DEAN-The Rev. G. A. Jacob, D.D., Worcester College, Oxford; Head Master of Christ's Hospital. MODERATOR FOR SCIENCE AND ART--Dr. L. Playfair, C.B., F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry in the University of Edinburgh, late Inspector-General of the Rev. G. A. Jacob, D.D., F.C.P., Worcester College, Oxford. Rev. C. Pritchard, M.A., F.R.S., St. John's College, Camb. (W. J. Reynolds, Esq., M.A., Queen's College, Cambridge. T. Kimber, Esq., M.A. Lond., L.C.P. L. Stièvenard, Lecturer, King's College, London. Professor Marzials, Wellington College. M. Wattez, L.C.P., King's College, London. Mr. Chapman, Christ's Hospital. Professor Wintzer, King's College, London. Karl Schaible, Ph.D., M.D., L.C.P., Examiner in the University of London. Falck Lebahn, Ph.D. Professor Arrivabene, University College, London. ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND Professor Masson, M.A., University College, London. The College of Preceptors was incorporated in 1849, by Royal Charter, "for the purpose of promoting sound learning and of advancing the interests of Education, more especially among the middle classes." The principal means employed to secure these objects are: 1st. The periodical examination of teachers and of pupils. 2nd. The union of teachers of every class in a corporate body, so that they may have a recognized position on a par with that enjoyed by the other learned professions. 3rd. The making of provision for the families of deceased, aged, and poor members. 4th. The providing of a medium of communication between Principals of Schools and Assistants of good character and attainments. 5th. The periodical bringing together of teachers for the discussion of subjects in which the scholastic profession is interested. The annual subscription is One Guinea. There is no HEBREW AND ORIENTAL LANGUAGES .............. HISTORY SCRIPTURE HISTORY ...... 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A single payment of Ten Guineas confers All persons engaged in education are admissible as The Charter empowers the College to hold Examinations and to grant Diplomas and Certificates of Proficiency to such persons of both sexes as have passed the Examinations satisfactorily. The Examinations of Pupils are held twice in each year, beginning on the third Monday in May, and on the third Monday in November. The First Class Certificates H.A. Bowler, Esq., Art Inspector, S. Kensington Museum. J. L. Kenworthy, Esq., L.C.P., Roy. Mil. Asylum, Chelsea. H. Hagreen, Esq., Dep. of Art, South Kensington Museum. J. C. Ogle, Esq., West Brompton. T. C. Dibden, Esq., Banstead. E. F. Rimbault, LL.D., F.S.A. Dr. Steggall. H. T. 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SUBSCRIPTIONS. - -- - Post Office Orders to be made payable to "Mr. C. F Hodgson, 1, Gough Square, Fleet Street, E.C."-Subscribers who have not already paid their subscriptions, are respectfully requested to EDUCATIONAL TIMES. - All communications EDUCATIONAL TIMES.-ADVERTISEMENTS.- Advertisements may be sent to No. 1, Gough Examples. For the Use of Schools and Families, and AND DESIGN; or, Pencilled Copies and Easy S SHAKSPEARE'S JULIUS CESAR; With Copious Interpretation of the Text; Critical the History on which the Play is founded. Adapted for Scholastic or Private Study; and especially for the guidance of Persons qualifying for the Middle-Class Examinations. By the Rev. JOHN HUNTER, M.A., CONTENTS:-No. 1. Straight Lines and Combinations of Straight Lines;-No. 2. Rectilineal Figures;-No. 3. Curves;-No. 4. Outlines of Familiar Objects;-No. 5. Shaded Figures;-No. 6. Introduction to Perspective; Rustic Figures;-No. 10. Ornament;-No. 11 Flowers;- Second Edition. just published, 12mo, cloth, price 3s., SENIOR CLASSES; Comprising numerous gradu- ated Examples in Fractions, Surds, Equations, Progres- Staff, and Artillery Appointments, College of Preceptors, London University, and Oxford and Cambridge Middle By the same Author, just published, price 1s. 6d. THE FIRST BOOK OF MILTON'S PARADISE LOST, adapted as above for Middle-Class Candidates. London: LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, and ROBERTS. COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS.-Incor- sions, &c. with the Examination Papers for Civil Service, of several hundred books, selected especially for rewards. porated in 1919, by Royal Charter, "for the purpose | of promoting sound learning and of advancing the interests of Education, more especially among the middle classes." All persons engaged in education are admissible as Members of the College; and Gentlemen desirous of joining, it or of promoting its objects, may obtain all with the College, on application at the Offices, 42, Queen THE KEY; containing Complete Solu- tions to the Questions in the Examples in Algebra the COLLEGE of PRECEPTORS offers great and peculiar advantages both to those who require Assistants, and to gentlemen who desire to obtain Engagements. The Regulations may be obtained on application at the Offices, 42, Queen Square, W.C. Pupils' Midsummer Examination will commence on Monday, May the 20th, at 10 p.m. All fees must be paid before the commencement of the examination. WANTED A SCHOOLMASTER. Of unexceptional character, without family. Applicants for the Office must attend the Board at the Testimonials as to Character and Qualifications must be left at the Clerk's Office, in the Workhouse, on or before Tuesday, the 