sea.
E. M. S.

are the remains of a College built by

Trinity College, Oxford, as an asylum in which they might securely prosecute their studies, when the City was infested by the Plague; and a few paces from this building stands the Manor-house, a spacious and interesting structure. Of these, with your permission, Mr. Urban, I purpose at a future opportunity, to renew my notice. X.

G considerable considerable size, in the hundred of Bullingdon, county of Oxford, and distant 5 or 6 miles from that city. It appears to have been a place of some importance so early as the time of Edward I.; as we find that John de la Mare was summoned to Parliament, as Baron of Garsington, in the 28th year of that Monarch's reign. Its situation is healthy and pleasant, standing on the summit and declivity of a range of high ground which abuts on the South side of Shot H Richborough Castle, near Sand

over Hill; it has also the advantage of much wood, which, combined with, its irregularity of site, is the cause of great picturesque variety in itself, independent of the beautiful and extensive prospects it enjoys over the adjacent country. The Church is situated at its South-eastern extremity, on a bold and commanding eminence. The Parochial Cross (of which a representation is given in the Frontispiece to this Volume) stands on a green in the most elevated part of the village; it has suffered the substitution of a modern finial to its shaft, but in other respects retains its original appearance: in this View the antient Tower of the Church is seen rising above the trees on the left; between the Church Tower and the Cross, the Whittenham Hills (the Sinodun of the Romans) appear in the distance: at their base the Isis receives the waters of the tributary Thame, and the united stream be comes the Thames. In the distance, on the right of the Cross, are seen the outskirts of the wood and plantations of Nuneham-Courtenay, the elegant seat of Earl Harcourt.

Garsington possesses some interesting specimens of antient domestic architecture: one of these forms the subject of the lower View in the same Plate. I could gain no other information on the spot, than that it was haunted, to corroborate which several incidents were recited; to this opinion I believe it is indebted for the preservation of its surrounding wall, entrance and octangular summer-house, all coëval with the house itself. As the whole, however, is suffering from time and neglect, and probably may not remain entire much longer, the View here attached may not be uninteresting. Near the Church GENT. MAG. July, 1817.'

Mr. URBAN,

June 18. AVING visited the remains of

wich, in the county of Kent, in the month of February, 1816, and recollecting the great importance which was attached to this fortress in the earlier periods of our history, I beg leave to offer you a description of its present state.

The walls, though much dilapi dated, are yet of considerable height, and 12 feet in thickness, enclosing a large piece of corn land, about two acres; and present to the eye a magnificent ruin. The Castle is situated

on

an eminence, overlooking the town of Sandwich, and at a distance of about two miles from it. In its perfect state it appears to have been an exact square, of which only three sides at present remain, the fourth having sunk down with the cliff, The walls are composed of large beach stones and flints, well cemented and interspersed at stated distances, of about four, feet, with layers of Roman brick *. A small silver coin of Julius Cæsar, which was dug up without the walls, is in my possession.

This Castle, according to some Historians, was founded by that Emperor in the year 55; others state it to have been built by Vespasian, as a citadel or defence to the Roman city of Rutupiæ, which formerly stood without the walls upon the adjacent lands; but this Castle is now the only vestige remaining, except the scarcely perceptible remains of the Amphitheatre.

The river Stour, which divides the isle of Thanet from the other part of Kent, rises about a mile belo Richborough; and the sea, which in later years has receded, appears formerly to have flowed up nearly to it. Yours, &c. G.O. P. T. See Bibl. Top. Brit., No. XLII.

COM

COMPENDIUM OF COUNTY HISTORY.

HEREFORDSHIRE.

SITUATION AND EXTENT.

Boundaries. North, Salop. East, Worcester. South, Gloucester and Monmouth. West, Brecknock and Radnor.

Greatest length 38; greatest breadth 35; circumference 120; square 1221 miles.

Province, Canterbury. Diocese, Hereford. Circuit, Oxford.

British Inhabitants.

ANTIENT STATE AND REMAINS.

Silures.

Roman Province. Britannia Secunda.-Stations. Magna, Kentchester ; Ariconium, near Ross; Bravinium, Brandon.

Saxon Heptarchy. Mercia.

Antiquities. Cromlech, called King Arthur's tablet. Clawdd Offa, or Offa's
dyke. HEREFORD CATHEDRAL, College, Black Friers Cross or Stone
Pulpit, White Frier's Cross. Dore and Wigmore Abbeys. Madley
Church crypt.
Cathedral and Canon Peon fonts. Brampton Brian,
Clifford, Buntingdon, Goodrich, Longtown, Lyon's Hall, Wigmore and
Wilton Castles.

