ments. In November, 1762, he was, through the interest of lord Bath, made canon of Windsor. In December of that year, on the day on which the preliminaries of peace were to be taken into consideration in parliament, he wrote the paper called The Sentiments of a Frenchman, which was printed on a sheet of paper, pasted on the walls in every part of Loudon, and distributed among the members as they entered the house. In 1763, he superintended the publication of Henry Earl of Clarendon's Diary and Letters, and wrote the preface which is prefixed to those papers. In June of this year he accompanied lord Bath to Spa, where he became acquainted with the hereditary prince of Brunswick (the late duke), from whom he received marked and particular attention, and with whom he was afterwards in correspondence. It is known, that within a few years there existed a series of letters, which were written by him during his stay at Spa, and a book containing copies of all the letters which he had subsequently written to, and received from the prince of Brunswick, on the state of parties, and the characters of their leaders in this country, and on the policy and effect of its continental connections. But as these have not been found, there is reason to apprehend that they may have been destroyed, in consideration of some of the persons being still alive, whose characters, conduct, and principles, were the topics of that correspondence. In 1764, lord Bath died, and left him his library; but general Pulteney wishing that it should not be removed from Bath House, he relinquished his claim, an accepted 1000l. in lieu of it. General Pulteney left it to him again at his death, and he again gave it

up to the late sir William Pulteney, for the same sum. It has been erroneously stated in some of the newspapers, that his own valuable library had been derived from this source; whereas it was entirely collected by himself. In 1764, he exchanged his living, in Shropshire, for that of St. Austin's and St. Faith's, in Watling street, London. In April, 1765, he married Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Rooke, esq. During this and the preceding years, as also in 1768, he wrote several political' papers, which were printed in The Public Advertiser; and all the letters which appeared in that paper in 1770 and 1771, under the signatures of Tacitus and Manlius, were written by him. In 1773, he assisted sir John Dalrymple in arranging his MSS. In 1776, he was removed from the chapter of Windsor to that of St. Paul's. During this and the subsequent year, he was employed in preparing captain Cook's Journal for publication, which he undertook at the urgent request of lord Sandwich, then first lord of the admiralty. In 1777, he assisted lord Hardwicke in arranging his miscellaneous papers, which came out in the following year. In 1778, he was elected a member of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies. In 1781, he was again applied to by lord Sandwich, to reduce into a shape fit for publication, the Journal of Captain Cook's third and last voyage; the introduction and the notes were supplied by him. In this year he was elected president of Sion College for the year, and preached the Latin sermon before that body. In 1786, he was elected one of the vicepresidents of the Antiquarian Society; and in 1787, one of the trustees of the British Museum. In September 3 E 2

of

of this year he was appointed bishop of Carlisle; and in 1788, succeeded to the deanery of Windsor, for which he vacated his residentiaryship of St. Paul's. In 1789, he preached before the house of lords, and of course published the sermon, on the anniversary of king Charles's martyrdom. In June 1791, he was translated to the see of Salisbury. In 1793, he preached the anniversary sermon before the Society for the propagation of the Gospel, which is prefixed to the annual printed account of their proceedings. Having been often and very urgently requested by many of his literary friends, to publish a new edition of The Criterion, which had been many years out of print, he undertook, so lately as last autumn (1806) to revise that book. He had many years ago collected materials for a new and enlarged edition of that work; but unfortunately they had either been mislaid or lost, or more probably destroyed through mistake, with some other manuscripts. This circumstance, and his very advanced age, sufficiently account for his not having attempted to alter materially, or to add to his original work.

In this statement, all the avowed publications of the bishop are enumerated; but he has been concerned in many others, in which he was never supposed to have had any part; and in some of no common celebrity, whose nominal and reputed authors he permitted to retain, and enjoy exclusively, all that credit of which he could have justly laid claim to a considerable share. During a great part of his life, he was in correspondence with some of the most eminent literary and political charac

ters of the age. Such were the habits of incessant application in which he persevered, almost to the last hour of his long protracted life, that few men could have read more, if indeed any one so much; for he never deemed any space of time too short to be employed in reading, nor was he ever seen by any of his family, except when strangers were present, without having a book or a pen in his hand.

The accounts which were inserted in many of the newspapers, of the illness which terminated in his death, were as incorrect as most of those which have been given of his life and writings. Instead of falling a victim to the gout, be can scarcely be said to have had latterly any specific complaint. He retained his faculties to the last; and till within two days of his death, amused himself, for some hours each day, by reading. After a life thus devoted to the cause of literature and religiou, and not spent in solitary seclusion from the world, but in the midst of its most active and busy scenes, he drew his last breath, on Monday, the 18th day of May, without a struggle, and without a pang, in the arms of his son, who, in order to correct the mis-statements, and supply the deficiencies, of those accounts of him which have appeared in many public prints, has hastily extracted the above particulars from authentic documents now in his possession. He was buried in a vault in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. His royal highness the duke of Sussex, with a condescension not less honourable to his own feelings than to the memory of the bishop, attended at his funeral.

