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a quarter's school wages. Defendant had re-
moved his brother from plaintiff's school with-
out giving a quarter's notice, which the plain-
tiff stated was specified in the prospectus given
to the defendant, as being necessary before
such removal. Defendant said that his im-
pression was, that he had never received a pro-
spectus; and that, as it was a day-school, he
never supposed such a notice would be re-
quired. Verdict was given for the plaintiff."
I am, Sir, &c.,
W. H.

Hull, April 1st, 1861.

To the Editor of the Educational Times. SIR,-For the information of “T. M.,"

can state that in three instances within the last

five years I have received a quarter's payment for day pupils that had been removed without the usual quarter's notice; but I must say that in each instance I had given one of my prospectuses to the father of the boy when he placed his son with me; and as he made no objection either to the terms or the regulations set forth in the prospectus, I considered he was willing to abide by them as a basis of contract. If "T. M." will communicate with me, I shall be happy to furnish him with the name of a Schoolmistress who, a short time ago, obtained the quarter's terms for a day pupil (removed without notice), and that through the County Court.Yours, &c,,

G. HERBERT.

University School, Nottingham.
April 5th, 1861.

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64

re

M. C. P.

REVIEWS AND NOTICES. Notitia Editionis Codicis Bibliorum Sinaitici

then retain in an elementary work an expres- a little explanation and alteration, and there sion which, if it conveys any meaning to a are also others who think so, and who do not boy's mind at all, is certain to convey a wrong subscribe on that account. Í at present only one? Mr. Isbister, in what he calls his "re- subscribe half a guinea, but were things put on capitulation" (a valuable feature in his plan), a better footing I would at once make it a substitutes the expression "draw" in reference guinea. to the circle, which is certainly a preferable one First, then, why limit the subscription to to Simson's; but in the Proposition itself he members of the College? Let any one who makes no change from the form in which it pleases become a subscriber by paying his was given by the Scotch professor a century guinea in advance, as in other institutions. ago. I recommend all instructors to get rid of There are, doubtless, many who would suball such antiquated and obsolete expressions, scribe because they thought it a worthy object. and also of many superfluous phrases, of which Secondly, that it should not be simply for the the following, among others, are familiar ex- relief of the widows and orphans of deceased Iamples to be found in most of the common members, but that in time of sickness a weekly editions of Euclid. A right line" for a sum should be allowed to such as stood in need straight line; describing a triangle" for con- of it. Of course this must be with the sancstructing a triangle; describing a circle" for tion of the College, or some responsible person. drawing a circle; "a line which lies evenly be. It is quite impossible to enter into all the parsame direction; "two lines having a common the columns of a newspaper. My principal tween its extreme points," instead of in the ticulars and merits of such an object as this in segment," instead of a common continuation, object is simply to draw the attention of those &c., &c. Not less objectionable are such who have not already supported it to such a forms of expression as the following: "If two laudable object.-I remain, Sir, your obedient triangles have two sides of the one equal to servant, two sides of the other, each to each," &c. The the literal translation of the Greek ékaTÉPA phrase in italics is not an English idiom, but karépa. It conveys no meaning to a person unaccustomed to it, and requires a definition respectively," which is sometimes used, is less objectionable, although auspiciis Imperatoris Alexandri 11. susceptæ. it sometimes leads to ludicrous blunders, as Accedit Catalogus codicum nuper ex Oriente when a pupil tells us, as I have known more Petropolin perlatorum. Item Origenis, Scholia than one to do, that A B and C) are in proverbia Salomonis partim nunc primum, spectfully" equal to EF and GH. It is a partim secundum, atque emendatius edita. Cum ON THE TEACHING OF EUCLID. curious fact that the term "axiom," in such duabus tabulis lapidi incisis. Edidit noth. To the Editor of the Educational Times. frequent use in our English translations, is Frid. Const. Tischendorf. Lipsia, Brockhaus; no- Lutetiæ, Klinsksieck. This new publicaSIR,-Whilst I agree with much that has where employed by Euclid, who makes use of been stated in the excellent paper by Mr. Is the term "kowy évvota;” implying that which tion of M. Tischendorf, the well-known bister" On the Teaching of Euclid" in the last is in the understanding of every man. In Eastern Traveller and discoverer of the celenumber of the Educational Times," there is Greek, gioua signifies, as its derivation im- brated Sinaitic MSS. of the Scriptures, is litone point on which the author of the paper has plies," a truth of dignity, or importance," and tle more, as he himself informs us, than a Report very cursorily touched, and on which I would, not necessarily an intuitive or self-evident containing the results of various voyages which he undertook in the East, at the expense and with your permission, offer a few observations. truth.—I am, &c., by the orders of the Emperor Alexander II. I allude to the incorrectness of the language of the ordinary translations of Euclid used in This Report consists of three parts, of which the first is devoted to an account of the disschools, constituting serious "difficulties" to covery and acquisition of the famous manuscript beginners in Geometry, and which, not being THE BENEVOLENT FUND OF THE of the Bible, found at the Monastery of St. inherent in the subject itself, ought, I think, COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS. Catherine on Mount Sinai, when M.Tischendorf to be no longer permitted to remain in our SIR,-At the commencement of the present visited it for the first time in 1845. Through text-books. The translation of Euclid most in year, circulars were sent round to, I presume, the liberal patronage of the Emperor of Russia, use in this country is that of Dr. Simson, a all the members of the College, stating, that this important manuscript, printed in characprofessor in the last century in one of the col- an effort was being made to augment the Be- ters cast for the purpose, which reproduce the leges of Scotland-a country by no means nevolent Fund," and "that donations and sub- exact form of the original, and accompanied by famous, at least in those days, either for a scriptions were earnestly requested." It also 20 photographic plates taken in the office of knowledge of English or of Greek. I am far went on to state, that no distribution of money the Etat Major at St. Petersburgh with the from impugning the accuracy of this famous could take place till the interest of the invested view of ensuring the correctness of the impres version. Its chief fault is its confined and in- fund amounted to 507. per annum. It also sion, will be published in four folio volumes, expressive method of rendering the Greek, by stated, that if each member of the College which will appear early in 1862, for the purpose too close an adherence to a literal version, and would subscribe one guinea per annum for two of being distributed among all the churches of its preserving the unmeaning repetitions of the years, it could be brought into operation. Russia on the occasion of the Millenary of the original, which, however excusable in Euclid, Now, I would first ask, what sum is required foundation of the Empire which will be celewho wrote against objectors, of whom there to make up the amount necessary to produce brated early in that year. Following this truly were many in his day, is useless and tedious for this interest? Secondly, why limit the time of Royal Edition, which will not be submitted for the purpose of elementary instruction. As subscription to two years? Is an extra guinea sale, there will appear at Leipsig, also at the one of our best mathematical writers-Pro- of so much importance to the numerous expense of the Emperor of Russia, another less fessor De Morgan-has remarked, it abounds flourishing schoolmasters who are on the Col- sumptuous, but more convenient edition, pubalso with Hellenecisms, and employs terms in lege lists? or are the cases requiring assistance lished by Brockhaus, which will contain besides, an antiquated or obsolete sense, borrowed evi- among teachers so rare, that 507. per annum the New Testament, the Epistle of Barnabas, dently from the Latin versions of the period, would be found adequate? I think not. From and the fragments of Hermas. which, if English at the time Simson wrote, the reports in the "Educational Times," it are certainly no longer English now. Take, does not appear that the proposal has met with for example, the first Proposition as given by a very hearty response, as there are at present Mr. Isbister in his paper from Simson's text. only nine who have subscribed a guinea, and In what sense is a circle or triangle "de-seven half a guinea. scribed," which is simply drawn or constructed My principal object in addressing you, Sir, on paper? Certainly in no sense in which the is to draw attention to this fact, and to try to term "describe" is ever used, either in our induce those who have not subscribed to do so. current literature or in conversation. Why But I think there are a few things which want

