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The structure is practically completed for about 600 feet east of Underhill avenue, from Franklin avenue to Bedford avenue, and from Rogers avenue to Nostrand avenue.

Excavation was done largely by the use of steam shovels. Various derricks were used for completing the excavation in bottom and at sides. The material excavated consisted of sand, gravel and clay, and contained in places many boulders. Backfilling was completed from Franklin avenue to Bedford avenue, and from Rogers avenue to Nostrand avenue.

The material excavated during the year was for the most part sent over the Brighton Beach line to the Brighton Beach racetrack and used for filling, or was used directly as backfilling or was stored along the line of the work for that purpose.

The percentages of the principal items of work completed are as follows:

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About 70 per cent of the total estimated value of the work is complete.

Route No. 12, Section No. 3.- Work on this section was continued with a fair degree of progress. Eastern parkway, under which this section is being constructed, is a very wide parkway and it therefore offered unusual facilities for the use of mechanical equipment in carrying on the work. The material was taken out with steam shovels, the steel handled by traveling cranes running on a temporary track alongside the subway trench, and the concrete mixed at a central plant and hauled by automobile trucks. This method of operation has cut down the use of manual labor to a minimum.

The structure is completed from the west end of the section to midway between Rochester avenue and Buffalo avenue, with most of the steel in place east of the completed work. Only a very small amount of excavation remains to be done.

The percentages of the principal items of work completed are as follows:

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About 77 per cent of the total estimated value of the work is complete.

The following tabulation gives the work done under the principal items of construction on Sections Nos. 1, 1-A, 2 and 3 of Route No. 12, and the total value of work estimated, from the beginning of construction to December 31, 1917:

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Construction:-Route No. 31.- The construction of the column footings was begun in the spring and completed in the early fall. No special difficulties were encountered in constructing the footings, except between Junius street and Van Sinderen avenue,

where this line crosses over the East New York yards of the Long Island Railroad. At this location considerable care had to be exercised, in order to maintain traffic while the footings were under construction. The superstructure has not yet been erected, on account of lack of steel. The manufacture and fabrication of the steel for the superstructure have been delayed owing to the war, but it is expected that large deliveries will be made early

in 1918.

During the latter part of the year, a contract was let to William G. Cooper, Inc., for the construction of a duct line, extending from the west end of the route to Rockaway avenue, to contain the electric cables for operating purposes. Work on this duct line was begun in October and has been continued since with rapid progress.

The general construction contract is about 24 per cent complete. The contract for delivery of steel is about 0.3 per cent complete. The contract for the duct line is about 83 per cent complete. The following tabulation gives the work done under the principal items of construction, and the total value of work estimated, on each contract for Route No. 31, to December 31, 1917:

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Construction: Route No. 29, Section No. 1.-Progress on this section during the year has been somewhat retarded. material to be excavated is a gravelly sand, with many boulders and considerable clay in the northerly part of the section, and is hard to excavate by hand, and it therefore has been more difficult to get sufficient labor than in most of the other sections in Brooklyn. Various methods of excavation have been tried by the contractor, with a view to doing away as much as possible

with common labor. At the present time two shovels are in use, one steam and one electric, both proving economical and rapid. The work has also been hindered by the lack of sufficient broken stone for concrete, although the contractor has been crushing the boulders found in the excavation to supplement what he has been able to purchase.

Excavation is complete from the north end of the section to Crown street, from Malbone street to Maple street, and from Hawthorne street to the south end of the section. Subway construction has been following closely the excavation, and is practically complete from the Eastern parkway to Carroll street, from Malbone street to Lincoln road, and from Winthrop street to Church avenue.

The percentages of the principal items of work completed are as follows:

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About 57 per cent of the total estimated value of the work is complete.

Route No. 29, Section No. 2.-Work on this section proceeded very rapidly during the year, and aside from more or less repaving and other restoration work on the surface, is complete. The material found on this section was a loose sand, and the neighborhood through which it passes is sparsely built up. These two facts, together with the energy of the contractor, made rapid progress on this section possible.

About 95 per cent of the total estimated value of the work is complete.

The following tabulation gives the work done under the principal items of construction, and the total value of work estimated, on each section of Route No. 29, from the beginning of construction to December 31, 1917:

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Sewer Work:-Route No. 12; Section No. 1.-Sewer construction is practically completed on this section. During the year about 1,557 linear feet of sewers were built, making a total of 7,737 linear feet constructed to December 31, 1917, or 75 per cent of the work completed to date. Record drawings covering the sewers on this section are being prepared.

Attention was called by the Brooklyn Sewer Bureau to a poor hydraulic condition in the existing sewer system in Ashland place and Hanson place.

In order to lower the hydraulic gradient in these sewers, it was decided to deepen the sewer and increase its size in St. Felix street between Hanson place and Lafayette avenue and to divert the flow from the existing 4′ 8′′ by 3′ 2′′ sewer on the south side of Hanson place at St. Felix street which at present discharges into the congested Ashland Place sewer. A balancing overflow will be maintained at Hanson place and St. Felix street. The size of the St. Felix Street sewer will be increased from 15 inches to 24 inches. The new 24-inch pipe sewer in Hanson place will be decreased to 15 inches in order to reduce the quantity of flow reaching the Ashland Place sewer.

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