hickes, T. H. F. *Hillary, H. Kincaid, S. B. Lakeman, T. *Lyle, T. *Massiah, F. C. Moore, II. K. Paterson, E. J.

Pearson, W. W. *Pledge, R. H. *Poppy, D. R.

10 307Sykes, A E., Tebbs, H. Turner, W. B. Yardy, C. A... Mto *Viant, E.

W. G. Lemonbroda

1843 Croom's Hill S., Blackheath.'' Rev. Dr. Goodwin.
1846 Montpellier House, Brighton. H. S. Turrello
1844 Townhead Ac., Rochdale. * J. Collier.sysho) vija Withall, F.
1846 118 Lansdown Place, Brighton A. Creak. 999ho' ́) empo
1846 Westminster and Pimlico J. H. Barber.

R. Kimber. Colle
C. P. Masob.. 295.0
J. M. D. Meiklejohna
T. B. Brown.) -'ɔnu jbl
W. Kingston.

Mr. Finlinson. I
Rev. H. Newport.

H. S. Turrell.

Rev. S. Lodge.000 30
'Rev. J. Griffith.
W. Dovel 2oh }
Rev. E. H, Gifford.
C. P. Mason. o')
O. A. Ferris...
Wilkinson, Heath,
and Munro.
Rev. H. A. Holden.

The attention of the students is requested to the following rules of the Inns of Courte, il besit

44

..

1106 1092

which he shall have obtained such certificate, provided | 62. A. Weekes, Exeter College, Oxford
that any student so presenting himself shall not suc- 63. J. H. Fisher, Harrow School
ceed in obtaining the studentship, his name shall not 64R. H. Pawsey, Ipswich Grammar School -1085
65. C. A. Kelly, Oriel College, Oxford.tim060
appear in the list.
Students who have kept more than 11 terms shall 66. H. J. Newbery, King's College, London 1055
not be admitted to an examination for the studentship.
“The different readers expect the candidates to be 67. R. Porch, Trinity College, Cambridge..
well acquainted with different books which are men-99914.
68. C. E. C. Merrington, University College ball
London
tioned."A noemit-* 9nival ..A vol 52 jem
.M.) veldbote

T

'As an inducement to students to propose them-T selves for exaulination, studentships shall be founded of fifty guineas per annum each, to continue for are CIVIL SERVICE OF INDIA! L 20851 period of three years, and one such studentship shall 190 be conferred on the most distinguished student at THE following is the result of the examination at each public examination; and further, the examiners Oxford of the selected candidates of 1800 all buona (Marks. shall select and certify the names of three other students who shall have passed the next best examina-1. J. C. Geddes, Univer. and King's Col., tions; and the Thns of Court to which such students Join:2.31/ 2055 belong may, if desired, dispense with any terms, not 2. F. Henvey, Rugby School Hobood exceeding two, that may remain to be kept by suche 3. J. S. Porter, Queen's College, Belfast students previously, to their being called to the Bar. Provided that the examiners shall not be obliged to. W. Murray, King's College, Aberdeen,. confer or grant any studentship or certificate, unless 5. W. E. Ward, Trinity Coll., Cambridge they shall be of opinion that the examination of stu-6. GI E. Ward, Wadham College, Oxford | 1667 dents they select has been such as entitles them 7. E. G. Glazier, North London Collegiate/ School- 7.....gwmboord • •••• ••H thereto.

"At every call to the Bar those students who have passed a public examination, and either obtained a studentship or a certificate of honour, shall take rank in seniority over all other students who shall be called on the same day.

Aberdeen

1

by the University. The modifications of that system, adopted by Convocation in the 1912 Spring of the present year, have not yet come into 1724 play, except in the comparatively unimportant matter of the age of candidates. As the notices

1722

1693

1667

1585
1572

1517

8. C. C. Stevens, University of Melbourne 16
9. J. S. Carstairs, Trinity College, Dublin. 1628
10. R. D. Spedding, Queen's College, Belfast / 1626
11. J. C. Price, Trinity College, Dublin 1608
12. E. W. Barron, Pembroke Coll., Oxford
13. R. J. Leeds, King's College, London,
14. J. W. Edgar, private school..
15. H. C. Barstow, St. John's Coll., Camb.,,
16. H. Beverley, ditto, ditto
tool 7B. H. Powell St. Paul's School
18. J. Boxwell, Trinity College, Dublin
20. D. R. Lyall, Edinburgh University
19. A. C. Brett, Victoria College, Jersey
21. W. A. Howe, St. Edmund's Coll, Ware
22. J. Anderson, Edinburgh

