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DEAN-The Rev. G. A. Jacob, D.D., Worcester College, Oxford; Head Master of Christ's Hospital.
MODERATOR FOR CLASSICS-Wm. Smith, Esq., LL.D., Classical Examiner in the University of London.
MODERATOR FOR MATHEMATICS-The Rev. C. Pritchard, M.A., F.R.S.; late Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge.

MODERATOR FOR SCIENCE AND ART--Dr. L. Playfair, C.B., F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry in the University of Edinburgh, late Inspector-General of the
Department of Science and Art.

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Rev. G. A. Jacob, D.D., F.C.P., Worcester College, Oxford.
Rev. J. Selby Watson, M.A., F.C.P., M.R.S.L.
Rev. J. J. Perowne, M.A., King's College, London.
J. Wingfield, Esq., B.A. Christ's Hospital
John Robson, Esq., B.A., Lond., Barrister-at-Law.

Rev. C. Pritchard, M.A., F.R.S., St. John's College, Camb.
W. Lethbridge, Esq., M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge.
Rev. R. H. Wright, M.A., Ashford Grammar School.
Rev. W. C. Izard, M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge.
Rev. T. J. Potter, M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge.
(Rev. C. Pritchard, M.A., F.R.S., St. John's College, Camb.
W. J. Reynolds, Esq., M.A., Queen's College, Cambridge.
Rev. S. Newth, M.A., New College, London.

(W. J. Reynolds, Esq., M.A., Queen's College, Cambridge. T. Kimber, Esq., M.A. Lond., L.C.P.

L. Stièvenard, Lecturer, King's College, London.

Professor Marzials, Wellington College.

M. Wattez, L.C.P., King's College, London.

Mr. Chapman, Christ's Hospital.

Professor Wintzer, King's College, London.

Karl Schaible, Ph.D., M.D., L.C.P., Examiner in the University of London.

Falck Lebahn, Ph.D.

Professor Arrivabene, University College, London.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND Professor Masson, M.A., University College, London.
C. P. Mason, Esq., B.A. Lond.
LITERATURE
(J. P. Bidlake, Esq., B.A. Lond., F.C.P.

The College of Preceptors was incorporated in 1849, by Royal Charter, "for the purpose of promoting sound learning and of advancing the interests of Education, more especially among the middle classes." The principal means employed to secure these objects are: 1st. The periodical examination of teachers and of pupils. 2nd. The union of teachers of every class in a corporate body, so that they may have a recognized position on a par with that enjoyed by the other learned professions. 3rd. The making of provision for the families of deceased, aged, and poor members. 4th. The providing of a medium of communication between Principals of Schools and Assistants of good character and attainments. 5th. The periodical bringing together of teachers for the discussion of subjects in which the scholastic profession is interested. The annual subscription is One Guinea. There is no

HEBREW AND ORIENTAL LANGUAGES ..............

HISTORY

SCRIPTURE HISTORY

......

NATURAL HISTORY :Geology, Mineralogy, Physiology, and Botany GEOGRAPHY.....

CHEMISTRY

EXAMINERS.

Dr. L. Loewe, M.R.A.S., late Principal of the Jew's Col-
lege, London.

Rev. R. Wilson, D.D., St. John's College, Cambridge.
K. Kalisch, Ph.D., Berlin.

Prof. Christmas, M.A., F.R.S., Royal Society of Literature.
Rev. W. T. Jones, M.A., F.C.P., Queen's Coll., Cambridge.
C. P. Mason, Esq., B.A., Fellow of Univ. College, London.
CH. F. Bowker, Esq., Christ's Hospital.

Rev. R. Wilson, D.D., F.C.P., St. John's Coll. Cambridge.
Rev. W. T. Jones, M.A., F.C.P., Queen's Coll., Cambridge.
Rev. P. Smith, B.A. Lond.

Rev. W. F. Greenfield, M.A., Dulwich College.

(Dr. Lankester, F.R.S., F.L.S., etc., New College, London.
Professor Tennant, F.G.S., F.R.G.S., King's Coll., London.
(A. K. Isbister, Esq., M.A., University of Edinburgh.
(W. McLeod, Esq., F.R.G.S., Royal Mil. Asylum, Chelsea
{W. Hughes, Esq., F.R.G.S., King's College, London.

