whence in the course of time they become grass-bearing marshes, and being rescued from the sea by embankments, finally produce wheat and clover. The following are the principal useful rocks and minerals of New Brunswick : The following is a return of the produce of the mines and quarries in 1842, since which period there has been but little improvement in them : 2 A 2 Quarries King's County. 1 Salt Manufactory 1 Quarry, Flagging Queen's County. 2 Mines, Grand Lake 4 Quarries 1 Quarry.. Sunbury County. 2 Quarries York County. 3 Quarries Carleton County. 2 Quarries 1 Quarry .. Grindstones 2000 stones Freestone Coal Gypsum.. 350 0 0 1000 tons 500 0 0 Just commenced. CHAPTER XII. NATURAL HISTORY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. IN treating of the Natural History of the Province our remarks must necessarily be very brief. A full account of the zoology or botany of any part of America would of itself occupy a volume. The distribution of animals and plants has no reference to the arbitrary boundaries of nations and states, and the description of the productions of a single province would apply to almost the whole of the northern part of the great continent. Few have ever made any attempt to collect, classify, and describe the natural productions of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to the labours of others, in other quarters, we therefore add a few of our own observations on this wide field of inquiry. In the "Edinburgh Cabinet Library" there are some excellent "Descriptive Sketches of the Natural History of the North American Regions," and a number of other works have contributed to a general knowledge of the natural history of the northern part of the New World. We can, therefore, do little more than give catalogues of such productions as we are acquainted with; and in their arrangement the system adopted by Dr. Emmons, of William's College, and other American naturalists, has been found most convenient. No. IX. + See Descriptive Sketches of the Natural History of the North American Regions; Richardson's Fauna Boreali Americana; Pennant's Arctic Zoology; Audebon's Ornithological Biography; Animals and Plants of Massachusetts, in Hitchcock's Geological Reports by several Authors; Silliman's Journal; Philadelphia Journal of Natural Sciences. Mus decumanus, Pallas.-Brown Rat; Wharf, or Water Rat. The inhabitants of New Brunswick generally believe that there are two kinds of bears in the Province-the long-legged and the short-legged; but I have never seen more than one variety, which is the common black bear of Canada: it is not very carnivorous, and feeds during the summer chiefly on berries. The bear is seldom disposed to attack man; yet the female with cubs, or a wounded animal, will rush to an encounter with great fury. The bear dens and commences his winter sleep in December, and creeps forth from his hiding-place in the latter part of March in the intervening period he eats nothing; but he is said to |