"No students shall be eligible to be called to the Bar who shall not either have attended during one whole year the lectures of two of the readers, or have satisfactorily passed a public examination. "Rules Calles for be called to the Bar: 190an 501

Honour public examination of

or certificates, entitling

1513

by

to be issued while the strife was still pending, it with respect to the details of the examination had was impossible to introduce into them the alterations designed by the Delegates, and since adopted the University, touching the examination in the Rudiments of Faith and Religion, which are working the expected to have a powerful effect on the of that part of the system. For the tre the changes introduced by the present public must wait till next midsummer. The fourth examination has been necessarily conducted on 1552 the scheme of the original propounders. dogo Compared with its predecessors, the examination of 1861 is in most respects satisfactory.The 1470 number of candidates who put down their names 11463 than in 1860, being 968, as against 937 in the Term, to which a student of any of the Inns of Court 1442 former, and 890 in the latter year. Of these 968 "An examination will be held in next Michaelmas 1462 was greater than in 1859, considerably greater who is desirous of becoming a candidate for a stu1433 1430 as many as 939 presented themselves at the various dentship of honours, or of obtaining a certificate of centres; whereas, in 1859, the number who made fitness for being called to the Bar, will be admissible. their appearance was only 896, and in 1860 it was "Each student proposing to submit himself for exbut 865. This increase is equal to nearly 5 per amination will be required to enter his name at the 24. W. R. Burkitt,* Trinity Coll, Dublin 1419 Treasurer's office of the Inn of Court to which he 25. T. W. Smyth, Queen's College, Belfast 1466 cent on the numbers of 1859, and to more than belongs, on or before Wednesday, the 23d of October 8 per cent. on those of 1860. The proportion next, and he will further be required to state in writing 26. E. C. Buck, Clare College, Cambridge 1402 of seniors to juniors continues) much the 27. A. R. Bulman, Richmond Grammar, I same as before, the junior rather more than douwhether his object in offering himself for examination School • 1386 bling the senior candidates. A.) 12.90-)" is to compete for a studentship or other honourable distinction; or whether he is merely desirous of ob- 28. D. R. Parke, Queen's College, Belfast //1385 Of the candidates thus presenting themselves, a taining a certificate preliminary to a call to the Bar. 29. A. C. Trevor, Lincoln Colege, Oxford 1377 considerably larger proportion have satisfied the "The examination will commence on Wednesday, 30. J. O'Kinealy, Queen's College, Galway 1367 Examiners than in either of the two preceding Oct. 30 next, and will be continued on the Thursday 31. W. W. G. Cornwall, Cheltenham Coll. 1357 years. In 1859, out of 299 senior candidates, 151 and Friday following. 32. W. B. Hudson, Pembroke Coll., Oxford 1349 received certificates, and out of 597 junior can33. W. Coldstream, Edinburgh 34. T. H. Shortt, Trinity College, Dublin.. 35. A. M. Markham, Down & Connor Diocesan School .

It will take place in the Benchers' Reading-room of Lincoln's-inn, and the doors will be closed 10 minutes after the time appointed for the commencement of the examination.

"The examination by printed questions will be conducted in the following order: Wednesday morning, Oct. 30, at 9:30, on Constitutional Law and Legal History; in the afternoon, at 1:30, on Equity. & I & Thursday morning, Oct. 31, at 9-30, on Common Law; in the afternoon, at 1:30, on the Law of Real Property, &c.