Professor Miller, M.D., F.R.S., King's College, London. J. P. Bidlake, Esq., B.A. Lond., F.C.P., F.C.S. (J. C. Buckmaster, Esq., South Kensington Museum. MORAL AND POLITICAL (Professor Hoppus, LL.D., F.R.S., Univ. College, London. PHILOSOPHY (T. S. Baynes, Esq., LL.D., Examiner in Univ. of London.

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CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL Professor Leoni Levi, King's College. T. B. O'Feily, LL.B., Queen's Univ., Ireland; Gray's Inn. (J. Haddon, Esq., M.A., King's College, London.

LAW

DRAWING

MUSIC

entrance fee. A single payment of Ten Guineas confers
the privilege of Life Membership.

All persons engaged in education are admissible as
Members of the Corporation; and persons desirous of
joining it, or of promoting its objects, may, on application
to the Secretary, obtain all necessary information, to-
gether with copies of the Bye-Laws, and of the Regula-
tions respecting the Examinations of Candidates for the
College Diplomas, and of the Pupils of Schools in Union
with the College.

The Charter empowers the College to hold Examinations and to grant Diplomas and Certificates of Proficiency to such persons of both sexes as have passed the Examinations satisfactorily.

The Examinations of Pupils are held twice in each year, beginning on the third Monday in May, and on the third Monday in November. The First Class Certificates

H.A. Bowler, Esq., Art Inspector, S. Kensington Museum. J. L. Kenworthy, Esq., L.C.P., Roy. Mil. Asylum, Chelsea. H. Hagreen, Esq., Dep. of Art, South Kensington Museum. J. C. Ogle, Esq., West Brompton.

T. C. Dibden, Esq., Banstead.

E. F. Rimbault, LL.D., F.S.A.

Dr. Steggall.

H. T. Leftwich, Esq., M.R.A.M.

of the College are recognized by the Royal College of Surgeons of England as exempting their possessors from the preliminary literary examination recently instituted by that body, the conducting of which has been entrusted to the Board of Examiners of the College of Preceptors. The Pharmaceutical Society likewise grants a similar exemption to those who have passed the College Examinations.

The Examinations for the College Diplomas also take place twice a-year, in the Midsummer and in the Christmas Vacations. These examinations are arranged with special reference to the requirements and circumstances of School-Assistants; and one of their distinctive features is, that the theory and practice of education is included in them as a leading and indispensable subject. Monthly Meetings of the Meribers are held for the reading and discussion of Papers. educational subjects.

JOHN ROBSON, B.A., Secretary.

EDUCATIONAL TIMES. SUBSCRIPTIONS.

-

--

-

COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS.-Incor- sions, &c. with the Examination Papers for Civil Service, of several hundred books, selected especially for rewards.

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WANTED A SCHOOLMASTER.

Of unexceptional character, without family.
The Salary to be recommended to the Poor Law Board
will be £5 per annum, and any excess beyond that sum
allowed by th. Committee of Council on Education, with
the usual Racons from the House, Lodging and Washing.
The duties r quired of him may be known on application
to the Master and must conform in all respects to the
orders of the or Law Board. A Master accustomed to
Industrial Training will be preferred.

Applicants for the Office must attend the Board at the
Workhouse, on Wednesday, the 8th of May instant, at
One o'clock in the Afternoon, at their own expense.

Testimonials as to Character and Qualifications must

be left at the Clerk's Office, in the Workhouse, on or before

Tuesday, the 7th of May, 1861. And Note, that no Canvass-

ing of the Guardians will be allowed.

By order of the Board.

CHARLES HORTON PULLEY,

April 24th, 1861.

Cleri: to the Guardians,

Hackney Union, Homerton; and 28, Great Winchester

Street, Old Broad Street, London.

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THE CLASSIFIED BIBLE: The entire

contents of the Bible Analysed, Classified, and
Scripture respecting each Fact and Truth may be seen at
placed under distinct heads, so that the actual words of
once, and read in Consecutive Order.

Edited by JOHN EADIE, D.D., LL.D., author of the
"Biblical Cyclopædia," to be completed in Fifteen Monthly
Parts, price 6d. each. The first Part is now ready.
London: W. WESLEY, Queen's Head Passage, Pater-

noster Row.

