They pay three guilders a week; but the greater part pay nothing. There are also two rooms for those who can afford to be attended by servants. They must pay in that case six guilders a week.

Scurvy and Sore-headed Persons.-These persons are not taken in, but they attend the house twice a week, when the surgeons visit them.

Persons bitten by a mad dog. These are put in a separate room in the interior hospital;-the clothes of the persons who attend them are burnt after the death of those miserable patients.

Burying of the Corpses.-Immediately after death the bodies are laid in a coffin, and deposited in a separate place, where they remain three days; they are then put in a boat which conveys them to a churchyard out of the town. Every coffin costs 36 stivers, or three shillings English money. Every sick person costs daily (every thing included, as salaries of the officers, repairs of the building, in a word, every expense,) 13 stivers, or nearly one shilling and a penny English money. The friends of the deceased are allowed to bury them in a better manner. The house inherits what may be left by those who have been taken in for nothing, except in case they have parents or children.

Surgeon's Apprentices.--In both the hospitals there are surgeon's apprentices who live there, so that the sick are always well attended in absence of the physicians.

Servants and Maids.-Their number is not fixed; but their salary is not high enough; the principal ones have one guilder a week, or nearly five pounds a year. Some have a shilling (English), and others much less; therefore there are few who are fit for their several occupations.

Apothecary's Shop.-The apothecary's shop is very large; from it, 1st. The hospitals receive their medicines; 2d. Most of the charitable institutions, for which they pay; 3d. It is a shop open for every one, and the navy is provided by it; 4. It serves for the socalled citizens poor, which requires an explanation.

In this city are many different religious persuasions. Every per suasion gives to their members medical help; but there are many who are not professed members of any persuasion-to such when fallen in poverty the city sends physicians to their several houses, and the medicines are prepared by our apothecary.

Money Matters.-The usual incomes consist, 1st. In a yearly collection for the lunatics at the doors of the people; 2d. In gifts of visitors of the hospitals in the boxes; 3d. In the money paid by every visitor, namely, a penny at the door; 4th. In the part allow ed to us of the public amusements, plays, balls, concerts, fireworks, &c.; 5th. In the rent of several houses, mills, and pasture ground, belonging to the hospitals; 6th. In the selling of bran used by the baker; 7th. In public funds on the country and city;-these may amount to 40,000 guilders Dutch money; about 200,000 guilders

is given to us by the magistrate out of the city treasury, as a subsidy: the whole amount wanted in a year is commonly 240,000 guilders, Dutch money.

Number of Sick. The number of sick is generally between 700 and 800; at present it is 695. 1,100 persons can be put with ease in the hospitals.

General Committee. The regents are chosen by the magistrates, and receive no salary. Every Tuesday they meet, and are attended by two book-keepers and a clerk:--with the ladies it is the same. Every year they present an account of their books to the magistrates the directors of the houses appear before the regents, to show the lists of coming-in and going-out persons, of the children born, and the deceased persons; they receive the orders of the regents, and present also to them the list of the victuals consumed and bought. Nothing may be bought and no repairs made without a written permission of one of the regents: these notes must be added to the several accounts of the different creditors at the end of the year, to justify their accounts. The administration of the money is performed with the greatest accuracy, and with really too great a strictness; for example-for medicines, white-washing and cleaning, we are fixed to a certain sum: the whole expenses must never surpass 240,000 guilders; and this is one of the faults of the administration, whereof I now shall speak in the last place.

Faults in the Administration.--Being too much bound to a certain fixed sum, we are prevented from remedying some inconveniencies; for example: The rooms for the lying-in women should be larger, because the number increases daily. Clothes are wanted for the sick; and in order to procure servants of a superior kind, higher salaries should be given.

Amsterdam, July 22, 1816."

IL TEDING VAN BERKHOUT.

I left an introductory letter yesterday at J. Mendes de Leon's, a highly respectable Jew in Amsterdam. He called upon me to day about one o'clock; he appears a benevolent and very liberal-minded man, and employs his spare time from business in attending upon public charities, as schools, &c. Next day after breakfast he called, and brought me a most acceptable present of all the publications relative to the schools in Holland, with a written catálogue in English: he regretted that the schools could not be seen in activity, on account of the vacation: but took us to one of the school-houses, where the secretary to the burgomaster, Jeronimo de Vries, (Led van der Koninklyk Instituut, Curator de Stadt's Armen Scholen, &c. &c.) was waiting to meet me. He is an interesting young man'; speaks French; he informs me that in

