569; government, 570; pioneer press, 571; education, 571;
slavery, 572; pioneer life, 572; general and miscellaneous, 573;
counties, 575 ff

Biddle, Major, 149, 369, 458 (n.210); on early civil history of
Detroit, 134(n.121)

"Biddle City," 457

Big Prairie Ronde, 312

Birmingham (Oakland Co.), 223

Black River, 162, 164, 324

Black Hawk War, bibliography, 566; general influence on settle-
ment, 57, 60-61; effect in Detroit, 137; effect in the Kalamazoo
Valley, 358; effect in the St. Joseph Valley, 252, 256, 271;
story of, 564(Thwaites)

Black-walnut, see Forest

Blissfield, road from, to Petersborough, 209; sketch of Presbyterian
Church in, 581(Kedzie)

Blois, Gazetteer of Michigan, 559

Bossuet, Bishop, ancestor of Father Gabriel Richard, 115(n.61)
Boundaries, bibliography, 565; dispute with Ohio, 176(n.306);
dispute with Ohio, 578(Holloway)

Branch County, bibliography, 576; forest, 247; settlement, 268-
270, 278-283, 287-290; causes of slow settlement, 250; estab-
lished and organized, 531; population (1834), 283; censuses, 531,
536; Pennsylvania-Dutch, 303; early banking, 569 (Randall)
Brady, Gen. Hugh, article by Bates, 588

Brest, 157

Brighton, 390; newspaper, 373(n.30)

Bristol, William P., 454(n.198)

Britain, Calvin, 266

British, post on St. Clair River, 116(n.65), 160; influence of
presents to the Indians, 57; relations with Old Northwest (1790-
1829), 570

Bronson, Jabez, 269

Bronson, Titus, 352; founds Kalamazoo, 345; founder of Kalamazoo,
580(Van Buren)

Bronson Prairie, settled, 269

Brooklyn (Jackson Co.), sketch, anon., 579, and by Griswold, 579

Brooks, Edward, 391(n.117)

Brown, Edward, 380(n.57)

Brown, E. Lakin, autobiographical notes, 575

Brown, General Jacob, 233

Brown, John, 380(n.57)

Brown, Joseph, 203, 235

Brown University, 341, 345 (n.167)

Brown, S. R., Western Gazetteer, 560; characterizes Canadian-
French settlement, 98; general influence, 54.

Brownstown (Wayne County), 157, 263

Brownstown Creek, land claims, 103(n.22)
Bruckner's Lessee vs. Lawrence, 119(n.66)

Brush Creek, 324

Buchanan, 300

Buffalo, in 1825, 563 (Ball)

Building materials, clay, sand and gravel, 12; sandstone, 13

Bunce, Zephaniah W., 184; sketch of, 585(Thompson)

Burnett, William, at St. Joseph, 265, 266

Burr Oak, 273, 274

Burr-oak plains, getting first crop on, 41; soil, 193

Business, see Trade

Butler, William, 329

Byron (Kent Co.), trail through, 419(n.54)

Byron (Shiawassee Co.), 385

Byron Company, 386

Cadillac, La Motte, 120

Calhoun County, bibliography, 577; inland lakes, 308; oak open-
ings, 318; settlement, 340-344, 348-349, 353-354; prairie settle-
ments, 316-317; relation of Indians and settlers, 573; estab-
lished and organized, 532; population, 359-363; censuses, 532,
536; Early days, 577

Campau, Antoine, 428

Campau, Joseph, opposes widening of street in Detroit, 131
Campau, Louis, 375, 377, 423; papered cupola with "wild-cat"
bills, 68(n.66)

Campbell, James V., 481 (n.27); mentions French wind mills,
110; Outlines of the Political History of Michigan, 549
Canada, source of population, 185

"Canada settlement" (Eaton Co.), 451

Canadian-French, see French-Canadians

Canals, projected in Clinton County, 466; in Grand-Maple-
Saginaw Valley, 21; between Grand and Huron rivers, 347;
in Macomb County, 29; projected routes in Michigan, 75(n.91);
celebration at completion of Clinton and Kalamazoo Canal, 567
Canoe, description of birchen, 572