7th of May, 1861. And Note, that no Canvass- ing of the Guardians will be allowed. offered to the profession only at a discount varying from THE CLASSIFIED BIBLE: The entire contents of the Bible Analysed, Classified, and Edited by JOHN EADIE, D.D., LL.D., author of the In Crown Octavo, price 6s., By DAVID PAGE, F.G.S., WILLIAM BLACKWOOD and SONS, Edinburgh & London. THE REV. H. MUSGRAVE WILKINS'S and Oxford Examination Papers. By J. WHARTON, A PROGRESSIVE GREEK DELEC- Also, Fourth Edition, Corrected, A New Edition, in 12mo, price 3s. 6d. cloth, for the use of Schools. By the Rev. B. H. KENNEDY, D.D., Head Master of Shrewsbury School. Also by the Rev DR. KENNEDY, New Editions. KENNEDY'S TIROCINIUM; or, First Latin Reading. KENNEDY'S SECOND LATIN READING-BOOK, KENNEDY'S CHILD'S LATIN PRIMER......12mo, 25. KENNEDY'S LATIN VOCABULARY. on Etymological PALESTRA STILI LATINI; or, Materials for Trans- lation into Latin Prose, selected and progressively CURRICULUM STILI LATINI: A Course of Examples for Practice in the Style of the best Latin Prose KENNEDY'S ELEMENTS of GREEK GRAMMAR, Now ready in 1 vol. 12mo, price 4s. 6d. boards, or with Answers, 5s. 6d.; the Answers separately, 1s.; the [ONEY UPON MORTGAGE OR N.A.. Head Master of Chesterfield Grammar School, a rate of New Edition, revised and improved. interest in different suns for a term of years to be agreed PART the FIRST, containing upon. Also some smaller sums upon approved personal securities, Farming Stock, Post Obit Bonds, Bills of Sale, Deposit of Deeds, Machinery, or money advanced upon the personal security of Noblemen, Clergymen, Gentlemen, Officers in the Army and Navy, or responsible tradesmen. "The Delectus is carefully the excellence of Mr. Wil- and usefully drawn up, and kins's Progressive Greek De- possesses several great ad- lectus: it is infinitely supe- vantages."-Rev. W. OXEN-rior to the old unphiloso- HAM, Second Master of Har-phical Greek Delectus, full 'It seems to me just the be greatly for the benefit thing that was wanted, and of their pupils to have we shall adopt it at once."-studied, if ever they quit Rev. W. WOOD, Subwarden their preparatory institu- of Radley, near Oxford. tion for the larger arena of Rev. G. BUTLER, Vice-Prin- WILKINS'S ANTHOLOGIA GRÆCA, or New Pro- London: Longman, GREEN, LONGMAN, and ROBERTS. On Thursday, next, in Svo, with Portrait and Fac-similes, M.A., Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge from 1792 to 1808. By the Rev. JOHN SELBY London: LONGMAN, GREEN, Longman, and ROBERTS. PART II. Fractions, Deci- TON'S MODERN INSTRUCTIONS for the PIANO- mals, Practice, Proportion FORTE. 48; Hamilton's Modern Instructions for Singing traction of Roots, Scales 19th edition, 5s.; Hamilton's Dictionary of 3500 Musical of Notation, Book-keep- Rudiments of Music, 65th edition, 1s.-N.B. Gratis and Terms, 63rd edition, 1s.; Clark's Catechism on the &c. 3s. 6d., or with AN post-free, a catalogue of new school music, also a list of feudal system which have never been abolished, old heroic ballads and legendary tales, of the customs peculiar to the early inhabitants I cannot, certainly, agree with the son of When this continent was emerging from a state of barbarism, and a general ignorance of written language prevailed, heraldic devices were designed to record the achievements of The Royal Commissioners and Christ's Hospital......... 37 the noble and the brave. They embellished University Intelligence............ ... 34 ............... 35 36 College of Preceptors: Meeting of Council. &c. ... Proposed Endowed Schools: Parliamentary Inquiry 37 "Neither art's nor learning's friend, But an empty, brainless sot;" the shield, the banner, and the vestment of the for I wish it to be distinctly understood that I knight; they were embroidered on the robes do not over-rate its importance, but simply M. C. P................................................................ 37 and mantles of the ladies; and formed decora- maintain that inasmuch as it is a means of .......... 38tions, the most estimable, in the dwellings of exercising the intellect, it cannot be wholly valueless. Certificate Examinations of the Privy Council ..........42 the great. Educational and Literary Summary of the Month Monthly Record of Science and Art...........................43 Reviews and Notices of Books............. Foreign Notes ....... 46 43 In the hall of the fortified castle were dis- It is not my duty at present to give a lecture Answers to Correspondents. ................................... 46 The Educational Times. COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, FOURTH EVENING MEETING. APRIL 3RD. Ensigns and flags were of early introduction among the nations of the world; we find them represented on the walls of the temples of ancient Thebes, and in the Mosaic record we find this injunction, "That every man of the children of Israel should pitel by his own standard with the ensigns of his father's As chivalry declined, the study of heraldry THE attendance on this occasion was far became gradually neglected, and an art which house." smaller than was expected; but those who had for centuries formed a part of the education of princes, and had occupied the thoughts were present were amply repaid for any trouble of the most learned men in Europe, was abanthat they might have taken, by the in-doned to the coach-painter and the undertaker, teresting nature of the Paper