Cambridge, 22nd April.

CANTAB.

64

M. Tischendorf, after announcing these arrangements, enters into various details in reference to the age and contents of the Sinaitic MSS., of which 18 pages are given by way of specimen, accompanied by critical remarks, together with numerous and important "readings," some thousands in all, brought forward with the view of imparting to the text all the correctness possible.

The second part of the Report contains the this rule are, as the writer remarks, few and Mulingar (p. 195) should be corrected into Catalogue of all the MSS. obtained in the easily explained. A glance at the "tabular Mullingar, the capital of Westmeath. East, deposited in the Imperial Library, or in view of rivers and towns," which accompanies Mr. Mackay, in describing Holland, heads a that of the Academy of Sciences of St. Peters- the Political Geography of each separate paragraph, some sixteen lines long, with the burgh. These are arranged in twelve classes, country, will convince the reader of the enor-word" Mountains," and then informs us of which comprise:-1, Twelve Palimpsest manu- mous amount of labour which has been ex- "its utter want of mountains." This lucus, à scripts; 2. Twenty in the Greek uncial charac-pended on this particular portion of the manual. non lucendo method reminds us of the chapter ter; 3, Twenty-eight in the Greek minuscal, Thus, to take, for example, the table of rivers (47), in Horrebon's History of Ireland, headed among which are two copies of the Gospels and and towns belonging to England and Wales." Concerning Owls," which begins and ends one of the Historical books, supposed to be of In the river column we may have 100 main thus: "There are in Ireland no owls of any the 9th century; 4, Nine copies of the Syriac rivers, and 200 tributary streams, while in kind whatever." Possibly, too, it is hardly version; 5, Eleven of the Koptic; 6, Seven another just opposite, will be found 800 towns, correct to say, in painting the national chaArabian, of which one with the Epistles of none of which contains less than 750 inha-racter of an Englishman, that "wherever he St. Paul dates from the year 892, A.D.; 7, Ten bitants. The author says:finds himself, he warmly encourages betting, Hebrew; 8, Two Samaritan Pentateuchs; 9, Three fragments in Sclavonic; 10, Eleven Abyssinian; 11, Five Armenian; 12, Various fragments in hieratic, hieroglyphic, demotic, Koptic, and Greek characters.

2.