didates 332. In the following year, out of 292 1338 "seniors the successful were 152, and out of 572 “júniors" 346. At the recent examination certificates were obtained by 184 sèniors' out of 36. J. Quin, Trinity College, Dublin 141327810, and by 415 juniors" out of 629 The cer37. F. Wyer, Emmanuel Coll, Cambridge1315 tificates granted were thus 599 in all, or above 38. W. T. Baldwin, Trinity Coll., Cambridge 1284 100 more than in 1860, and nearly 120 more than 39. R. H. Wilson, Trinity Coll., Cambridge 1250 in 1859. The proportionate increase, taking into 40. H. Linton, Wadham College, Oxford.. 1272 consideration, the number of candidates, is € per 41. J. Smith, King's College, London .. cent. on the numbers of 1860, and 10 per cent. on 42. R. R. Price, Trinity College, Oxford, those of 1859. () Friday morning, Nov. 1, at 9:30, on Jurisprudence 43. C. W. Mellor, Corpus Christi College, and the Civil Law; in the afternoon, at 1:30, a paperwill be given to the students, including questions 44. V. Irwin, Stonyhurst Col., and Trinity bearing upon all the foregoing subjects of examination. The oral examination will be conducted in the same order during the same hours and on the same subjects as those already marked out for the examination by printed questions, except that on Friday after-46. H. F. Tyrrell, Trinity College, Dublin 47. G. J. Richards, Brasenose Coll., Oxford 48. R. T. Hobart, Trinity College, Dublin 49. T. Smith, Merton College, Oxford... 50. C. F. Worsley, Magdalen Coll., Oxford 51. H. Clark, Univ. and King's, Aberdeen 52. J. G. Robertson, Marischal College, DetoAberdeen

Conversely, the failures are of course fewer than 1249 in former years; and that not only proportionally, but in actual numbers. In 1859 the candidates who failed were 413, in 1860 they were 367, in 1861 they are but 340. And this in despite the afge 1214 increase in the number of candidates presenting 1208 themselves-43 more than in 1859, and 74 more than 1207 in 1860. The proportion of "plucks" has thus 1206 diminished from 16 per cent. in 1859 to 42 per 1205 cent. in 1860, and then, to 36 per cent. in 1861.

1202

1201

11192

1183

53. P. D. Dickens, New College, Oxford. 1191
54. G.S. D. Dale, King's College, London
55. J. H. Nelson, King's Coll., Cambridge: 118
56. J. M. C. Steinbelt, Trinity Colli, Dublin
57. F. Thelwall, Trinity College, Cambridge
58 P. Whalley, Trinity College, Cambridge
59. J.J. Livesay, Trinity College, Dublin
60. C. E. Hall, Queen's College, Oxford..
61. G. Adams, Christ's Hospital

These results are certainly satisfactory. It is also satisfactory to find that the improvement is chiefly due to the better acquaintance with those elementary subjects which constitute what bas become known as the preliminary" part of the examination. In 1859 the number of candidates

who failed in this essential knowledge was 305, or 1180 34 per cent,; in 1860 it was 315, of 36 per cent. 1163 In 1861 it is no more than 240, or 25 per cent. 1142 The preliminary work appears to have been alto1133 gether better done than on former occasions. Last year 121 candidates 39 seniors and 82. juniors failed in more than two of the preliminary

The oral examination and printed questions will be founded on books mentioned, regard being had, however, to the particular object with a view to which the student presents himself for examination. In determining the question whether a student has passed the examination in such a manner as to entitle him to be called to the Bar, the examiners will principally have regard to the general knowledge of aw and jurisprudence which he has displayed. "A student may present himself at any number of examinations until he shall have obtained a certificate. Any student who shall obtain a certificate may Present himself a second time for examination as a This candidate was examined, at his own request, subjects; this year the failures of this gross chaandidate for the studentship, but only at one of the in Persian, and displayed a sound elementary know-racter are only 58 less than half the amount of [lust year, although the number of candidates is so three examinations immediately succeeding that at ledge of that language.

*

1112

1109

much greater. The failures have, further, become | didates broke down in other subjects less often
very rare in the case of those who would otherwise than in 1860; so that the number who obtained
have obtained honours. Last year 30 candidates credit for their Divinity in their certificates is
lost their places in the first or second division by rather more than on the last occasion, being 253
failing in the preliminary examination; and of out of 939, or 26 per cent., in place of 224 out of
these 17 would otherwise have obtained double, 878, or 25 per cent. The advocates of a change
triple, or even quadruple honours. This year the in the religious examination will scarcely see in
loss of honourable distinctions on this account is these results any reasons for regretting the efforts
confined to 13 persons, and one only forfeits a which they have made to obtain some amelioration
double honour. It is clear that the schoolmasters of the existing system.
have at last become fully aware that, if success in
this examination is desired, the rudimentary part
of education must not be slurred over that no
brilliancy in the more advanced subjects will be
regarded as a compensation for ignorance of such
humble but e sential points as spelling, parsing,
summings and the outlines of English history and
geography.

