fall that got to cribbing in the boat coming acress; he never had done it before but he would crib frequently water tank into the barn and we can water the horses right there. It can be arranged very simply. Question-Is it necessary for horses all the way over, and I was quite to eat dirt? Mr. Galbraith-No, we all know that they will sometimes do so, but I think it comes from indigestion gnawing in the stomach. alarmed about it. He continued to crib for a few weeks and then he stopped it, and for the last few months he hasn't cribbed any. Question-Is it beneficial to feed a Supt. McKerrow-Isn't it possible it horse ashes? comes from Botts? Mr. Galbraith-Well, of course ash is very essential to the building up of the frame, but I think I would feed it in some other form. Mr. Galbraith-It is possible but I have often seen horses that were not thriving, and if turned loose they will go to the ground and eat dirt. Mr. Thorp-Isn't it a matter of lack gentleman means of salt? destroy worms. Mr. Galbraith-It would be all right for that. Mr. Galbraith-I think not. They do better after eating the dirt. Question-Isn't it a good policy to feed corn fodder in the winter instead of so much hay? Mr. Galbraith-I think some corn fodder is very good, especially if your horse is "heavey." He will show it very much less. Supt. McKerrow-A "heavy" horse should not eat any hay. It should have straw or corn fodder. Question--Will a horse transmit heaves to his offspring? Supt. McKerrow-I presume the as a vermifuge to Question-What causes moon blindness in horses? Mr. Galbraith-That is a disease of the eye which is purely hereditary, and as far as my observation goes, is imited to this country. I never saw blind horse in Scotland in my life, with one exception, which was caused by an accident. The reason given me for it is excessive corn feeding and Sweating, and a tendency natural in certain breeds and families of horses. Supt. McKerrow-I believe any fail-it is a well known fact that it is hering is apt to be transmitted to the off- editary. It is called periodic opthalspring, that is, weakness of the lungs, mia. or anything else. It might develop if circumstances were right to develop it. Mr. Convey-On a small farm wouldn't you expect a farmer would derive more profit from raising young horses, using them for a few years and getting them in proper market condition, and then marketing them Mr. Galbraith-And I would add that a horse with the heaves is not apt to breed at all. Question-What makes a horse go and raising something else? blind? Mr. Galbraith-I think we should have had Dr. Alexander to tell us that. I cannot tell. Mr. Galbraith-Yes, that is the proper way to do. Question-Isn't it a fact that moon blindness comes from injury to the Question-What causes a horse to optic nerve, caused by a hurt? crib? Mr. Galbraith-No, I think not. I think moon blindness as a rule cannot be traced to injury to the eye at all. INCIDENTS IN THE LIFE OF A HORSE. DR. ARTHUR G. HOPKINS, Instructor in Animal Husbandry, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Author of "Veterinary Elements." A manual for agricultural students and Dame nature and her assistant, the veterinarian, introduce to the world a foal, the following few incidents in whose life we shall endeavor to portray faithfully so as to show where errors may be made and how they can be avoided. After being ushered into the world little attention is needed if he is at all strong and vigorous, as he should be, if his dam has been fed and exercised properly during pregnancy and his sire kept in muscular condition. However, the membranes are removed from his mouth and he is held up to suckle his dam. On the second day of his life he is found rolling, straining, hot, not caring to suckle, belly a little swollen, shows signs of pain, has not passed anything. As his ancestry is good and his form also, he is not the result of a service from a cheap sire or mongrel bred stallion, the veterinarian is again called in. This gentleman pronounces the trouble constipation, he says the first milk has not done its work, so carefully oiling his finger he introduces it into the rectum and removes several hard blackcolored balls, gives an injection of warm water and oil, and a dose of castor oil by the mouth, with the resuit that the pains disappear. The owner is advised to give the dam laxative feed, such as bran and oatmeal mashes, good clover hay, with a little flaxseed occasionally. Sometime later, from three days to a week, the veterinarian is again con- | again, his breath smells, and the oats sulted, and is informed that the colt go through him undigested. His is lame, swollen in some of his joints, will not suckle, is constipated, feverish, and that he urinates through the navel, which is clammy and taplike. The owner thinks that the mare has stepped upon the little fellow, but the veterinarian knows that dread disease of colthood, navel ill, is the trouble. The colt is examined and promptly treated. In future the breeder will dress the navels of all the newborn foals with an antiseptic such as carbolic acid or creoline solution, 5 per cent., that is one part of the drug to twenty parts of water. He will have the foaling box disinfected by sprinkling with chloride of lime, or else have the mares foai on grass. As the mortality rate in this disease ranges around 75 per cent. in the colt world, he realizes that prevention is better than attempted cure. an By the time the colt is a year old he is quite well developed, having been well fed and thus kept growing, and he is then castrated. The opera tion being performed he is kept in the stable, tied up, and as a result alarming swelling of the sheath is seen. However, under proper advice the wounds are opened up by a person with clean fingers soaked in an antiseptic solution, the point of the sheath tapped, thus letting out the serum, the colt turned out to grass and well exercised with a resultant disappearance of the swelling. Distemper (strangles) attacks him and a painful swelling between his jaws interferes with his meals. The veterinarian lances