"The rivers are given in the order in which gambling, chess-playing, and the theatre." their mouths would occur to one sailing round the These are, however, but very minor flaws in coast from the Solway Firth to the Tweed; and the this volume, which for its correctness, ingetowns and tributary rivers in the order in which nuity, and completeness, far surpasses any he would observe them in his passage up the similar manual which we have ever seen. In the third part are contained the materials river. Main rivers, or those entering the sea, are derived from various sources, possession of placed to the extreme left, as the Sark, Eden and which in the original could not be secured; and Wampool; tributaries, or rivers of the second of which copies or extracts only could be taken. rank, one place further to the right, as the Caldew, Irthing, and Eamont; sub-affluents, or affluents Amongst the latter may be cited various in- of tributaries, two places to the right, as the Chor, edited passages of Diodorus Siculus, from a Medlock, and Irk. The letter denotes that the MSS. of the 11th Century, found at Patmos; affluent after which it stands enters the main river and the Scholia of Origen on the Proverbs of on the left; those without any affix enter on the Solomon; and-what is a singular monument right side. Capitals of counties are distinguished of the history of the middle ages-the Letter by SMALL CAPITALS; towns of 4000 inhabitants addressed to Mahomet II. by a Monk of and upwards, by Roman letters; and those between Mount Athos, which celebrates with enthusiasm 750 and 4000, by Italics. B denotes bay; Co., the exploits of the Conqueror of Byzantium. coast; Hr., harbour; and Sd., sound." M. Tischendorf's work will excite a wide interest among the learned of Europe.

1. Principia Latina. Part I. A First Latin' Course. Comprehending Grammar, Delectus, and Exercise-Book, with Vocabularies Principia Latina. Part II. A First Latin Reading Book. Containing Fables, Anecdotes, Mythology, Geography, and Roman History; with a short introduction to Roman Antiquities, Notes, and a Dictionary. By William Smith, LL.D., Editor of the Classical and Latin Dictionaries. John Murray, Albemarle Street.

These two works form part of a short series which the author has undertaken, as he informs us, with the view of facilitating the study of the Latin Language.

"The first part contains the Grammatical forms, with Exercises upon all the inflections, in which the simple rules of Syntax are introduced, as they are required for the formation of sentences.

Under the sections describing the ethnography are sketched the race, religion, national character, form of government and education Part I. commences with the Elements, and' Manual of Modern Geography, Mathematical, of each nation, as well as its language and its main object is to enable a beginner to fix Physical and Political. On a new plan, literature. Then follow brief descriptions of the Declensions and Conjugations thoroughly embracing a complete development of the the army and navy, public debt, revenue, and in his memory, to learn their usage by conRiver System of the Globe. By the Rev. Alex- expenditure, commerce, manufactures, exports structing simple sentences as soon as he comander Mackay, A.M., FR.G.S., pp. 695. and imports, inland communication, and mences the study of the language, and to William Blachwood & Sons, 1861. foreign possessions, (if any,) of each state. accumulate gradually a stock of useful words. MR. BUCKLE, in the first volume of his For the correct pronunciation of the various For this purpose, the work is divided into two "History of Civilization," insists frequently geographical names, Mr. Mackay has given parts, the design of which, is thus explained by and energetically on the close connexion which short but clear rules based on the pronuncia the author:exists between the physical and political con- tion of the alphabet. dition of a nation. This connexion, though| If we wanted a lesson on the mutability of evident to any person who takes the trouble human affairs, we might derive one from the to think a moment about the matter, has been, volume before us. Since Mr. Mackay sent its to a great extent, ignored in all modern systems sheets to press, Parma, Modena, Tuscany, of geography. To preserve some fanciful Naples, &c. have been annexed to Italy, while idea of symmetry, the towns have been neatly France now includes Savoy and Nice within packed away into one column, the rivers into her boundaries. America, again, has been another, while the mountains have figured in split into two distinct confederations; while in a third, and the lakes probably in a fourth. British India, the Punjaub and North-west This mischievous arrangement, Mr. Mackay Provinces have been erected into separate prehas altogether laid aside in his present manual.sidencies. These changes are, of course, inHe commences with a short, but lucidly-written cidental, in a work of such a size, and involvchapter on what may be called "Mathematical ing so much labour as that of Mr. Mackay. Geography." In it he explains the position Some few minor parts we will point out as of the earth and its relation to the other requiring correction.

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worlds in the solar system, as well as the Thus, for instance, we have the income of
relation of the solar system to the uni- Trinity College, Dublin, given; while the far
verse, &c. Part II., under the heading larger revenues of Oxford and Cambridge are
"Physical Geography," contains a long and passed over in silence. Again, we are told.
interesting description of the configuration of (p. 139,) that the University of Cambridge
the earth's surface; of the atmosphere, which consists of seventeen colleges and four halls.
embraces a notice of the monsoons, trade winds, This is incorrect; there are no halls in Cam-
&c.; of climate; and of mineralogy, geology, bridge; as Clare Hall, for instance, is now by
botany, zoology, and ethnography. These two a recent regulation of its society converted into
opening chapters form, as it were, the intro- Clare College, and Trinity Hall into Trinity-
duction to political geography," which of hall College.
eourse makes up the staple portion of the book.
Mr. Mackay calls particular attention to a
new principle of arrangement adopted in the
section. Instead of giving under each province
or county a dry and incongruous list of cities
and towns, the writer has availed himself of
what he terms the important physical law, that
"all the cities and towns on the earth's surface,
whether ancient or modern, stand on the banks
of rivers, or on the sea coast." The exceptions to

Again, (p. 197,) we are told that Tipperary on the Arra, is the chief town of the county of Tipperary. For Tipperary, in the first instance, we must read Clonmel.