It is remarkable that, combined with the general improvement which has been noted in the work of the candidates, and the consequent increase in the number of "passes," there should be, not only no augmentation, but a considerable diminution, in the number of honours. The Honour Lists of 1861 fall below those of 1860, which were much scantier than those of 1859, as the subjoined table will show :

SENIORS.

If the results of the examination may be depended on as a real test of educational power, it would seem that it exists in very different degrees in different localities. Setting Oxford and London aside as places to which candidates go up from all parts of England, and Ipswich as one which does not furnish a sufficient number to form a fair criterion, we find the order and degree of educational excellence in the several localities to be as follows:

Section A (English),

Section B (Languages), 1st 2nd Section C (Mathematics), 1st

1859 1860 1861
1st Division 13 11 13
2nd
54 36 35
18 15 14
19
11 8

Brighton.....

80

20

100

Southampton.

(Birmingham

17 21
10

2nd

Lean, W. S.
Stourton, H.
Mackey, E.
Kelsal!, J.'
Waite, F. W.
Miranda, L. F.
Middleton, J. K.
Oldroyd, M.

Dorchester Grammar School.
New College.

Regent's Park College.

CLASSICS.

Private tuition.
Stonyhurst College.
Private study.

University College.

W. of E. Dissent. Gram. Sch.
Private tuition.

United College, St. Andrew's.
St. James's Lodge, Croydon.

First Division.......................................
Second Division........

Total

168 133 137

167 134 92

Manchester
Gloucester

Leeds, with 63 candidates, passes 59, failing only with four, and obtains 12 places in the First and 7 in the Second Division. Liverpool, with the same number nearly (62) has 10 failures instead of 4, but counts 29 honours, 7 being honours of the first rank, Bath, also, with 62 candidates, has 10 first-class and 12 second-class honours, but is not very successful in passing her candidates, failing with 19, or nearly a third. On the other hand, Gloucester can pass no more than three-fifths of her candidates, and, with rather more than half the number of candidates sent in from these three places, obtains less than a third of their honours. As far as the senior candidates are concerned, it Southampton, as respects honours, is little in adwill be seen that there is a slight increase on the vance of Gloucester, but has tolerable success in honours of last year, though one far from pro- passing her candidates, whereby she betters her portionate to the increase in the number of can- condition in the above list. There does not seem didates. The great falling off is in respect of the to be any valid reason why these great differences juniors, who obtain but 92 honours in lieu of 134 should exist. They are not temporary or casual, in 1860, and 167 in 1859. The diminution is so for they have continued with little variation since large as to raise a suspicion that a different these examinations began. It seems strange standard of excellence must have been adopted for there should not be enquiries on the part of the the Junior Second Division honour from that less successful localities into the systems pursued which prevailed in 1859 and 1860. otherwise it by their rivals, and an imitation of their peculiar seems very unlikely that a falling off should have features, whereby the great inequalities which now taken place equal to 40 per cent. on the numbers exist would soon disappear. We recommend this in the latter, and to 100 per cent. on the numbers point to the attention of schoolmasters, and, in in the former year, more especially as, in other their default, to the attention of parents. It seems respects, the decrease in the number of honours is now that a boy has three times as good a chance in no case more than moderate. Still, if the num- of obtaining honours if he has his education in or ber of candidates be taken into account, the falling near Leeds, Liverpool, or Bath, as if he has it in off is sufficiently marked to make it probable that or near Gloucester or Southampton. more attention has been given this year than formerly to the preparation of the general mass of candidates, and less effort expended on the special preparation of a few clever boys. This change, if it has really taken place, is very satisfactory; for it indicates the diminution of a danger inseparable from a system of examination with honours, and one which many have regarded as almost neutralizing the advantages of the entire system.

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

LONDON UNIVERSITY.

MATRICULATION.-JULY, 1861.
EXAMINATION FOR HONOURS.

that

The following are lists of Candidates who passed the Mills, E. J.

With regard to the religious part of the exami-respective Examinations indicated :nation, which has lately attracted so much attention, no more need be said than that it remains almost exactly at the low point which it reached in 1860. A somewhat increased proportion of the candidates, indeed, offered themselves for examination in religious subjects (62 per cent. in place of 59 per cent.); but this gain was more than counterbalanced by their inferior state of preparation, which caused a smaller proportion of those

Pearce, R. J.
Clifford, W. K.
Hunter, R.
Jones, J.
Joseph, G. S.

