upon the backgrounds of the gardens lies the Scherberigberg (flinty hillocks with vast pebblestone beds.

The Wolfsfurth (wolves' track) in the valley of the Wurm, at the foot of the Scherberigberg. Here is the only discharge of all the drains of Aix-laChapelle. This place consists of some few buildings, chiefly cloth manufactories. Some good flower and kitchen gardens are attached to them, and also a small park, the property of the cloth manufacturer, Mr. Kuetgens. Gardens and park form a part of the Bois de Pauline, a name given to this wood by Napoleon's sister. Roads conduct to it from different sides.

There are resident German Physicians who speak English. See Bradshaw's Continental Guide.

Railway to Düsseldorf and Cologne, as below. Persons going to Hanover or Berlin will find the route viâ Aix-la-Chapelle and Rührort the nearest. The walk from Aix-la-Chapelle to Liége is charming.-R. S. C.

München-Gladbach or Gladbach (Station). Population, 37,400. On the Ners. It has a Benedictine Abbey, and considerable manufactures of fine strong linen are carried on. This is the junction for the branch to Rührort (see below). (From here a branch of the Berg-Märkische Railway was opened 1873 to Jülich (223 English miles), and extended thence to Stolberg and Düren (13 and 14 English miles respectively), on the line from Aix la Chapelle to Cologne (see p. 70). The line to Jülich passes Odenkirchen and Amelon; the extension to Stolberg passes Eschweiler or Escheweiler (p. 80). Jülich was once a strong fortress, which upon the death of the Duke of Cleves and Jülich, in 1610, leaving "every body his heir," was seized by the Dutch, under the advice of Barneveld, in order to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Emperor. This was previous to the Thirty Years' War.)

This

Neuss (Station). Population, 9,400. place used formerly to be quite close to the Rhine, but since the fourteenth century, owing to the altered course of the stream, it has been removed from it about a mile and a half. The new station is in the Renaissance style.

Numerous excavations of Roman antiquities have been made on the site, supposed to be the Novesium of the Romans. Here Drusus, who built the town, threw a bridge over the Rhine. Neuss has sustained some remarkable sieges, which are mentioned in history. Among its edifices the old church, or cathedral, of St. Quirinus, a fine Gothic building, erected in 1209, is well worthy examination, its dome having some modern paintings in fresco by Cornelius. A War Monument of 1866 and 1870-1, has been erected.

Near Neuss is the ancient abbey of Eberach, the church of which, built in the thirteenth century, was remarkable for its monuments. On the decease of the Princes and Bishops of Wurzburg, their hearts were deposited in it. Rail to Crefeld; to Cologne; and to Dusseldorf, see Route 20.

From München-Gladbach the Ruhrort line passes Viersen and Anrath to

Crefeld (Station). Population, 83,000. This is a flourishing town, with fine wide streets of nicely built houses, about 5 miles from the Rhine, between Düsseldorf and Cleves. Here there are considerable manufactures of silk velvet, silk, and mixed fabrics, besides dyeworks. These goods are sent in large quantities all over Germany, to France, and especially to England. During the Seven Years' war, an important conflict took place hereabout.

Uerdingen (Station). Population, 2,800. Close to the left bank of the Rhine, surrounded by poplars. Near this place, at Eichelskamp, the French Revolution-army, under Lefébre, numbering about 25,000, first crossed the Rhine in 1795, and turned the Austrian position.

Ruhrort (Station). Population, 9,000. Situated at the confluence of the Ruhr (Roer), with the Rhine. It possesses many large ship-building docks, and has an immense coal-trade with Holland, the coal being derived from the large beds of mineral on the banks of the Roer. This is the best

harbour on the lower Rhine, and does a large carrying trade, besides those in corn, timber, and wool. To Luftballon, a public pleasure garden about a mile distant, an agreeable walk may be taken; and the ironworks at Sterkerade, near Oberhausen are worth visiting. At Ruhrort is a Hydraulic Establishment, consisting of two towers, each 120 feet high, one on each side of the Rhine, at Homberg and Ruhrort, each of which contains an engine. These machines have a platform with rails, by means of which two loaded wagons can be raised or lowered according to the height of the water. The railways terminate in the towers. The correspondence between the two banks and the stations is effected by a large steamer, having rails on deck carrying twelve carriages, in which the passengers are conveyed, without changing their seats, from one bank to the other.]

Aix-la-Chapelle to Cologne.-The railway leaves Aix-la-Chapelle station by a splendid viaduct, on two tiers of fifteen small and twenty large brick arches. The viaduct spans the narrow valley of the Wormbach, and is 892 feet long, and 70 feet high in the centre.

Close by the side of the line, to the left, is the Castle of Frankenburg. Charlemagne is reported to have founded a castle on this spot, in which he dwelt, and there died his third queen, Fastrada. Tradition states that he never left her body, night or day, which was inclosed in a glass coffin, until Turpin the Wise opened the coffin one day during the emperor's sleep, and released him from his thraldom, by taking from off the dead queen's finger her gold wedding ring, and throwing it into the moat of the castle.

Rothe Erde.-Near the cutting leading to the Nirem tunnel, which is 327 yards long, through the hills which surround Aix-la-Chapelle.

Passing through the beautiful wood of Reichswald,

Stolberg (Station) is reached.
Hotels: Hissels and Wetters.

A mining and manufacturing town, with about 11,200 inhabitants, built about 3 miles south of the station, up a valley studded with mills, forges, &c.,

near a picturesque old castle. Here good remains of a Roman Villa were found, 1881, extending 120 feet by 65 feet.

A short branch from this to Alsdorf (Station) was opened 1872; and a connection was made, 1876, with Würselen (branch to Morsbach) and Höngen.

Leaving here, the railway traverses a country rich with coal mines, and having houses, chimneys, and steam engines on every side To the left and right we see the little village of Pump, with its extensive ironworks, and, crossing the Jude, we enter a tunnel, in the Schenberg, and arrive at

Eschweiler (Station)-An industrious little town of 13,800 inhabitants, built on the Jude, and having silk, iron, and wire manufactories, and also an old picturesque Castle close to the line. The old castle of Nordberg is next passed; it is flanked with four towers, and then we pass over the high embankment which precedes the deep cutting passed through by the railroad previous to our arrival at

Langerwehe. Beyond this, through the Vale of the Wehe, a viaduct of seven arches conveys the railway, which, after emerging from the cutting, looks by the village and castle of Merode; and again pursuing its course through the village of Dhorn, crossing the Rhine immediately after, by a bridge of six arches, we enter the station. Quitting here, the railway passes through the villages of Dhorn and of Gwazauch on the left, and is there carried over the Ruhr, by a bridge of six arches; after which we arrive at Düren, 1 mile distant.

Düren (Station). A manufacturing town, with a population of 17,500; so called from the Roman Marcodurem, near which Charlemagne defeated the Saxons. Chief manufactures are cloth and paper. It contains one church, that of St. Anne, and a From Protestant place of worship lately erected. here a pleasant excursion may be made up the valley of the Ruhr to the beautiful village of Niedheggen, 8 miles south of Düren, built on a hill, on which are the ruins of a castle, where Engelbert Archbishop of Cologne, was imprisoned in the thirteenth century.

A short railway connection was opened, 1875, with Essen and Bochum (see Bradshaw's HandBook to Germany)