We are told in (p. 194), that Dangan, in Meath, was the birth-place of the late Duke of Wellington. The biographers of his Grace consider his birth-place a misprint, and the weight of evidence seems to point out Dublin as having had that honour.

"The second part contains an explanation of some of the more important idioms of the language, such Infinitive Mood, of the Ablative Absolute, of the Gerund and Gerundive, &c., exemplified by Exercises upon each construction. The Vocabularies to both parts are printed at the end of the second, and Alphabetical Indices of the Latin and English words in the Vocabularies are appended to them.

as the construction of the Accusative Case and the

"The work thus contains Grammar, Delectus, and Exercise-book, with Vocabularies, and consequently presents in one book, all that the pupil will require for some time in his study of the language."

The plan on which the Exercises are constructed, will be seen from the following Example:

EXERCISE ON THE FIRST DECLENSION.
The Nominative Singular of Substantives of the
First Declension ends in ǎ, and the Genitive in ae.

Sing.

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Plur.
Mens-ae, tables

Mens-arum, of tables
Mens-is,

Mens-as,
Mens-ae,

to or for tables tables

O tables

Mens-is, by, with,or from

tables

All Substantives of the First Declension are Feminine unless they designate males: as, nauta, a sailor inative case in number and person: as, puella currit, RULE 1.-A personal verb agrees with its Nomthe girl runs.

Currit (he, she, it) runs.

Currunt (they) run.

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EXERCISE I.

1. Filia currit. 2. Filiae currunt. 3. Regina coronam habet. 4. Puella coronam habet. 5. Filia pecuniam habet. 6. Femina pecuniam habet. 7. Roma portas habet. 8. Coloniae portas habent. 9. Puellae rosas habent. 10. Feminae rosas habent. 11. Columbae alas habent. 12. Insulae oras habent. 1. The woman runs. 2. The women run. 3. The dove has wings. 4. The eagles have wings 5. The colony has gates. 6. The island has coasts. 7. The girls have money. 8. The women have money. 9. The colony has women. 10. The island has colonies. 11. The woman has a crown. 12. The

islands have roses.

"As the information contained in the Re

6

To the text is appended a body of Explana- and name of first endower; the patrons; the tory grammatical and historical notes, together head master and second master; the revenue with a Dictionary which is intended to contain of each school per annum from endowments; every word in the text, including Proper Names. the subjects taught, and the terms; the exhiWith the view of affording information re- bitions to the universities," &c. Respecting specting matters which are not touched upon the information given in this list the Editor in ordinary School Dictionaries, or which could says, in the preface,not be conveniently introduced in a convenient form into the Vocabulary at the end of the ports' is not always uniform in its character, we volume, an appendix is added, containing a have given, under the heading mentioned, somecomplete Chronological Table of the chief times the subjects required to be taught by the events of Roman History, and a brief account original deed of foundation, and sometimes those of the political and military antiquities of Rome. required by subsequent regulations; also, someThe Vocabulary is not given with the lesson, In the Dictionary or Vocabulary given at the times the number of scholars required to be taught but at the end of the work; and as this arrange- end of the Book, the quantities are marked, and by the original deed, and sometimes the numbers ment necessitates its being committed to me- the preterites and supines of verbs indicated by missioners. Many of the pupils, however, required taught at the date of the inquiry of the Commory before the translation is begun, it appears their radical syllables. to be taught free by the original deed are now to us to be a great improvement on the method Altogether, these Exercises are admirably charged a quarterage, and these exceptions it has of Arnold and others, who give the Vocabulary arranged, and are a great improvement on any not been always possible to discover. The column along with the Exercise, thereby enabling a publications of a similar character with which of Revenue' may possibly also require correccareless pupil to get up the translation in class, we are acquainted. Simple, practical, and per- tions, especially where it depends on rent and without the trouble of preparing it beforehand. fectly free from the pedantry and affectation of rent charges. The figures given are those to be The experienced Teacher will not fail to learned technicalities, yet embodying the re- found in the Reports of the Charity Commissioners, notice other valuable features, such as the sep-sults of the extensive experience and research and we have taken some pains to indicate those aration, by the hyphen, of the various suffixes and the known scholarship of the Author, these schools where in addition to the revenue of the school the master is allowed to take pay scholars from the stem, the marking of the quantities of works are a real acquisition to our Educational and boarders, or both. From the returns sent us the doubtful vowels, and the introduction of literature. We shall be much surprised if they we have been able to insert into the list, in a con-the simple rules of Syntax as they are required, do not speedily become the favourite text books densed form, the various Exhibitions and Scholarby which means the pupil is gradually and for beginners in Latin, in all schools where ships attached to above one hundred and sixty insensibly introduced to an acquaintance with Classical Studies are pursued. public schools. The Grammar Schools of Engthe most important Syntactic rules, and is Crockford's Scholastic Directory for 1861;tion, by decree of the Court of Chancery or Court land were founded by deed, by charter, by petiprepared to enter upon the systematic study of a larger Grammar, with advantage and profit. being an Annual Work of Reference for Facts of Exchequer, by Act of Parliament, gift, letters The Reading Book, forming the Second part tional Establishments (public and private) in to supply in a special column, with the date of the relating to Educators, Education, and Educa- patent, &c. These particulars we have endeavoured of the course, is taken up, when the learner, by London: John foundation of the school, and also the names of the the use of the previous volume, has mastered the United Kingdom. pp. 304. the first principles of construing and parsing. Crockford, 1861.-One of the new-born wants founders or first endowers of the various schools. Its object is to furnish those who have reached of advancing civilization is the directory. We The patronage of the grammar schools resides that stage, with a progressive course of Latin are now-a-days, most of us, brought into such sometimes in governors, sometimes in trustees, relations with our neighbours that we want to feoffees, corporations, &c. This information is reading, so as to prepare them to enter upon know all about them, as do they also about us. supplied in a distinct column." the study of Cæsar, or any other classical We have, moreover, an account of the author, with some degree of facility and satis- Hence a directory is not so much a luxury as a faction to themselves. The remarks of Dr. necessity. Of course no paterfamilias would care Parochial endowed schools of England and Smith, on the practice of setting beginners, to bestow it in lieu of Peter Parley's Tales" Wales; and, finally, a list of the school and prematurely, as is too often done, to the higher on his juvenile son and heir, nor would the other educational works published during the classical authors, before they are qualified to young ladies of the family look upon its closely-year 1860. It is not, of course, difficult to understand them, are deserving of attention:- printed statistically-uninviting pages with the understand that there must necessarily be same kindness that they would examine the many errors in a volume of this kind; but on "The modern practice of placing Caesar's Com-last volume of the "Ladies' Magazine." The the whole the work appears to us to be carementaries, for instance, in a boy's hands after he Scholastic Directory is, so far as we know, a fully and creditably done. Some misprints has painfully worked his way through a meagre Delectus or Exercise-book, is attended with the new idea; and the immense mass of materials we have noticed, such as the conversion of the most injurious consequences. The transition is too which go to make up the first annual number name of the head-master of the Merchant great and too abrupt. He finds the language puz. bears testimony to the industry and diligence zling, and the subject uninteresting; he meets at of the compiler. A hasty glance at the conthe very threshold all the difficulties of the obliqua tents of the book will form the best criticism oratio; and he knows next to nothing of ancient upon it. geography, Roman history, and antiquities.