In Crown Octavo, price 6s.,

HANDBOOK OF GEOLOGICAL TERMS

AND GEOLOGY.

By DAVID PAGE, F.G.S.,
Author of "Text-Books of Geology."

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD and SONS, Edinburgh & London.

THE REV. H. MUSGRAVE WILKINS'S
NEW GREEK DELECTUS.
New Edition, in 12mo, price 4s. cloth,

and Oxford Examination Papers. By J. WHARTON, A PROGRESSIVE GREEK DELEC-

Also, Fourth Edition, Corrected,
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN THE LOGICAL

ARITHMETIC. Price 6d.

C. F. HODGSON, 1, Gough Square, Fleet Street.

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WILKINS'S ANTHOLOGIA GRÆCA, or New Pro-
gressive Greek Reading-Book In the press.
WILKINS'S NOTES FOR LATIN LYRICS, Third

Edition, 4s. 6d.

London: Longman, GREEN, LONGMAN, and ROBERTS.

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feudal system which have never been abolished, old heroic ballads and legendary tales,
and intimately connected as it is with that sys- abounds with allusions which can only be
tem, a knowledge of it is calculated to eluci- fully understood by one acquainted with the
date history by presenting to our notice many terms of heraldry.

of the customs peculiar to the early inhabitants I cannot, certainly, agree with the son of
of Europe.
Randal Holme, one of Queen Elizabeth's
heralds, and say, of the man ignorant of
heraldry, that he is

When this continent was emerging from a state of barbarism, and a general ignorance of written language prevailed, heraldic devices were designed to record the achievements of The Royal Commissioners and Christ's Hospital......... 37 the noble and the brave. They embellished

University Intelligence............

... 34 ............... 35 36

College of Preceptors: Meeting of Council. &c.

...

Proposed Endowed Schools: Parliamentary Inquiry
Correspondence:-W. H.;-G. Herbert; - Cantab;--

37

"Neither art's nor learning's friend, But an empty, brainless sot;"

the shield, the banner, and the vestment of the for I wish it to be distinctly understood that I knight; they were embroidered on the robes do not over-rate its importance, but simply M. C. P................................................................ 37 and mantles of the ladies; and formed decora- maintain that inasmuch as it is a means of .......... 38tions, the most estimable, in the dwellings of exercising the intellect, it cannot be wholly valueless. Certificate Examinations of the Privy Council ..........42 the great. Educational and Literary Summary of the Month Monthly Record of Science and Art...........................43

Reviews and Notices of Books.............

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Foreign Notes .......
44
Mathematical Questions and Solutions .......................................................... 45
List of College and School Books

46

43 In the hall of the fortified castle were dis- It is not my duty at present to give a lecture
played, pensile against the spacious walls, the on the origin and principles of the science, but
shields and helmets of its warrior lord, a me- briefly to show, by a few examples and the aid
mento of the past, a stimulus for the future. of the diagrams on the walls, how it can be
When we remember the early connection considered an auxiliary to the study of bio-
of heraldry with the sister sciences of archi-graphy and history. In so doing I shall con-
tecture, sculpture, and painting, as well as its fine myself chiefly to our national insignia.
inseparable association with the history and
antiquities of our country, it will not excite
surprise that men eminently distinguished for
their erudition and abilities should, in all ages
since its origin, have devoted much of their
time and attention to its cultivation.

Answers to Correspondents. ................................... 46 The Educational Times.

COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, FOURTH EVENING MEETING. APRIL 3RD.

Ensigns and flags were of early introduction among the nations of the world; we find them represented on the walls of the temples of ancient Thebes, and in the Mosaic record we find this injunction, "That every man of the children of Israel should pitel by his own standard with the ensigns of his father's

As chivalry declined, the study of heraldry THE attendance on this occasion was far became gradually neglected, and an art which house." smaller than was expected; but those who had for centuries formed a part of the education of princes, and had occupied the thoughts were present were amply repaid for any trouble of the most learned men in Europe, was abanthat they might have taken, by the in-doned to the coach-painter and the undertaker, teresting nature of the Paper read, and by and stigmatized as "the science of fools with the beautiful display of armorial bearings long memories." "For him, however, who with which Mr. Bidlake had adorned the walls can decipher it," says Victor Hugo, "heraldry is a language, an algebra,-a science, which, of the Council-room. rightly studied, will make fools wise; the whole history of the second half of the middle ages is written in its symbols, as that of the preceding period is recorded in the symbols of the Romish church."