Amsterdam there are eleven houses for their schools: total number of boys and girls educated in them, 4000; each school on an average 300 or 400: but this is not found sufficient, as they have on the list for admission when vacancies occur, not less than 800. The first school-room we saw was 30 feet by 45, and about ten feet high; said to be for 300 children, but if so, they must be sadly crowded: no means of warming the school in winter: the school is divided into three classes, and each class is subdivided into single forms. They teach writing wholly on paper: there is one superintendant with a salary of 900 guilders; three ushers at 400 guilders each; and three monitors, who are paid small sums. The expense for rent, books, &c. must be considerable. In winter there are evening schools: children may enter at 6 years of age, but they generally come at 8. They teach geography and music, and carry the rules of arithmetic very high: they teach history also. The first class is composed of the youngest; in the second they begin to teach geography. Corporal punishment is rarely or never inflicted: instead of punishing by a task, the culprits are placed in a conspicuous part of the room, where they are not allowed to do any thing. They have two boards placed up against the wall; one for merit, headed Eere Bord, which contains the names of the best boys, where they remain for a week; the names are then placed on a list of candidates for a reward: there is also another for deinerit, headed Schande Bord, on which the names of bad boys are inscribed. They employ a system of emulation :—on a register, against the name of each child a mark is placed for good behaviour; a child may obtain 10 marks in one day, but for bad behaviour he may forfeit the whole or part of them. These marks are posted afterwards to account. At the general annual meeting, those who have obtained most, receive honorary distinctions and several articles of clothing. The names of bad boys are also reported publicly. It is generally two years before a child arrives at the third class, and at the age of 14 he or she is dismissed from the school. The girls are at a certain age transferred to another establishment, where they learn needle-work. The children of every religious denomination, including a great number of Jews, are admitted. The bible only is taught, no creed is admitted.

We next visited another school for 330 scholars, on the same plan. The room was 66 feet long, 30 feet at the widest end and 20 at the narrowest, height of ceiling about 8 or 9 feet.

We were next conducted to a school to train up boys for the navy, established about 31 years ago. They are admitted at

12 to 14 years of age, and are taught every thing relative to navigation. In the yard is a vessel completely rigged, the mast is 40 or 50 feet high: here they are exercised in learning the use of the ropes, sails, &c. In the house, which is spacious, neat, and well adapted to the purpose, they are taught, in different school-rooms, the use of logarithms, &c. &c; they also learn English. They sleep in a large room, in hammocks attached to the ceiling; their chests under them, and every thing in seaman-like style. They had a healthy look, and some of them were very fine young men. There were children of the first families as well as of the poor: it would accommodate 200; but the French seized upon two-thirds of their funds, and they can only support 100 at present.

At the Foundling Hospital we should not have gained admittance but for my introductions from the minister Repalaer and the burgomaster. The visit was not satisfactory, as the person who went round with us could speak French but very imperfectly. Though a large building, it is much too small for the purpose: it contains 800 girls and 1500 boys. The children sleep three in a bed. The bedsteads are of wood, and large. There are four chambers for the girls; one was 150 feet long, 22 broad, 12 to 14 high: beds arranged on each side. We saw no children younger than about six years of age, the infants, amounting to 1400, are sent out to nurse. Here are two boxes for the reception of children: they are brought in the evening or night; -the weight of the child when put into the box rings a bell. The house is close, and by no means so neat as the other establishments. The children appear to be well clothed: we saw a great number of girls in different apartments, learning to sew, knit, &c: the boys have a large school-room, and by the arrangement of the seats the business seems to be conducted on the general plan. I was grieved to hear that a large proportion of the girls on leaving the institution become prostitutes; many of them are afflicted with the scrophula, and the character of the house has been such that it is not easy to get them places in respectable families, though there is no difficulty with regard to the girls educated in the Orphan House. The Foundling has six regentesses; but it ought to be under the care of a much larger committee. I hear that the infants have been greatly neglected; that they have been kept tied in a chair, or left in a cradle, almost the whole day. The consequence has been a great number of deformed persons, whom we are constantly meeting in the streets. I saw many in the house. The government is tak

ing steps to remedy these grievances. The mortality, as might be expected, has been very great; but I could not ascertain its

amount.

Account of Bamberg, and of its Public Institutions.

We are indebted to George Sinclair, Esq. the philanthropic traveller who favoured us with the account of Manheim in our last Number, for the following description of Bamberg and its Public Institutions.

Bamberg, October 11, 1816. :

To describe Bamberg adequately would require a volume in

stead of a letter. The account which lies before me comprises 256 pages; and I have been obliged to consult other works regarding the political and statistical history of the country. If a traveller determined to see every thing that is thought remarkable in every town that he visited, or to record every object that he saw, there would be no end to his labours, or to those of his readers. I shall content myself with a short summary of what I have read and observed; after premising that I have left many objects unseen, and many others undescribed.

The bishopric of Bamberg, before it was secularised in 1803, comprised a surface of sixty-five German miles, with a population of 192,000 souls, and a revenue of 556,000 dollars: the soil is fertile; the inhabitants were industrious, affluent, and contented; the country very picturesque. The see was founded anno 1007 by the emperor Henry II., who obtained in that year a bull of confirmation from pope John XVIII., and who endowed it with a considerable tract of territory which belonged to himself, but which had been previously settled by him upon his wife Cunigunda. As however they had no family, she willingly consented to the arrangement proposed by her husband, who made a number of other donations to his favourite bishopric; after having with some difficulty obtained the consent of the bishop of Würzburg, in whose diocese the greater part of the new see was situated. The emperor named his chancellor Eberhard first bishop of Bamberg (from 1007 to 1040). The second bishop, Suidger, became pope by the name of Clement, anno 1046. St.