66

Tailors' School from Hessey into Hussey; and the resuscitation of the late Mr. Nicholson, the well-known scholastic agent, who is described as still pursuing his calling. Furthermore, Barker and Son are unified into Barkertson, while Mr. Barham, of Cirencester grammar, school, figures under the further aliases of Bartnam and Bartram. These and similar errors we hope to see rectified in the next edition.

First, we have a list of "Principals of col"If we wish boys to read Latin with facility, we leges and public schools," extending over some must provide them with the right kind of books thirty-six pages. This list, though evidently The language must be easy, and the subjects suit- capable of great improvement, must have cost able to their capacity; while the information much labour and trouble in its compilation. conveyed should prepare them to understand the ancient writers, who lived under a different form of The degrees of many of these gentlemen are Handbook of the Civil Service: being a comcivilization and professed a different religion. This given, and such works, educational or otherhas been attempted in the present Work, which, it wise, as any of them may have published. plete Guide to the Examinations for the various is believed will not only prove interesting and in- Next follows a list of "Private schools for departments of the Public Service, organized telligible to young people, but will serve as an gentlemen," which occupies fifty pages. It according to the recommendations of the Civil introduction to a knowledge of Ancient Mythology seems to us that the returns in this list would Service Commissioners. and Geography, of Roman History and Antiquities. have been much increased in value had the The first four sections (the Fables, Anecdotes, terms of each school been given. It is very Mythology, and Geography) are mainly taken, possible, however, that the conductors of these though with numerous alterations and additions schools objected to make such a return. (especially in the first three), from the 'Lateinisches Then follow the "Private schools for ladies,' Elementarbuch' of Jacobs and Döring; but the which are even more numerous than those for most important part-the Roman History-has been derived from Lhomond's De Viris Illustribus the other sex. Next comes a list of" Foreign Urbis Romae,' which is very superior to Jacob's and schools ;" and after that a list of "Endowed Döring's meagre epitome of Roman history, and grammar, collegiate, and cathedral schools in presents a graphic picture of the great men of Rome England and Wales; and the high schools, from the earliest times to the death of Augustus. corporate and proprietary schools in England It contains the most interesting stories related by and Wales.' This list strikes us as being an Livy, Valerius Maximus, Florus, and other ancient extremely valuable one. In it are given the writers, and is probably better adapted for Begin- " place and designation of each school; the ners than any other work of the kind which has date of foundation, name of founder, or date hitherto appeared.”