In the Cathedral were enshrined the remains of Ethelbert, King of East Anglia, murdered by Offa; and of its Bishop, St. Thomas de Cantilupe, who died 1282, and was the last English Prelate on whom was conferred the honour of canonization. No less than 425 miracles are said to have been performed at his tomb; and so great was his reputation, that his successors changed the antient arms of the see, which were those of St. Ethelbert, to the paternal bearings of Cantilupe, which latter are continued to this day.

At Hereford was a house of Friers of the order of St. Anthony of Vienna, whose principal care was to serve those afflicted with St. Anthony's fire, a disorder so named from the relics of that Saint being considered as particularly efficacious in its cure. They came into England about 1225, and had only one other house (at London) in this kingdom.

At Monnington, in obscurity, Sept. 20, 1415, died and was buried, the enterprising Welsh chieftain, Owen ap Gryffydd fychau, commonly called Owen Glendour.

PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. Rivers. Arrow, Dore, Escle, Frome, Gamar, Garran, Hothny, Leddon, Loden, Lugg, Munnow, Olchron, Pinsley or Oney, Teme, Wadel, Werme, and WYE

"Meander, who is said so intricate to be,

Wye

Has not so many turns and crankling nooks as she." DRAYTON. Inland Navigation. Hereford and Gloucester, Leominster Cauals. river. Eminences and Views. Malvern and Halteril Mountains. Ross Church, Symond's Yate, Wigmore Castle, St. Mary's Knoll. Aconbury, Bradnor, Brierley, Capler, Coppedwood, Creden, Cusop, Darbold, Dinmore, Dog, Doward, Dynedor, Eaton, Frome, Garraway, King Arthur's, Lady Lift, Marcle, Marshey, Mawbach, Saddlebow, Stockley, Tillington, Wall and Wormesley hills.

Natural Curiosities. Scenery of the Wye, particularly at Goodrich Castle, Symond's Yate, and the New Wear.-Richard's Castle bone well, Malvern holy wells.

Seats. Earl of Essex, Lord
Belmont, John Matthews, esq.
Berrington Park, Lady Rodney.
Burghope, Turberville, esq.
Croft, Somerset Davies, esq.
Downton Castle, Richard Payne
Knight, esq.

Lieutenant of the County.

EASTNOR CASTLE, Lord Somers.
Eywood House, Earl of Oxford.
Foxley, Uvedale Price, esq.
Garnons, Sir John Geers Cotterel, bt.
Hampton Court, Richard Arkwright,

esq.

Hare

Harewood, Sir Hungerford Hoskyns,
bart.

Home Lacy, Duchess Dowager of
Norfolk.

Hope End, Sir Henry Tempest, bart.
Kentchurch Court, Richard Philip
Scudamore, esq.

Longworth, Robert Phillips, esq.

Members to Parliament. For the County, 2; Hereford, 2; Leominster, 2;

Weobley, 2; total 8.

Produce. Apples, Pears, Hops, Wool, Cattle, Corn, Wood.

Manufactures. Leather, Gloves, Flannels, Hats, Iron.

POPULATION.

Hundreds, 11; Parishes, 221; Market-towns, 7; Houses, 19,296.
Inhabitants. Males, 46,404; Females, 47,669; total 94,073.

Families employed in Agriculture, 12,599; in Trade, 5,044; in neither, 2,438; total, 20,081.

Baptisms. Males, 1353; Females, 1303.-Marriages, 633.—Burials, Males,

853; Females, 832.

Towns having not less than 1000 inhabitants, viz.

Houses. Inhab.

Hereford(principal city)1,668 7,306 Kington

Leominster
Ledbury
Ross.

.764 3,238 Pembridge..

625

3,136 Bromyard

556

2,261

Houses. Inhab.

Total, Towns, 7; Houses, 4,486; Inhabitants, 19,794.

HISTORY.

A.D. 51, on Coxwall Knoll, near Brampton Brian, Caractacus defeated, his wife, daughters, and brothers, taken prisoners by Ostorius Scapula, the Roman general, to whom Caractacus himself was afterwards delivered by Cartismandua, Queen of the Brigantes.

792, at Sutton Walls, Ethelbert, King of East Anglia, treacherously murdered by Offa, King of Mercia, who had invited him to his palace to marry his daughter.

939, at Hereford, the Britons agreed to pay an increased tribute to Athelstan. 1055, near Hereford, Ranulph, its Earl, defeated, the city afterwards taken,

the cathedral burnt, and its Bishop slain by Gryffydd, Prince of Wales. 1141, Hereford, under William Talbot, its Earl (a partizan of the Empress Maud), taken by Stephen, who entered with great pomp, and sat crowned in the cathedral.

1263, at Hereford, the first act of hostility by the Barons against Henry III.; Peter Aqua Blanca, its Bishop, being seized by them, confined, and afterwards expelled the kingdom.