Capitol, removal of, from Detroit, 579(Bishop); 579(Blades);
579(Goodrich); 579(Robson); 579(Williams)

Carey Indian Mission (Berrien Co.), founding, 252, 258-260;
teacher at, 266; influence on settlement of Cass County, 262;
relations with Grand Rapids mission, 421

Carts, old French, 573

Cass, Lewis, birthplace, 183; influence on settlement, 50, 52(n.16);
relation to Tiffin survey of 1815, 50(n.7), 62; obtains land
office for Detroit (1818), 62; qualifications as Indian agent, 58;
expedition to Saginaw country, 371; expedition of 1820, 52,
201, 251; letter respecting Monroe Road, 75(n.92); description of
road in 1822, ibid; plans for Saginaw Road, 76; services in behalf
of Chicago Road, 76(n.96); member of Cass Company (Monroe
Co. 1835-36), 155; farm sold (1835), 140; violates fire ordinance
at Detroit, 128; interest in Carey Mission, 259; instructions to
McCoy, 421; visits Carey Mission (1827), 260(n.44); on the
removal of the Indians to the West, 60(n.37); interest in popu-
lar education, 92, 93(n.154); favors popular rule, 84; president
of historical society, 151; influence, 564 (McLaughlin); life, 549
(McLaughlin), 549(Smith), 549(Young)

Cass County, surface geology, 245 (n.3); established and organized;
253, 532; settlement, 262-264, 274, 293-295; first crops, 269;
population (1825), 261; censuses (1834-37), 536; travel to, from
Detroit (1828), 568 (Edwards); history, 553(Rogers)
Cassopolis, founding, 275, 294

Cass River, settlers on, 380

Catholepistemiad, 152

Catholics, in Detroit, 147; Shea on, 548; schools in Detroit, 152;
in Clinton County, 467; mission at Grand Rapids, 421; refining
influence of priests; see Richard (Father Gabriel)

Catlin, G. B., Landmarks of Detroit and Michigan, 553; see Ross
Censuses, of Michigan Territory (1830-34), 535; (1837), 536-539,
562; of counties (1834-40), 531-534; of Indians (not taxed)
1837, 539; of Negroes(1837), 539; see Population
Centerville, 273, 293

Central Railroad, 81(n.110); first cars over, 81(n.113); influence
on settlement in Berrien County, 301; discussed at Marshall
(1833), 343

Charleston (Kalamazoo Co.), 352

Charlotte, environment, 412; settlement, 418, 444

Chapman, Alcott E., birthplace, 183

Chase, Lew Allen, on roads, traffic and travel in Michigan Terri-
tory, 79(n.105)

Chase, Philander, 281

Chase, Rev. Supply, A Pioneer Minister, 574

Chicago, early opinion of, 448(n.170), 455; central market of
Middle West, 30; boat line to Grand Haven, 438; treaty of,
59, 269

Chicago Road, 76; plat of, in four sheets, in map listed under
Internal Improvements, 589; influence of survey, 263; early

travel, 207, 254; early travel in St. Joseph Valley, 255-256;
travel decreased in 1832, 60; influence in Branch County, 280;
in Hillsdale County, 285; in Washtenaw County, 202; descrip-
tion of, in Lenawee County, 209; preferred to Territorial Road,
339; travel (1828), 568(Edwards); travel (1834), 569(Goodrich)
Chicago Trail, 77, 249, 305

Cholera epidemic (1832), effect on Detroit, 137; death of Father
Richard, 116(n.61); in Kalamazoo Valley, 357; in St. Joseph
Valley, 271; effect on Territorial vote, 86; epidemic of, in 1834,
61(n.42); at Detroit, cause, 144; in the Saginaw country, 402
Christiancy, Isaac P., 481 (n.27)

Christian Creek, 262

Christmas, in early Ionia, 572 (Taylor)

Church, articles on early churches in the Saginaw Valley, 577;
early history of churches in Battle Creek, 577 (Van Buren); pioneer
church of Nankin, Wayne County, 587 (Osband) a pioneer min-
ister, 574 (Chase); see names of denominations
"Cincinnatus," advocates change in Territorial government, 83
Claims, British, 118(n.66); French, 117(n.66); surveyed by U. S.,
119(n.66), 101(n.14); "gridiron" appearance, 105; at Ypsilanti,
201; in Genesee County, 376; digested summary, 546
Clemens, Christian, village named for, 158