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pp. 87. London: Cassell, Petter, and Galpin. 1861.—This manual will save a little toil and trouble to the future competitor for office in the Civil Service. Many ponderous blue books and scattered examination reports have been searched and their pith extracted to make up its eighty odd pages. When these documents (a formidable list of which is given) were not sufficiently clear, personal reference has been made to the Secretary of the Civil Service Commissioners. There is apparently plenty of scope for the candidate (i. e.) if he can get a nomination, for at present the East India writerships are the only thoroughly open appointments in her Majesty's Civil Service. No amount of attain

Exercises in Orthography and Derivation. By

Creek, n. a small inlet

of the sea.

Leek, n. a vegetable.

Reek, v. to steam.
Week, n. seven days.

1. There are fifty-two

Creak, v. to make a

noise.

Leak, v. to run out; ».

a hole in a vessel. Wreak, v. to revenge. Weak, adj. feeble.

in a year.

not accept want of practice as an adequate excuse. Failure in such a position is not only a disgrace, but it may prove extremely hurtful

to your future prospects. This is undoubtedly

true; and without borrowing the customs of American students who put oratorical skill above all learning, the future barrister, clergyman, or member of Parliament, would do well at the University to supplement his Latin, Greek, and mathematics, with a knowledge of what in all probability will prove much more serviceable to him-public speaking.

ments will per se get their possessor a clerktopic at present. Professor Aytoun's purpose ship in the Customs or even in the Police, J. P. Bidlake, B A. London: T. T. Allman, Hol- in this address is to point out the benefits of unless he can get a nomination; in other words, born Hill, 1861. These exercises are designed debating societies. He says, "Really I do not unless his father or his uncle or his cousin has to facilitate the study of Orthography and know where else, beyond the societies, a public some influence with a member of the Govern- Derivation, in a systematic manner, by arrang- speaker can be trained. Obviously it will not ment or a member of parliament, or with some ing the words under distinct heads with refer- do to postpone the work of preparation until one who has influence with a Member of Parlia-ence to their predominant vowel sounds. The you are launched into active life, and find yourment or a member of the Government. It is part devoted to Orthography is arranged on selves compelled to face an audience who will almost certain, however, that these limitations a plan which will be better understood by the will shortly be swept away. Competitive ex- following example of a lesson, than by any amination has been put on its trial amid the description : clamour of many open enemies and the illwishes of still greater numbers who were hidden. England has not become a European China. Lazy decrepid book-worms have not erawled into important posts for which they were totally unfit. All accounts from India now agree in stating that those persons who have won their posts by competitive examination are in every way superior to their predecessors who have been appointed by favour. And, in truth, to any thinking person it was plain from the first that this would be the case. No young man, be his mental acquirements ever so great, can be a candidate for employment in the India Civil Service unless his bodily health be good. What is sought for is the mens sana in corpore sano; and despite the sophisms of dozy Quartelies, we see no reason why both the one and the other should not be found at the same time. It is absurd to urge that when we took no aim we hit the mark tolerably well, and that now when we take the greatest pains to make a good shot, we must necessarily miss the mark altogether. We trust soon to see nominations done wholly away with, as not only unnecessary but mischievous.

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2. A single may sink a ship.
3. There is nothing so strong but it is in danger
from what is
4. The floor under the weight; I fear the

joists are too.

5. Edward I., being determined to

his ven

geance on the Scots, advanced with an army as far
as Burgh-upon-Sauds, near Carlisle, A.D. 1307.
6. In a few.- the rebellion was entirely sup.
pressed.

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7. The boats entered the narrow and destroyed the fort after a defence.

8. When the engagement was over, the ship's
deck
with blood.

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The Orthographical exercises make up the
larger part of the work. That devoted to
derivation, is intended to show how words are
built up from their simplest forms by being
compounded with other words, or by the addi-
tion of prefixes, affixes, and inflexional modi-
fications. A few general rules for orthography,
and a list of some of the more important Saxon,
Latin, and Greek Roots, complete the work,
which contains a large amount of useful infor-
mation on the subjects on which it treats, in
the arrangement of which Mr. Bidlake displays
the clearness and method of a practical and

As we hinted above, the compiler of this manual has done his work judiciously. The specimens of the examination papers are for the most part well chosen. The lists of the salaries are also given; and the candidate will know what he has to expect as his reward should he be successful. He will also discover who are to be his examiners, &c.; and various experienced teacher. lists of books are added by which he may best prepare himself for victory in the examination. The publishers of the manual are by no means backward in recommending their own books; and we do not know that they are to blame for so doing, as the publications recommended are generally both cheap and good. An occasional oversight may be detected. Thus in p. 78 no books for the study of "Latin literature" are recommended; and this though Greek, French, Spanish, German, &c., are duly attended to In recommending Roman histories, we see no reason why that of Dean Liddell, the latest and certainly one of the best hitherto published, shou'd be altogether omitted.

Elaborate preparation of speeches beforehand, except under very special circumstances, Professor Aytoun objects to. Lord Brougham, indeed, as we recollect, says that some of his own most eloquent bursts of oratory were written out and learned by heart days before they were spoken; and that a well-known speaker who endeavoured to detect these extraneous passages failed in every case to do so. Still it must be admitted that these formal recitations too often want freedom, point, and force; and that the speaker's nervous attempts at recollecting the written words, betray him in nine cases out of ten.

OUR LIBRARY TABLE..