Some

Some account of the late most reverend Dr. William Markham, Lord Archbishop of York, Primate of England, Lord High Almoner to the King, and Visitor of Queen's College, Oxford.

This venerable prelate was born in Ireland, in the year 1719, but was brought over to England in his infancy, and at an early age entered of Westminster school. Here he distinguished himself by assiduity in his studies, and, particularly, by some compositions in Latin verse; and at the usual age was sent to Christchurch college, Oxford, where he obtained the degree of M. A. in 1745. In 1750, he was appointed to the office of High-master of Westminster school, the duties of which he discharged about fourteen years, with great industry and success.

In 1752, he proceeded bachelor, and in a few days after, doctor, of civil law; from which it was thought by many not to have been his intention, at that time, to adopt the clerical functions. In 1759, however, he was made a prebendary of Durham; in 1764 resigned his mastership of Westminster; and in the following year was preferred to the deanery of Rochester; which, in 1767, he vacated for that of Christchurch.

In 1771, Dr. Markham was consecrated bishop of Chester; and almost immediately afterwards named by His Majesty to the important situation of preceptor to his royal highness the Prince of Wales; in which office he continued till 1776, when he was succeeded by Dr. Hurd (afterwards bishop of Worcester). In the following year, his lordship was translated from Chester to the archiepiscopal see of York; from which

he was removed by death, in his 89th year, November 3, 1807, and his remains were interred in Westminster abbey.

The virtues of this distinguished prelate were of the most benevolent and amiable kind. With great learning, he was modest; though raised to the highest station, he was meek and humble. His religion was a religion of the mind; practised in all the concerns of life, without austerity, and free from ostentation; a strict integrity, and high sense of honour, were conspicuous in all his dealings; and his promises were unbroken. The mildness of his temper rendered him indulgent to the faults of others, and made him a condescending, engaging, and instructing companion. Those who, in early life, had the happiness of being his pupils, universally agree, that, as an instructor, he had no equal. It is difficult to say, whether he most excelled in his manner of conveying knowledge, or in exciting youth to laudable pursuits; in storing their minds with good principles, or in eradicating bad; in extolling the happiness of virtue, or in exposing the misery of vice. His knowledge in Greek and Roman literature was universal; his taste was pure, and his topographical accuracy most uncommon with these requisites, he never failed to insure the attention of his scholars, and to enliven his lectures by pleasing and interesting anecdotes. He was so perfectly master of the proper incentives for different dispositions, that the studious were ever ambitious of his praise, whilst the idle feared his rebuke. After having successively presided over those great seminaries, Westminster and Christchurch, his character and learning recommended him as worthy to direct the education

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He came into political life with every advantage. The people adored the representative of the great patriot who had breathed his last in the cause of freedom; and they fondly invested him with all the talents and virtues which they had long associated with the name of Pitt. Even the court beheld him with comparative favour, and were willing to escape from the dreaded yoke of the aristocracy, by the efforts of the people and the son of Chatham. The coalition of the aristocracy with the ousted tools of the court whom they had hitherto branded as the basest of reptiles, overwhelmed all his adversaries with infamy; and when the dissolution of Parliament had manifested the national sentiments, he set forward in his political career, with the brilliant assurance that the court and the people were equally his friends.

An unpopular war was just concluded. Men returned with eager ness to the pursuits of peace. Agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, began to flourish anew, and to shoot forth blossoms more gay and fruitful than they had hitherto borne. The taxes became more productive, yet were less felt and while the necessities of the government were relieved, the people were visibly enriched. When men compared this happy state of things with the grievances and discontents from which they had just escaped, they naturally referred their new blessings to the presiding spirit who now stood at the head of government. -And while they estimated his talents by their own prosperity, and compared his years with his abilities, they concluded that so much wisdom and conduct could be found in one so young only by a miracle, and that

Providence in mercy had now vouchsafed them a heaven-born Minister.

As his career proceeded, his good fortune kept pace with it. The flourishing state of the finances, arising from the rapid increase of national prosperity, enabled him, under better auspices, to resume the plans of Walpole; and to hold forth to the nation a prospect of relief from that accumulation of debt, which was regarded with the most fearful apprehensions. The plan of the sinking fund was neither new nor complicated, but it had a splendid and most gracious appearance : and he had the virtue to excel his predecessors, in abstaining from the fund thus appropriated, even under his greatest difficulties.

The war of the French revolution presented him with a new scene, but with circumstances not less fortunate. On the one hand, by persevering in the course which he had hitherto pursued, he had before him the reputation of preferring the real felicity of a nation to the glittering templations of ambition; of guiding the vessel of the state with skill, through shoals and quicksands, in which others were perishing; of rendering his country rich, powerful, and happy, while neighbouring kingdoms were ravaged by intestine convulsions, and ruined by external wars. On the other hand, the career of ambition was thrown wide before him; the glory of subduing enemies, of ruling allies, of calling forth the valour of his countrymen, and shining, in the eyes of posterity, with the accompanying lustre of conquests and victories. He chose the latter, and the feelings of the nation went along with him.

The atrocities of the French revolution, and the excesses of some 3 E4 infatuated