to-wit: Commencing at a point on the eastern boundary line of the State of Indiana, where a direct line drawn from the southern extremity of Lake Michigan to the most northerly cape of the Maumee bay, shall intersect the same-said point being the northwest corner of the State of Ohio, as established by act of Congress entitled "An act to establish the northern boundary line of the State of Ohio, and to provide for the admission of the State of Michigan into the Union upon the conditions therein expressed," approved June fifteenth, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six; thence with the said boundary line of the State of Ohio till it intersects the boundary line between the United States and Canada in Lake Erie; thence with said boundary line between the United States and Canada through the Detroit river, Lake Huron and Lake Superior, to a point where the said line last touches Lake Superior; thence in a direct line through Lake Superior to the mouth of the Montreal river; thence through the middle of the main channel of the said river Montreal to the head waters thereof; thence in a direct line to the center of the channel between Middle and South Islands, in the Lake of the Desert; thence in a direct line to the southern shore of Lake Brulé; thence along said southern shore, and down the river Brulé to the main channel of the Menominee river; thence down the center of the main channel of the same to the center of the most usual ship channel of the Green bay of Lake Michigan; thence through the center of the most usual ship channel of the said bay to the middle of Lake Michigan; thence through the middle of Lake Michigan to the northern boundary of the State of Indiana, as that line was established by the act of Congress of the nineteenth of April, eighteen hundred and

sixteen; thence due east with the north boundary line of the said State of Indiana to the northeast corner thereof; and thence south with the eastern boundary line of Indiana to the place of beginning.*

ARTICLE II.

SEAT OF GOVERNMENT.

SECTION 1. The Seat of Government shall be at Lansing, where it is now established.†

ARTICLE III.

DIVISION OF THE POWERS OF GOVERNMENT.

SECTION 1. The powers of Government are divided into three departments: The Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. SEC. 2. No person belonging to one department shall exercise the powers properly belonging to another, except in the cases expressly provided in this Constitution.

ARTICLE IV.

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

SECTION 1. The Legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Representatives.

*In accordance with the act which set the Territory of Michigan off from Indiana, June 30, 1805, the southern boundary of this State was to be a line extending due east from the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan, until it intersected Lake Erie. When Indiana was admitted as a State in 1816, the southern boundary of Michigan was moved northward, about nine miles, to give Indiana a lake port on Lake Michigan, and thus Michigan was deprived of thirty townships of her land. The boundary line,however, ran due east from Lake Michigan. When Michigan was admitted, Congress compelled the people of Michigan to make the boundary line between that State and Ohio run from the "southern extremity of Lake Michigan to the most northerly cape on Maumee bay." This was not settled without dispute-see "Toledo War."Primer of Michigan History, p. 50; Judge Cooley's Michigan," p. 218. †The capital of the State was moved from Detroit to Lansing in 1847.

SEC. 2. The Senate shall consist of thirty-two members. Senators shall be elected for two years, and by single districts. Such districts shall be numbered from one to thirty-two, inclusive; each of which shall choose one Senator. No county shall be divided in the formation of Senate districts, except such county shall be equitably entitled to two or more Senators. *

SEC. 3. The House of Representatives shall consist of not less than sixty-four, nor more than one hundred members. Representatives shall be chosen for two years and by single districts. Each Representative district shall contain, as nearly as may be, an equal number of inhabitants, exclusive of persons of Indian decent who are not civilized, or are members of any tribe, and shall consist of convenient and contiguous territory; but no township or city shall be divided in the formation of a Representative district. When any township or city shall contain a population which entitles it to more than one Representative, then such township or city shall elect by general ticket, the number of Representatives to to which it is entitled. Each county hereafter organized, with such territory as may be attached thereto, shall be entitled to a separate Representative, when it has attained a population equal to a moiety of the ratio of representation. In every county entitled to more than one Representative, the board of supervisors shall assemble at such time and place as the Legislature shall prescribe, and divide the same into Representative districts equal to the number of Representatives to which such

*The first three Legislatures of the State, from 1835 to 1838, had but 16 members in the Senate, and the last five Legislatures, under the Constitution of 1837, had but 22 members in the Senate. Wayne county will now have four senatorial districts; Kent two and Saginaw two.

county is entitled by law, and shall cause to be filed in the offices of the Secretary of State and clerk of such county, a description of such Representative districts, specifying the number of each district and population thereof, according to the last preceding enumeration.*

† SEC. 4. The Legislature shall provide by law for an enumeration of the inhabitants in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-four, and every ten years thereafter; and at the first session after each enumeration so made, and also at the first session after each enumeration by the authority of the United States, the Legislature shall re-arrange the Senate Districts and apportion anew the Representatives among the counties and districts, according to the number of inhabitants, exclusive of persons of Indian descent who are not civilized, or are members of any tribe. Each apportionment, and the division into Representative districts by any board of supervisors shall remain unaltered until the return of another enumeration.

SEC. 5. Senators and Representative shall be citizens of the United States, and qualified electors in the respective counties and districts which they represent. A removal from their respective counties or districts shall be deemed a vacation of their office.

* The first three Legislatures of the State had 50 representatives each; the fourth, 58; the fifth and sixth, 52 each; the seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth, 53 each; the twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth, 66 each; the sixteenth, 68: the seventeenth, 71; and so on increasing until in 1864 the number reached 100, the constitutional limit. The city of Detroit has seven representatives. There are 93 representative districts in the State. The senatorial districts were arranged by the Legislature; the new representative districts by the various boards of supervisors in October, 1891.

† Amendment agreed to by the Legislature of 1869, approved by the people at the general election of 1870. The word white was stricken out before inhabitant.

For qualifications of electors, see Art. VII. of the Constitution.