Equal,

Caius College, Cambridge.
King's College.

New College.
University College.

Pringle, Q.

School of Mines.
Magdalen College, Oxford.
Royal College of Chemistry.
Owens College.

SECOND DIVISION.

Private tuition.
School of Mines.

King's College..
University of Zurich.
Royal College of Chemistry.
Private study.

EXAMINATION FOR HONOURS.

CHEMISTRY AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

Denmark Hill Gram. School.

examined to satisfy the examiners. In 1859 the *In calculating the honour power, an honour of proportion of those who passed was 41 per cent.: the first rank (First Division) has been reckoned at in 1860, it was 36 per cent.; in 1861, it is 35 per twice the value of an honour of the second rank (Secent. Fortunately, these successful Divinity can-cond Division).

Payne, J. F.
Watts, W. M.

1861.

EXAMINATION FOR HONOURS. CHEMISTRY AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

Bruce, A. (Exhibition)

Deas, P. M.

Hicks, J. W.

Godrich, H., B.A.

Casey, E.

Wood, J. H.
Carter, W.

Harries, G. H.

Deas, P. M.
Hicks, J. W.

Equal.

University College.
University of Edinburgh.
St. Thomas's Hospital.
Adjoining St. George's Hosp.
King's College.
King's College.
Charing Cross Hospital.
King's College.
BIOLOGY. 1

and they suggest the inference, either that the weed out unskilled men where heavy lifting bas M.B. PRELIMINARY SCIENTIFIC EXAMINATION. standard was high, or that most of the candidates been required, because they dare not risk the over-estimated their own attainments. They also danger arising from unskilled strength." Here, show the strong tendency which has often been therefore, is a special advantage over and above noticed to overlook certain elementary subjects the uses of education generally. "I would not," with which all educated persons ought to be said an eminent manufacturer, "take less than familiar. There were 87 candidates entered, but, £7000 for my whole set of workmen in exchange owing to illness, withdrawals, and other causes, for the uneducated, ill-trained, and ill-conditioned only 72 underwent examination-45 seniors and workmen of the manufacturer opposite. The 27 juniors. Of these 23 passed, or less than one steadiness of the educated men induces steadiness third, nearly all of them answering satisfactorily of work, and comparative certainty in the quality on their special subjects of study, but failing in and quantity of the produce." Why do you the preliminary examination. Of the senior can- bespeak children from the infant school in predidates, 18 passed, or two in five, and of the ference to others?" an operative was asked. junior five, or between a fifth and a sixth. Of "Because they require less beating, and they are those who succeeded, the province of Leinster sooner taught," was the expressive answer. It is furnished 11, Ulster 7, Connaught 3, and Munster maintained in the papers that much more might 1; the remaining one was a lad from Durham in be made of the existing means of education by a England, who had been at school near Dublin. system of union and consolidation and gradation The following analysis of the failures show the of schools, and a division of educational labour; subjects which the 49 unsuccessful candidates and, with improvements of this nature, and conought to have known better, and exhibits also the templating the striking results of education in the degree of attention paid to them respectively. In district half-time industrial schools for paupers,analysis and parsing of English 39 failed; in writing schools which are emancipating children fro from dictation, 33; in general geography, 31; hereditary pauperism and crime by methods of and in arithmetic 4. The causes of failure are training which might be so much more widely shown in notes appended to a supplementary adopted,-"men like us, past the middle period of table, in which the candidates are represented, not life," writes Mr. Chadwick, addressing Mr. Senior, by names, but by their respective numbers. Thus" might expect to see in a few years a change in revelations of a personal kind are avoided, while the whole moral and intellectual condition of the the facts are given. The very occurrence of these population, as great as any change produced by examinations is a step in advance, and it is not improvements in physical science and art in our unlikely that in 1862 the percentage of successful time." candidates may be more than doubled.

(Exhibition)

Carter, W.

Hinds, J.

University of Edinburgh.
St. Thomas's Hospital.
Charing Cross Hospital.
Queen's College, Birmingham

FIRST M.B. EXAMINATION.-1861.

Axford, W. H.

PASS EXAMINATION.

FIRST DIVISION.

Clarke, J. St. Thomas
Fox, E. L. H.
Gwyther, J., B.A.

King's College.

Guy's Hospital.
University College.
Royal Manchester Society of
Med., and Owens College.
St. Thomas's Hospital.