read, and by and stigmatized as "the science of fools with the beautiful display of armorial bearings long memories." "For him, however, who with which Mr. Bidlake had adorned the walls can decipher it," says Victor Hugo, "heraldry is a language, an algebra,-a science, which, of the Council-room. rightly studied, will make fools wise; the whole history of the second half of the middle ages is written in its symbols, as that of the preceding period is recorded in the symbols of the Romish church." Ix introducing to your notice a subject of necessity so antiquarian in its character, I am well aware I expose myself to the objections of those, who, constantly engaged in strictly utilitarian pursuits, seldom bestow a thought on the past, unless it be to subserve some present interest. To them, I would say in the words of Disraeli, "Every species of study contributes to the perfection of human knowledge by that universal bond which connects them all in a philosophic mind." Granting, too, that a knowledge of heraldry, like other antiquarion knowledge, is trifling, nay, even worthless in itself, yet it is incidentally useful, as it often helps to illustrate more important matters. Although the age of chivalry is gone, the feelings which gave it birth still glow with the same warmth as ever, and will endure so long as truth and honour, freedom and courtesy, are held in men's esteem. Changing the figure, we may say with Burke,The registry of its birth may be found among the archives of the holy wars; its cradle was rocked by the soldiers of the cross; and its nativity attained in those extraordinary times of reality and romance, of barbarism and civilization-more barbarous than civilized-when feudalism, allying itself with chivalry, was enabled to reburnish its iron crown and to prolong its herculean despotism to another age; to lull but not to smother the breathings of popular opinion, at the outburst of which, the whole feudal fabric in its greatness and its grandeur, its massiveness and might, was destined, like another Jericho, to crumble into ruins." Some of the national emblems of ancient days were connected with the mystic figures of prophetic vision or the objects of idolatrous worship. Thus the winged human-headed lions and bulls of As yria symbolized the omnipotence, omniscience, and omnipresence of the Deity. The ox and sphinx of Egypt, the goat of Macedon, the owl of Athens, the pegasus of Corinth, the eagle of Rome, the crescent of Byzantium, with the white horse of the Saxon, the raven of the Dane, and the leopards of the Norman, must occur to the remembrance of all. The first mention of banners in English affairs is made by Bede, who records their use in the processions of Augustine and his forty monks on occasion of their interview with Ethelbert of Kent. We find, at a later period, that all the monasteries in England had banners laid up in their wardrobes to be produced on the great festivals. These were sometimes allowed to be taken from the monastery and displayed on the field of conflict. Thus at Ripon there was the banner of St. Wilfred; at Beverley, that of St. John. King Edward 1. is recorded as having paid one of the monks 8d. per day while carrying the latter banner in his army, and Id. per day "The language of heraldry," says a recent while taking it back to the monastery. writer, "though occasionally barbarous in Both these banners were displayed in the sound and appearance, is always peculiarly field at Northallerton, in the reign of Stephen. expressive: and a practice in composition in- The fight is known historically as the Battle volving habitual conciseness and precision in of the Standard. their most attainable degree, and in which In the centre of a car on four wheels was tautology is viewed as fatally detrimental, may fixed a mast, having at the top a large crucifix, insensibly benefit the student on other more and decorated lower down with the banners of important occasions. English saints. Around this sacred ensign was stationed a band of valiant archers from the woodlands of Yorkshire, Nottingham, and Lincoln. "It was chivalry," says Edmund Burke, "which, without confounding ranks, produced To some, the symbols of the herald will a noble equality, and handed it down through serve as a kind of memoria technica, through all the gradations of social life. It was chi- the power of mental association, while the devalry which mitigated kings into companions, ciphering of its devices will furnish a rational and raised private individuals to fellowship amusement to those who desire to relax with kings. Without force or opposition, it their minds in the intervals of more serious subdued the fierceness of pride and power; it studies. obliged sovereigns to submit to the soft yoke of social esteem; compelled stern authority to submit to elegance; and caused the vanquisher of laws to be ruled by manners." Heraldry is one of those appendages to the The sculptured block, or the emblazoned The poetry of Chaucer and of Spenser, of Another consecrated bauner of this sort, called St. Cuthbert's, "at sight of which," says the old chronicler, "all foes do flee," was carried, together with that of St. William, to the fight at Flodden. This banner, at the Reformation, fell into the hands of the Dean of Durham, a zealous reformer, whose wife put it, with the relics it enclosed, behind the fire. The oriflamme of France, of which so much |