the abscess and advises laxative, nutritious food, and recovery is speedy. The colt's life is uneventful until three years old, when in the spring he is put to light work. Whole oats are given him, in fair quantities, but he fails rapidly. He slobbers greatly does not care to chew, drops quids of food out of his mouth, when drinking lets the water drop out of his mouth owner is puzzled, thinks of worms, Lampas (the colt's gums are swollen), and what not. The veterinarian is again called, looks him over and says laconically "His teeth." The owner says "Lampas?" An explanation by the V. S., however, convinces the owner that Lampas is only a symptom of tooth troubles and is not a disease itself. So the examination proceeds, which reveals a crown of a milk tooth, partially loose, the rough points of which are continually irritating the already sore gums. The loose crown is removed, any sharp points on the other teeth are smoothed down, a couple of wolf teeth are removed, not because they would ever hurt his eyes, but because it is the fashion to remove them; in a few days the sore ness gone he eats as well as ever. His owner learns, however, that his horses' teeth should be thoroughly exmined once a year by a competent Veterinarian. He learns that many colt is unthrifty and that many a horse is unfit for hard work, due to ooth troubles, and that a properly nade examination will avoid waste of feed, loss of condition, and probably fatal attacks of indigestion. Having picked up well he is again put to work and worked hard, is well fed until late on in the fall, the weather getting rough and the work being through he is kept stabled and the good feeding continues. One day his services are needed and he is hitched. Full of life and vigor he seems to his driver to be in extra good condition, but in fifteen minutes what a change! Sweat is pouring from him, he lags in the harness, is very lame in one hind leg, the muscles of the rump of that side are hard and swollen and he drops, unable to go further. Fortunately he is gotten to a barn and his medical friend called, while the driver anxiously awaits the verdict, which is Azoturia; some people call it spinal disease others paralysis. The V. S. |ity offers to cure him for five dollars, draws the urine which is thick and coffee colored, orders hot fomentations to the loins and croup, has him well bedded and gives appropriate medicines. To the owner he gives the following counsel: "In future feed less corn or grain of any kind to your horses while idle, and be sure that they get exercise regularly." After three or four days the attendants get him on his feet for a short time, and as he improves he is able to stand longer until in the course of a few days he is cured. Regular exercise is given, and he often visits town where he meets all sorts and conditions of horseflesh. Some time later he shows slight symptoms of ill health, feverishness, the glands between his jaws swell, he discharges matter streaked with blood from one nostril and his eyes also run a discharge. A neighbor says that he has a bad cold. A quack in the vicin- | he says it is chronic cold? In spite of good nursing and free advice he does not improve and the veterinarian whose advice is again sought says "a suspicious case, it may be glanders. Isolate him and we will give him the mallein test." The test, which consists of the injection of a fluid somewhat similar in preparation to tuberculin, is made over the shoulder one evening. The next day a large, painful swelling at the site of injection is seen; his temperature has gone up two or three degrees above; he appears to be sick, won't eat, blows and is stiff. As the test, which is quite reliable, has, shown that he is affected with glanders, he is shot and his body burned to ashes because, although a valuable horse in himself, the life and health of other horses and also human beings is seriously endangered as long as he is allowed to live. RESOLUTIONS. In behalf of the Wisconsin Farmers' Institutes, Be It Resolved: 1st. That we hereby tender our thanks to the several Superintendents of Farmers' Institutes and the other noted gentlemen from Canada and our sister states (as here represented) for their able assistance and co-operation in making this, our closing Institute, a grand success. 2d. That we would also recognize the help and ability of our own representatives, as exhibited in their various papers and addresses. 3d. That the music as rendered by WOMEN'S DEPARTMENT. COOKING SCHOOL. Held at Delavan in Connection with the Closing Farmers' Institute, March 13, 14-15, 1900. Conducted by MRS. HELEN ARMSTRONG, Chicago. Stenographic Report by MISS FLORENCE Q. NORTON, Madison, Wis. FIRST LESSON. Tuesday Afternoon, March 13. Mrs. Armstrong. the afternoons of Institute days, conducted by Mrs. Helen Armstrong, whose services were engaged for the winter's work. These lessons were demonstration lectures, the various recipes being put together and cooked in view of the audience, and were held in the parlors of the Baptist church, which were furnished by the Ladies' Committee at Delavan for use of the Cooking School. The audiences were large and appreciative. Armstrong's methods seemed to meet with favor and many new ideas valuable to house-wives were brought out in her talks and discussions. Mrs. After being introduced to the audience, Mrs. Armstrong spoke as follows: Mrs. Armstrong-While it hardly seems necessary for me to say very much by way of explanation about this work, still I feel that it is best to say a little something to make plain just why this is being done. There are those who seem to think that a cooking school is simply to teach a Following the plan of the past few few new dishes, but I would like to years, ten Cooking Schools were held correct that impression right away, in connection with the 101 Farmers' because that is not the object of the Institutes which made up the winter work. Of course we do try to give series of 1899-1900. Three lessons dishes that will please, but that is were given at the closing Institute, I simply one part of the work. The most |