1265, at Widemarsh, near Hereford, May 28, Prince Edward (afterwards Edward I.), having tired the horses of his guards by racing, jumped on a fresh horse, and escaped from the power of the Earl of Leicester. 1326, at Hereford, the parliament assembled, which, under the influence of the Queen Isabella, and her paramour Mortimer, deposed Edward II.; and by her order Hugh de Spencer the younger, Edward's favourite, and Sir Simon de Reding, hanged, and Edmund Earl of Arundel beheaded. 1401, near Wigmore, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, defeated, and in personal combat taken prisoner by Owen Glendour.

1404, near Leominster, Owen Glendour's army dispersed by Henry Prince of Wales, afterwards Henry V.

1461, at Mortimer's Cross, Feb. 2, Jaspar Earl of Pembroke and Lancastrians defeated, and 3800 men slain by Edward Mortimer, Earl of March (afterwards Edward IV.) when Owen Tudor, husband of Catharine of France, and grandfather to Henry VII. was taken prisoner, and shortly afterwards beheaded at Hereford.

1553, on Curnah Hill, near Leominster, the adherents of Lady Jane Grey defeated

defeated by Hobby Welwayn and Throckmorton, at the head of Mary's partizans. 1643, Hereford given up to Sir William Waller and the parliamentarians, through the cowardice of Sir Richard Cave and Colonel Herbert Price. 1645, Hereford, which had been re-taken by Barnabas Scudamore, successfully defended by him in a siege of above a month against the Earl of Leven and the Scots.

BIOGRAPHY.

Beale, John, philosopher, author on Cyder, 17th century.

Blount, Thomas, author on Manorial Tenures, Orleton (died 1679.)
Breton, John, Bp. of Hereford (died 1275.)

Carpenter, George Lord, general, Victor at Preston, Pitcher's Ocule, 1667.
CLIFFORD, ROSAMUND, mistress of Henry II. Clifford.

Clive, Catharine, comic actress, Hereford, 1711.

Coningsby, Sir Thomas, founder of Hospital at Hereford, Hampton Court (died 1652.)

Cornwall, James, captain, naval hero, Hereford, 1699.

Davies, John, penman and poet, Hereford (died 1618.)

DEVEREUX, ROBERT, Earl of Essex, favourite of Elizabeth, Netherwood,

1567.

Eaton, Adam de, Cardinal, scholar (died 1379.)

Edwin, Mary, Lady Dering, beautiful and amiable, Hereford, 1650.
Ely, Humphrey, Roman Catholic divine (died 1604.)
GARRICK, DAVID, "English Roscius," Hereford, 1716.
Gerthinge, Richard, penman, Hereford, 17th century.
Grandesson, John, Bp. of Exeter, Ashperton (died 1369.)
Guillim, John, herald, Hereford, 1565.

Gwynne, Eleanor, actress, mistress of Charles II. Hereford, 1640.

Hackluyt, Richard, compiler of " Voyages," Eaton, about 1553.

Harley, Hon. Edward, Auditor of the Imprest, benefactor, Brompton Brian,

1664.

Havard, William, song-writer, author of "Banks of the Lugg," Hereford,

1734.

Hereford, Roger of, author of Judicial Astrology (flor. 1170.)

Kyrle, John, "the man of Ross," died 1724, æt. 90.

Lawrence, Stringer, East Indian Major General, Hereford, 1697.
Lempster, or Leominster, William, divine, Leominster.

Longmore, Edward, "Herefordshire Colossus," 7 ft. 6 in. high (died 1777.)
Orleton, Adam de, Bp. of Winchester, Orleton (died 1845.)

Ross, John, Bp. of Exeter, Ross, 1719.

Smith, Miles, Bp. of Gloucester, one of the translators of the Bible, Hereford, 1550.

MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS.

In Brampton Brian Church, is entombed the famous Lord High Treasurer, Robert Harley, first Earl of Oxford, founder of the Harleian Library, and in Tiltey Church, his brother, Auditor Harley, founder of Brampton Brian school.

In Dore Church-yard lies its Rector and Historian, Matthew Gibson.

Downton Castle is the residence of Richard Payne Knight, Esq. author of the "Landscape," "Progress of Civil Society," &c. ; and Foxley, of Uvedale Price, Esq. author of "Essays on the Picturesque."

Home Lacy was the seat of the Scudamores, of whom Sir James was the legendary "Sir Scudamore" of Spenser's “Faerie Queen."-His son, created by Charles I. Viscount Scudamore, first cultivated and introduced the "Red Streak" Apple.-In this house Pope, when visiting the last Viscount, wrote his" Man of Ross," and in it is preserved a portrait of the great Lord Strafford, copied from Vandyck in crayons by Pope.

In Hope Church was interred Sir Thomas Coningsby, founder of the hos pital that bears his name in Hereford, for worn-out soldiers and superannuated servants.

At Ingeston House, Serjeant Hopkyns entertained James I. with a Morrice dance, performed by 10 persons, whose united ages exceeded 1000 years. Of