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TEMPERANCE INSTRUCTION.

Legislative provisions relating to scientific temperance instruction in the various · States.

EXPLANATION OF MARKS.

The cross signifies that scientific temperance is a mandatory study in public schools. The star signifies that this is a mandatory study, and that a penalty is attached to the enforcing clause of this statute in the State or Territory to which it is affixed.

The dagger signifies that the study is not only mandatory but is required of all pupils in all schools.

The double dagger signifies that the study is required of all pupils in all schools, and is to be pursued with text-books in the hands of pupils able to read.

The parallel indicates that the study is to be taught in. the same manner and as thoroughly as other required branches.

§ The section indicates that text-books on this topic used in primary and intermediate schools must give one-fourth or one-fifth their space to temperance matter, and those used in high schools not less than 20 pages.

The paragraph indicates that no teacher who has not passed a satisfactory examination in this subject is granted a certificate or authorized to teach.

a The alpha indicates that text-books on this topic shall give full and adequate space to the temperance matter.

B The beta signifies that a definite number of lessons for each school year has been made compulsory. The letter a indicates assent or "yes," referring to the conditions signified by the character at the head of the column.

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WOMEN IN SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION.

There are at present 2 women holding the position of State superintendent of schools, 12 that of city superintendent, 228 that of county superintendent. The status of women in respect to directive influence in school affairs is tersely summarized as follows:

Women may hold any school office in Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana,1 Minnesota, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania,' South Dakota, and Wyoming. Women may be county superintendents in Kentucky (if holding a State teacher's diploma), Montana (district offices also), Tennessee, and Wisconsin (city, town, and district offices also). Women may be commissioners and school district officers in New York.

Women may be local town or district officers in Arizona, California, Colorado, Iowa (where a woman must be a member of the State educational board of examiners), Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nebraska, New Jersey, Ohio, and Vermont.

Women have like suffrage with men in Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming. They may vote (1) on general school questions in Minnesota (at any election or at any district meeting), in North Dakota, and South Dakota; (2) on local school questions in Arizona, Iowa (on issue of bonds or increase of tax levy), Kansas, Kentucky (if widowed parents or guardians or spinster guardians of school children), Michigan, Nebraska, New York (if parents and taxpayers), Montana (at district elections), New Hampshire, New Jersey (restricted from voting for members of boards of education), Ohio (for members of boards), Oregon (widows with children to educate and taxpayers), Vermont (on all questions pertaining to schools), Washington (for directors), and Wisconsin.

WOMEN STATE SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

Colorado, Miss Grace E. Patton, Denver.
Wyoming, Miss Estelle Reel, Cheyenne.

WOMEN CITY SUPERINTENDENTS, 1896–97.

Leavenworth, Kans., Miss Mamie E. Dolphin.
Bangor, Me., Miss Mary E. Snow.

Brewer, Me., Mrs. Mertie M. Custis.

Orange, Mass., Lizzie A. Mason.
Rockport, Mass., Mary L. Lincoln.

Marquette, Mich., Anna M. Chandler.
Malone, N. Y., Sarah L. Perry.
Bristol, Oreg., Louise D. Baggs.
Johnston, R. I., Sarah D. Barnes.

Logan, Utah, Jennie D. Hubbard.

Brattleboro, Vt., Miss M. Belle Smith.

Appleton, Wis., Carrie E. Morgan.

Depere (East Side), Wis., Violet M. Alden.

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Arapahoe.

Baca

Delta..

Dolores
Elbert

Garfield
Gilpin..
Grand
Gunnison
Hinsdale.
Huerfano.

Kiowa

Kit Carson

Lake

Larimer

Lincoln

Mesa

Mineral
Montrose
Morgan
Ouray
Park
Routt

San Juan
Summit
Washington

COLORADO.

Mrs. Thalia Rhoads.
Mrs. Mary E. Cole..
Miss Ella New
Mrs. L. P. Yocum.
Mrs. Anna C. Williard
Mrs. Aradell White.
Mrs. Helen Grenfell.
Miss Lizzie Sullivan
Mrs. S. M. Logan
Mrs. Nettie Whitmore.
Mrs. J. C. Creesey.
Mrs. Emma O. Liggett.
Mrs. S. E. Morgan.
Mrs. Anna K. Page
Miss Henrietta Wilson.
Mrs. H. L. Dunaway
Miss Elizabeth Walker.
Miss Ella Henry.
Miss Alice M. Catlin.
Mrs. Garver..

Mrs. Isabel L. Moore.
Mrs. Sadie Maxey.
Mrs. Emma H. Peck.
Mrs. Ellen Carbis.
Mrs. Jennie M. Jones.
Miss Lou A. Bagley..

ILLINOIS.

Denver.
Springfield.
Delta.
Rico.
Kiowa.

Greenwood Springs.
Central City.

Hot Sulphur Springs.
Gunnison.
Lake City.
Walsenburg.
Sheridan Lake.
Burlington.
Leadville.
Fort Collins.
Hugo.

Grand Junction.
Amethyst.
Montrose.
Fort Morgan.
Ouray.
Fairplay.
Craig.
Silverton.
Breckenridge.
Akron.

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