PyeSmith, P. H., B.A. Guy's Hospital.

*Money, F. J.

Rickards, W.

University College.

University College.
University College.

SECOND DIVISION.

St. Bartholomew's Hospital.
St. Bartholomew's Hospital.
Guy's Hospital.

Ludlow, E.
Makens, John
Southam, G. T. M.
St. Bartholomew's Hospital.
Examined in Physiology and Chemical Toxicology
+ Examined in Anatomy, Materia Medica, and Applied

only.

Chemistry only.

THE CITY OF LONDON COLLEGE. A public PHYSICAL TRAINING.-Among the Parlia- meeting was held on August 15th, at Sussex Hall, mentary Papers recently issued are two small Leadenhall-street, to hear a statement from the volumes containing some information collected by Rev. Charles Mackenzie, principal of the College, Mr. Edwin Chadwick during the recent education as to its progress and present position. There was inquiry. Mr. Chadwick shows in these papers a large attendance of the members and their friends. that the present practice of long hours of teaching The reverend gentleman entered at great length is a wide cause of enervation and predisposition into the various details connected with the forma to disease, and induces ill habits of listlessness tion of the College, the proposed rates of entrance and dawdling. The half-time system is found to fees to the various classes and lectures, the duties give nearly, if not quite, as good education as the of the council and the members, &c., all of which whole time; and common sense tells us that a boy appeared to give great satisfaction. The reverend who has acquired the same amount of knowledge gentleman concluded his address by announcing in half the time of another boy must have obtained it to be the intention of the council to offer a prize a proportionately superior habit of mental activity. amongst the members for the most appropriate Good schoolmasters say about three hours a day titles to be given to the different classes of memare as long as a bright, voluntary attention on the bers, on the principle adopted at other universities; part of children can be secured, and that in that and another prize would also be given for the most period they may really be taught as much as they appropriate coat of arms and motto. It was also can receive; all beyond the profitable limit is announced that the Lord Mayor had consented to Hence it is urged that part of the present preside at a public meeting on behalf of the Collong school hours be devoted to gymnastic exercises lege, to be held at the Mansion House early in or drill, as part of the system of education, or October. Several suggestions as to the managethat the half-time system be more adopted. Drill ment of the College were made, and the proceedis very strongly recommended by many eminentings concluded with a cordial vote of thanks to the It improves the health, the carriage, the manners, men, who give their testimony in these papers. Rev. Mr. Mackenzie for his address.

waste.

even the character; sharpens the attention, gives THE GLACIERS OF THE ALPS.-In a letter to habits of obedience, promptness, regularity, and the "Times," the British Consul at Geneva menself-restraint. Sir F. B. Head writes: "Notions an interesting fact. Some of our readers animal, whether on four legs or two, can be of any will remember the tragic end of Auguste Tairaz, use in the workshop of man until he has been Pierre Balmat, and Pierre Carrier, the three sufficiently divested of that portion of his natural Chamounix guides, who were swept from the inheritance called a will of his own." What's the Grand Plateaux by an avalanche, on the 20th of CHE-to milk her?-what's the use of a horse, if he won't ascent of Mont Blanc with Dr. Hammel, and some use of a cow, if she won't allow either man or maid August, 1820, while making, or attempting, the put his head into a collar or suffer a saddle on his Genevese gentlemen. No traces whatever of these back? A system of military drill in our schools poor fellows had ever been discovered from the would prove so beneficial that, if once adopted, an moment of their destruction till the morning of the undrilled young man, like a raw unbroken horse, 15th August, when various fragments were found would be considered unserviceable." "I should on the lower part of the Glacier des Bossons consider a youth of double value," says Mr. Whit-entering the valley. Professor Forbes of Edinworth, "who has had the training of the nature of burgh, the author of the "Viscous Theory" of a drill; he attends to commands; he keeps every- Glaciers, has repeatedly told the Chamounix thing he has to do with in a high state of cleanli-guides that they might look out for traces of their ness; defects are corrected, and special qualifica- deceased comrades in the Lower Bossons in about tions brought out." "We find the drilled men very superior," says Mr. Fairbairn. "They are constantly in readiness for the protection of the country," writes Lieutenant General Shaw Kennedy. "Men are frequently required," says Mr. R. Rawlinson, C.E., "to use their strength in concert, for which they must have confidence in one another; I have frequently seen trained men