only three a special investigator to supervise the work of the Buffalo office, a secretary in charge of the Bureau's educational and publicity work and an assistant to the counsel. In April an additional stenographer was permanently assigned to the Bureau. In November the Buffalo office was reorganized on a broader basis, under the direct charge of an investigator who also had to act as counsel, assisted by another investigator speaking Greek and some of the Latin and Oriental languages, and a stenographer speaking Polish and Slavish. Upon the appointment of the two additional investigators provided for by the Legislature for the next fiscal year, the Bureau staff is able to handle the following seventeen languages: Armenian, Bohemian, Bulgarian, Croatian, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian dialects, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian, Ruthenian, Slovak dialects, Syrian, Turkish and Yiddish. Only through the wholehearted interest and zeal of every member of the staff was it possible to cope with the amount of work actually disposed of.

The internal machinery for the proper execution of the Bureau's work is divided into four main divisions; administration, complaints and adjustments, investigations and inspections, education and publicity. The duties of each division are now carefully defined and thoroughly organized. The planning and adoption of the policies to be followed, general supervision of the work of both offices and of division chiefs and hearings, are under the direct control of the chief investigator. The complaint work, which includes the drawing up of affidavits, recommending investigations thereof, preparing cases for civil suit and taking direct action in criminal matters is in charge of the counsel and his assistant. The field staff and assignments for investigations and inspections are in charge of a supervising investigator for the western district at Buffalo, and, for the present, under the acting chief investigator for the eastern district. The statistical work, preparing of statements and articles for publication for the general education and protection of the immigrant, school card distribution, etc., is in charge of a secretary.

Comparison of Three Years' Work.

With the thorough organization of the Bureau work, the maximum efficiency of its staff has been developed. In comparing the work actually disposed of by the Bureau during the three years of its existence, it is found that in this fiscal year, 1,009 more complaints were received and acted upon than in 1912, and 1,611 more than in 1911. The individual applications for advice and information in matters not constituting real cause for complaint, increased this year by 418 over those of 1912 and 247 over those of 1911. In investigations and inspections conducted on the initiative of the Bureau there were this year 42 fewer than in 1912, but 191 more than in 1911.

The increase in the complaint work is no doubt due to the regularity with which co-operating foreign language newspapers have been publishing free of charge throughout the year, the Bureau's weekly statement of its purposes and services. That investigations and inspections have remained practically at a standstill, is due to the fact that it was necessary to devote almost twice as much time to the complaint work, which had practically doubled during the year and which was from a humane point of view more immediately urgent. There were 160 fewer violations of law discovered and acted upon during 1913 than in 1912. No comparison can be made with the violations found in 1911, as the statistical records at that time were not kept in the same way.

Personal Assistance. The statistics of complaints filed by individual immigrants and aliens since the creation of the Bureau show that they have almost doubled in number each year. Applications for advice and information more than doubled this year when compared with those for 1912, and increased one and onehalf times over those for 1911. This clearly proves that as the Bureau's various services have become more widely known to the State's alien residents, it has become of greater direct usefulness to them in their individual complaints, grievances, personal misfortunes and difficulties. The following diagram more clearly visualizes the extent and growth of this personal work as conducted by the Bureau since the time of its creation:

INCREASE IN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL APPLICANTS

SINCE CREATION OF BUREAU.

Law Enforcement. In comparing the inspections, studies and law enforcement work of the Bureau for the past three years, the figures are not at first sight so striking. The same relative amount of work appears to have been accomplished. To a large extent, the nature of these inspections was the same year after year. But a number of new investigations were also started each year as the old conditions were remedied. The violations of law discovered this year decreased more than 26 per cent as compared with those of the previous year. This shows an increasing tendency to comply with the various immigrant protective laws of the State. The following diagram will show the extent of the Bureau's initiatory work when considered from a purely statistical point of view:

Immigrant Welfare Legislation.-Sixteen important immigrant protective or welfare laws have been passed or amended by the New York State Legislature during the last three years at the initiative of the Bureau. This does not include many "rules and regulations" for the improvement of labor camps, lodging places, etc., which the Bureau drafted and sent out.

In 1911 three new laws and six amendments were enacted: Chapter 540, making it a misdemeanor for immigrant hotel keepers or their employees to solicit the surrender of steamship tickets; chapter 415, prohibiting steamship ticket agents from publishing misleading advertisements, and providing for the posting of authorizations; chapter 578, requiring the licensing of all persons selling steamship tickets, or their authorization in writing as agents of steamship companies; chapter 845, providing for the licensing of all immigrant lodging places; chapter 393, providing for a more rigid enforcement of the private banking law; chapters 771 and 772, amending the general corporation laws so

as to restrict and regulate the corporate banking business; chapter 575, making the holding out of misleading promises or statements regarding employment a misdemeanor; and chapter 759, making it a misdemeanor to sell real estate by false and misleading advertisements.

In 1912 three amendments were passed: Chapter 845, Laws of 1911, making the bonding of immigrant lodging place keepers discretionary with the State Labor Commissioner; chapter 514, Laws of 1910, extending the Bureau's power of subpoena and inspection; chapter 514, Laws of 1910, empowering the Bureau to ascertain the extent to which instruction shall be imparted to aliens throughout the State. A section of the New York City charter passed in 1848, regulating "bookers," was repealed as it conflicted with the Bureau's regulations.

In 1913 two new laws and one amendment were enacted: Chapter 176, making possible the establishment of temporary camp schools; chapter 514, placing the sanitary conditions of all labor camps under the direct supervision of the State Department of Health, and an amendment to chapter 759, Laws of 1911, specifically making it a misdemeanor to effect the sale of real estate by any "puzzle method" whatever.