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Ix introducing to your notice a subject of necessity so antiquarian in its character, I am well aware I expose myself to the objections of those, who, constantly engaged in strictly utilitarian pursuits, seldom bestow a thought on the past, unless it be to subserve some present interest. To them, I would say in the words of Disraeli, "Every species of study contributes to the perfection of human knowledge by that universal bond which connects them all in a philosophic mind." Granting, too, that a knowledge of heraldry, like other antiquarion knowledge, is trifling, nay, even worthless in itself, yet it is incidentally useful, as it often helps to illustrate more important matters. Although the age of chivalry is gone, the feelings which gave it birth still glow with the same warmth as ever, and will endure so long as truth and honour, freedom and courtesy, are held in men's esteem.

Changing the figure, we may say with Burke,The registry of its birth may be found among the archives of the holy wars; its cradle was rocked by the soldiers of the cross; and its nativity attained in those extraordinary times of reality and romance, of barbarism and civilization-more barbarous than civilized-when feudalism, allying itself with chivalry, was enabled to reburnish its iron crown and to prolong its herculean despotism to another age; to lull but not to smother the breathings of popular opinion, at the outburst of which, the whole feudal fabric in its greatness and its grandeur, its massiveness and might, was destined, like another Jericho, to crumble into ruins."

Some of the national emblems of ancient days were connected with the mystic figures of prophetic vision or the objects of idolatrous worship. Thus the winged human-headed lions and bulls of As yria symbolized the omnipotence, omniscience, and omnipresence of the Deity. The ox and sphinx of Egypt, the goat of Macedon, the owl of Athens, the pegasus of Corinth, the eagle of Rome, the crescent of Byzantium, with the white horse of the Saxon, the raven of the Dane, and the leopards of the Norman, must occur to the remembrance of

all.

The first mention of banners in English affairs is made by Bede, who records their use in the processions of Augustine and his forty monks on occasion of their interview with Ethelbert of Kent.

We find, at a later period, that all the monasteries in England had banners laid up in their wardrobes to be produced on the great festivals. These were sometimes allowed to be taken from the monastery and displayed on the field of conflict.

Thus at Ripon there was the banner of St. Wilfred; at Beverley, that of St. John. King Edward 1. is recorded as having paid one of the monks 8d. per day while carrying the latter banner in his army, and Id. per day "The language of heraldry," says a recent while taking it back to the monastery. writer, "though occasionally barbarous in Both these banners were displayed in the sound and appearance, is always peculiarly field at Northallerton, in the reign of Stephen. expressive: and a practice in composition in- The fight is known historically as the Battle volving habitual conciseness and precision in of the Standard. their most attainable degree, and in which In the centre of a car on four wheels was tautology is viewed as fatally detrimental, may fixed a mast, having at the top a large crucifix, insensibly benefit the student on other more and decorated lower down with the banners of important occasions. English saints. Around this sacred ensign was stationed a band of valiant archers from the woodlands of Yorkshire, Nottingham, and Lincoln.

"It was chivalry," says Edmund Burke, "which, without confounding ranks, produced To some, the symbols of the herald will a noble equality, and handed it down through serve as a kind of memoria technica, through all the gradations of social life. It was chi- the power of mental association, while the devalry which mitigated kings into companions, ciphering of its devices will furnish a rational and raised private individuals to fellowship amusement to those who desire to relax with kings. Without force or opposition, it their minds in the intervals of more serious subdued the fierceness of pride and power; it studies. obliged sovereigns to submit to the soft yoke of social esteem; compelled stern authority to submit to elegance; and caused the vanquisher of laws to be ruled by manners." Heraldry is one of those appendages to the

The sculptured block, or the emblazoned
shield, often speaks when the records of history
are silent.

The poetry of Chaucer and of Spenser, of
Shakespere and of Scott, not to mention our

Another consecrated bauner of this sort, called St. Cuthbert's, "at sight of which," says the old chronicler, "all foes do flee," was carried, together with that of St. William, to the fight at Flodden. This banner, at the Reformation, fell into the hands of the Dean of Durham, a zealous reformer, whose wife put it, with the relics it enclosed, behind the fire.

The oriflamme of France, of which so much

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