A Sermon Preached to the Younger Members of
the University, at St. Mary's Church, Oxford, on
Friday Evening, March 1. By
the Rev. E. B.
Pusey, D.D., Regius Professor of Hebrew, and
Canon of Christ Church. pp. 19. Oxford and
London: J. H. and Jas. Parker. 1861.—Dr.
Pusey's sermon adverts, warningly and yet tenderly,

to what has been called "the sin of great cities." Our two great English universities, each with their Inaugural Address of W. Edmonstoune hundreds of young men in the hey-day of youth, are, Aytoun, D.C.L., Professor of Rhetoric and we fully believe, wonderfully pure, considering all Belles-Lettres in the University of Edinburgh, circumstances; but there must necessarily be some to the Associated Societies of the University offenders, and for these the present discourse is inof Edinburgh on the occasion of his installa-tended. The writer's words are words of chation as their honorary President. Delivered rity, not less than of most impressive warning. in the Queen St. Hall, March 4, 1861. pp. 23. Analytical Outlines of Latin Syntax, &c., with William Blackwood and Son: Edinburgh and an Appendix on the Latin Prepositions. pp. 41. London. 1861.-The Associated Societies of By A. H. Wratislaw, M.A., Head Master of the the University of Edinburgh answer, we Grammar School, Bury St. Edmund's, and for. believe, in a great measure to the Unions of merly Fellow and Tutor of Christ's College, CamOxford and Cambridge. Like these latter, bridge. Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. 1861.-The the Scotch associations flourish with the sanc- purpose of the author in writing these pages has tion and under the shelter of the University; is to say, to make Latin grammar serve more than been to treat the Latin syntax scientifically; that without being directly amenable to the official it ordinarily is made to do for increasing the knowMitford's History of Greece, again-a very University control. At both Oxford and Cam-ledge of English grammar. That there is more or amusing work, we admit-is so incorrect, that bridge the President of the Union is elected less connection between the elements of all the Indowe think it would be dangerous for a young merely for a term, and makes no formal inau- European languages is now admitted generally by student to rely on it in a competitive examina- guratory speech. At Edinburgh, on the other philologists, and a scientific study of the grammar ton. Grote's admirable work is wholly passed hand, the head presiding genius of the associ- of any one of these languages may be made greatly over, but in its place we have that of Goldsmith. ated societies is elected (apparently) for a year, to conduce to a general knowledge of them. Mr. Grote's Greece is no doubt costly and volu- and he perorates on some topic or other to be Wratislaw has, moreover, done good service in colminous, but it may be procured from a library chosen by himself. Professor Aytoun says he lecting together in these pages a number of idioms and read in portions. Indeed we have seen would have felt more at ease had he not had and phrases which hitherto have only been found questions in the India Civil Service Examina- this liberum arbitrium, or free choice of a sub-in separate, and sometimes costly, works. tions which could scarcely be answered properly ject, allowed him; and by what we may perhaps The Voice; or, the Art of Singing. By the without its aid. We might make several other consider a rhetorical artifice, he asks, at the Rev. W. W, Cazalet, M.A., Cantab. corrections, or at least suggestions, as to the commencement of his speech, his audience London: Addison, Hollier, & Lucas. 1861.— justice of the choice of the books indicated in what topic he shall select. Finally he chooses these pages, but as the candidate will nearly oratory, &c., for his subject, and we have always have to seek the aid of a competent little doubt convinced his audience, by the tutor in order to ensure success in the more excellence of his speech, that he had made a difficult examinations, we need not enter into good choice. further details. We see, moreover, that the list of examiners is not altogether correct. This, however, is a very minor point.

The science of oratory has of late been so much spoken of, and so often written on, that we may be excused from entering into this

Pp. 70. tion as an accomplished elocutionist. The little Mr. Cazalet enjoys, we believe, considerable reputamanual before us is, for the most part, practically and ingeniously written, and well fitted to teach tyros the use of that marvellous musical instrument

the voice.

Military Education in Connection with the Unisities. pp. 19. By James Baker, LieutenantColonel, Cambridge University Volunteers. Mac

