by the rosy aphis. In the sprayed plat on this date eighteen trees were entirely free from damage by the rosy aphides, and twelve trees had a small number of injured clusters that were largely confined to areas which apparently were not reached by the spray. The conditions of the sprayed and check trees as regards injuries. are given in Table X.

TABLE X.- RESULTS OF SPRAYING AGAINST ROSY APHIS.
Gifford orchard.

Aside from the effects of the nicotine solution on the insects, another result of the spraying was the protection afforded to the foliage from apple scab. The leaves of the sprayed trees on June 21 were flattened and of a deep green color, showing comparative freedom from scab infections. The conditions of the checks at this

time were, however, quite different, a goodly percentage of the foliage being yellowish, curled or otherwise deformed. Many of the leaves were also dropping, chiefly thru attacks of the fungus, altho the rosy aphis was responsible for a small amount of the defoliation.

Test 2. Orchard of C. D. Tabor, Wilson.- This test was made on a plat comprising twenty trees of the variety Baldwin and eight trees of the variety Greening, all of which are about thirty-six years of age. Lime-sulphur solution and nicotine sulphate (Black Leaf 40) was applied on May 1 and 3 respectively, when the buds on the Baldwin trees had mostly opened and the young leaves, altho compact, had extended about one-fourth inch. On the Greenings the buds were somewhat more advanced and occasional young leaves had unfolded. To insure a liberal wetting of the fruit spurs an average of twenty gallons of the spraying mixture was applied to each tree.

Infestation of the buds with aphides was not excessive, altho the young lice were rather evenly distributed over the trees in the proportion of one to eighteen of the creatures to a bud. The rosy and grain aphides were both present, the latter being, as usual in this orchard, the more abundant species. Avena developed rapidly during the month of May but sorbi became more abundant during early June, when its destructive work was quite apparent. Toward the middle of the month leaf and fruit clusters and young fruits on unsprayed trees were badly deformed thru attacks by increasing numbers of the insects. On June 21 the sprayed trees showed only slight attacks from the aphides, and by actual counts on twelve trees infestation by this species varied from two to forty-three centers to a tree. In the unsprayed section of the experiment the lice were more abundant, there being from one hundred five to two hundred sixteen affected fruit and leaf clusters on each tree, see Table XI. The foliage on the checks was noticeable for its lack of vigor and subsequent curling and dropping of many of the leaves. This condition was due to an early infection of apple-scab fungus which was not checked by the schedule of spraying usually followed in this orchard. The trees in the treated plat showed much less evidence of this disease, and for the most part the foliage was healthy, contrasting quite strongly with that of the unsprayed plat.

Test 3. Orchard of B. S. Harwood, Appleton. The experiment comprised a block of thirty-six Greening apples of about fifty-one years of age which have attained an unusual height and a corresponding spread of branches. An application of lime-sulphur and nicotine sulphate (Black Leaf 40) was made on April 27 and 28 at the rate of 27.7 gallons per tree.

When spraying commenced the young buds were well advanced; in some instances the terminals had pushed out about one-half inch and single leaves were spreading. Two species of lice were abundant, which were avena and sorbi. The infestation was not large but the insects were well distributed in the proportions of one to twenty or more to a bud. As the season advanced the numbers of aphides, as indicated by conditions of the checks, increased alarmingly during the months of May and June, causing conspicuous curling of leaves and dwarfing of fruits.

On June 21 comparatively few of the insects were seen in the sprayed plat, but in the untreated portion of the orchard the infestation ranged from three hundred to seven hundred leaf and fruit clusters to each tree, see Table XII. There were also differences in the conditions of the two plats with respect to infection of the foliage with apple scab. Besides the dropping of leaves weakened by attacks of the lice there was considerable defoliation from apple

scab. The ground beneath. the trees was carpeted with the fallen leaves which showed distinctly areas of infection by the fungus. The checks received the usual sprays for scab and codling moth, but these applications did not appear to prevent considerable infection of the leaves by the fungus. The remainder of the orchard was, however, unaffected to any appreciable extent by apple scab, which indicated that the delayed dormant treatment was of considerable benefit in preventing the early establishment of the disease in the foliage on these trees.

Test 4. Orchard of F. L. Backus, Olcott.-A plat of thirty-two Greening trees about twenty-seven years of age was reserved for TABLE XII.- RESULTS OF SPRAYING AGAINST ROSY APHIS.

the test. These were sprayed on April 27 with lime-sulphur solution to which was added arsenate of lead and nicotine sulphate (Black Leaf 40). At this time the buds were compact but the green tissues were projecting nearly one-fourth inch beyond the bud scales. The infestation of the trees with the insects was moderate and averaged between one and eleven of the creatures to a bud. The aphides which were chiefly observed on the lower limbs were largely of the species avena. The rosy aphis was numerous enough, however, to raise a question as to the advisability of treating the entire planting, which led to the decision by the owner to spray all the orchard upon the completion of the experimental operations.

On June 27 the experimental plat was examined and the number of infested clusters on each tree was obtained by count, which showed all but eight of the sprayed trees to be entirely free from aphides. and these contained only from one to four centers of infestation. On the check, situated in the same row, there were 186 infested fruit clusters. The conditions of the different trees are shown in Table XIII.

The entire orchard received the "delayed dormant " application and in addition the usual treatments of the spraying schedule. Few differences were noticed between the sprayed and unsprayed trees on June 21, but the check appeared slightly less thrifty and the leaves showed a somewhat larger number of scab areas than the other trees in the orchard. The fruit when harvested was somewhat scabby, but on the whole there was, as regards the quality of the fruit in this respect, little difference between the check and the sprayed trees.

Test 5. Orchard of H. H. Freeman, Kent.— This entire planting is annually treated with a delayed dormant" spray. There was reserved, however, for the test a block of thirty-eight Greening trees averaging between thirty-one and thirty-six years of age, and of these six trees were reserved as checks.

The plat was sprayed on April 22 with lime-sulphur and nicotine sulphate (Black Leaf 40) in the usual proportions. At this time only a few insects, which were chiefly oat aphides, were on the buds. Immediately after the spraying was completed an examination of the trees indicated that a large percentage of the young lice had been destroyed. As the season advanced few differences were noted in the conditions of the sprayed and unsprayed plats and on June 21