Climate of southern Michigan, 2-9; discussion by Winchell, 548;
of Detroit, 564(Hubbard)

Climax Prairie, 313

Clinton (Lenawee Co.), 237

Clinton County, bibliography, 577; environment, 413; established
and organized, 532; censuses, 532, 537; distribution of popula-
tion (1837), 460; speculation, 461; waterpower settlements on
the Lookingglass, 462; transportation, 416; hostility of traders
and trappers, 463; "paper towns" at site of Dewitt, 463-464;
colony at Duplain on Maple River, 465-466; Maple Rapids,
466; Catholic settlement in Westphalia Township, 467
Clinton River, description, 24; sources, 28; navigation, 29; Navi-
gation Company, 206(n.45); harbor improvement, 31; water
power, 188; French-Canadian settlements, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103,
105, 109,; German settlement, 185; canal, 567 (Ingersoll)
Clinton and Kalamazoo Canal, projected, 75 (n.91)

Coal basin, 10, 13

Cochrane, Sylvester, 446

Coldwater, settlement, 279; in 1831, 577; early days, 577 (Haynes)
Coldwater Settlement (Genesee Co.), 381(n.65)

Colleges, see Education, Albion, Hillsdale, Kalamazoo, Olivet
Colonies, methods of founding, 242

Combe, Pièrre Francois (1776), 117(n.66)

Communism, in Kalamazoo County, 580(Van Buren)

Commerce, at Detroit, after War of 1812, 127; at Detroit (1827),
136; at Detroit (1837), 143; at St. Joseph, 276, 298; on Upper
Great Lakes, 72(n.81)

Common School Assistant, The, 93

Comstock, Horace H., 349

Comstock village, 331, 336, 349, 351, 356; early history, 580(Van
Buren)

Conant, Dr. Harry, birthplace, 183

Concord (Jackson Co.), early history, 580 (McGee)

Congregationalists, 486; at Grand Rapids, 430; in Kalamazoo
County, 352; at Romeo, 170; at Vermontville, 445-446; work
of John D. Pierce, 341; sketch of Congregationalism, 575(Pierce),
574(Hurd)

Connecticut, settlers from, 183, 238, 273, 279, 329, 381, 464, 474ff
Constantine, platted, 273, 274; mentioned 291, 292

Constitution of 1835, adopted, 87; analysis, 87 (n.132)
Cook's Prairie, 316, 353

Cooley, Thomas M., 481 (n.27); Michigan, 549

Cooper, James Fenimore, 318, 325, 349(n.187)

Cooper (Kalamazoo Co.), early history, 580 (Walker)

Corn, yield of first crop on different soils, 42, 43; first crops in
St. Joseph County, 267; first crop on White Pigeon Prairie, 269
Corunna, 386, 389

Cottonwood Swamp, 253

Counties, "Cabinet," established in southwestern Michigan, 266
County government, 89

County seats, legislation affecting the establishment of, 89(n.143)
Crane, Flavius, 391(n.117)

Crary, Isaac E., 94, 340, 341, 442; sketch, 571 (Comstock)

Creeks, see Bean, Christian, Hog, Otter, Pettibone, Sandy,
Woodruff's, Drainage, Waterpower

Croghan, on conditions near Detroit (1765), 108

Danforth, Ephraim B., 458 (n.214)

Darby, William, opinion of Detroit, (1818), 129; on immigration
in 1818, 52; Tour, 556; Emigrant's Guide, 559

Dartmouth College, 282

Davison (Genesee Co.), early history, 578(Townsend)

Dearborn, on route of Central Railroad, 82(n.115)

Delegate to Congress, first(1819), 84, 116(n.61), 149

Delta (Eaton Co.), 449; early settlement, 578 (Ingersoll); effort to
found college at, 572(Williams)

De Tocqueville, inpressions of Oakland County (1833), 195; of
Saginaw country, 369