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millan & Co. 1861.-In this pamphlet, dedicated and 15. The text by William Howitt (Cassell & fessor of the University told me that, being in conto the Vice-Chancellor, Lieutenant-Colonel Baker, Co.); "The Educational Record," No 51; "Cas- ference one day with the Minister of Public Inhimself an Undergraduate of Magdalen College, sell's Popular Natural History," Parts 23, 24. 25 struction, the latter broke off the conversation argues that the educational advantages of the Uni- (Cassell & Co.); "What is Education?" By Mr. all of a sudden, took out his watch, looked at it, versities might be most beneficially extended to the Campbell (Warren, Hall, & Co.); "The Outram and said with a sort of pride, Gentlemen, at the military profession. Mr. Baker enters into the Testimonial" (Smith, Elder, & Co.); "The Tongue hour now marked by this watch, the whole of the question of college expenses at some length, but of the Swearer: a Suffolk Story." By the Rev. C. pupils in France, in a certain class, are engaged in hardly proves, we think, that the less wealthy can- B. Tayler, M.A., Rector of Otley, (Wertheim, a certain composition.' This puerile satisfaction didates for the army could avail themselves to any Mackintosh, & Hunt); "Cassell's Illustrated Family has nothing astonishing in a country where people very great extent of the advantages of the Univer- Bible," Part 23 (Cassell & Co.); "The Ladies' settle by decree the diapason of all the musical insities as they are at present constituted. Mr. Treasury," edited by Mrs. Warren. No. 50. struments in France. I am a great admirer of Baker must recollect that the sizarships and scho- (Cassell & Co.) Several of these works we hope regularity in machinery, but I value it much less larships of which he speaks so glowingly are hereafter to notice at length. in politics; for after all, man, according to my limited, and would go but a small way among the view, is not meant to move like a piece of mahundreds of young men whom he would invite from chinery."-Correspondent of the "Globe." our military schools to the Universities. At the same time, the active way in which the Volunteer movement has been taken up at Cambridge and Oxford makes them in many ways more eligible places for military training than they have hitherto been; and it would be greatly to the advantage of the Universities if they could number more military men among their pupils than they do at present. Lessons on the Book of Genesis: intended for the use of Parents and Sunday School Teachers. pp. 90. By John Burbidge, Incumbent of St. Stephen's Church, Sheffield. London: Wertheim, Macintosh, & Hunt. 1861. A plain, simple little manual, which will be found serviceable by Sunday School Teachers and others.

Contes Faciles. A Selection from modern French writers, for the use of children. pp. 219. By the Author "Amy Herbert." London: Longman & Co. 1861.-Miss Sewell's name attached to any book for children is, in itself, a tower of strength. These selections (which would have been improved by some annotations from the pen of the editor) are very well chosen, being suggestive

as well as varied.

PSALM CII. 25-27.

Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the
foundation of the earth; and the heavens
are the work of thy hands. They shall
perish, but thou shalt endure; they all
shall wax old as doth a garment; and as
a vesture shalt thou change them, and
they shall be changed; but thou art the
same and thy years shall not fail.
Τῆσδε γῆς ἔθηκας εδάφη, Κύρι' ἐξ ἀρχῆς καλῶς,
kal XEрŴY TEXÍμAT' Cσtly oupavòs TWY OWV μéyas.
oupavou d' uws peivovтos úσpaλŵs σú y' èuμeveis
ή δίκην ἐσθητὸς αἰπὺς οὐρανὸς γηράσεται,
εἵμαθ ̓ ὡς πτύξεις ἐκεῖνον μεταβαλεῖς τε παντελῆ,
ἀλλ ̓ ἀεὶ μένεις ἄρ ̓ αὑτὸς, οὐδὲ μὴ κλίπῃ χρόνος.

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RECOGNITION OF VICTOR EMMANUEL AS KING OF ITALY.-The notification to the British Government of the assumption of the title King of Italy" by Victor Emmanuel II. was made by the Sardinian Ambassador at this Court on the 19th ult. The recognition of the King of Italy took place on the 30th of the same month, when Lord John Russell wrote to the Marquis d'Azeglio:We have also received Parts 33, 34, 35, 36, 37," Having laid your communication before Her 38 of "Blackie's Comprehensive History of Eng- Majesty the Queen, I am commanded to state to land," (Blackie & Son); "Education: a Lec- you, that Her Majesty, acting on the principle of ture by David Nasmith," (George Philip & respecting the independence of the nations of Son); "A Report of the Proceedings at the Annual Europe, will receive you as the Envoy of Victor Distribution of Prizes at the Liverpool Institute," Emmanuel II. King of Italy.” (Longman & Co.); "Cassell's Illustrated Family FRENCH CENTRALIZATION.-M. Odilon Barrot, Paper," Part 40 (Cassell, Petter, & Galpin); "Cas- in a pamphlet on centralization, in France, relates sell's Illustrated History of England," Parts 13, 14, an auecdote illustrative of the system:-"A Pro

LORD GRANVILLE ON POPULAR EDUCATION.The Pelly Memorial Schools at West Ham, Essex, were opened on Wednesday by Lord Granville. The noble Earl, in the course of his speech, referred to the report of the Education Commissioners, remarking that nothing more conclusively showed the fallacy that the poor were indifferent to the education of their children than the evidence accumulated by the Commissioners. Of this evidence some was amusing, some was pathetic. Of the asked what he thought of education, pointed to the first kind was the case of a carter, who, on being horse he was driving, and replied, "If I had been educated, instead of driving this horse I should be riding him." He should have liked to have heard the answer of the Commissioners to the young woman who, to a similar question, said, “I don't know how you would like to have all your loveletters read and written by another person." The last case which he would mention was that of a widow of a cabman working day and night to place five children at school. These instances sufficiently showed the value set by parents of poorer classes on education--a feeling which would continue to increase, and by its increase solve the difficulties of popular education at the present moment.

OXFORD LOCAL EXAMINATIONS.-The London

Local Committee have engaged Willis's Rooms. King Street, St. James's, for the examination at this centre. The total number of Candidates entered in London is 237, viz., 94 Seniors and 143 Juniors. The examination will commence on Tuesday, May 28th.

CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL.

The results of the Examinations of the Students from the various Training Colleges, who were Candidates for the Certificates of Merit of the Privy Council at Christmas last, have been published. The following Table shows the classes obtained, the number of successful Candidates, and the number of failures from each Training School :

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